Imaging of membranous dysmenorrhea

This paper reports on membranous dysmenorrhea, an unusual condition defined by expulsion of large fragments of endometrium during menses, with cases potentially associated with hormonal abnormalities or drug intake. The authors describe a single case in which clinical assessment plus ultrasound and MRI imaging were performed before the expulsion, and they present the imaging findings alongside the clinical features. They discuss differential diagnoses for the presentation, but the study’s main limitation is that it is a case report rather than a systematic study. This paper is centrally about endometriosis or adenomyosis—relevant only in the broader sense that it concerns a dysmenorrhea entity involving endometrial tissue expulsion, which is distinct from but anatomically related to endometriosis/adenomyosis.

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