Inoculation with natural microbial suspension and phytate amendment as sole source of phosphorus increased soybean growth and shifted microbial community structure

Phytate represents an organic pool of phosphorus in soil that require hydrolysis by phytase enzymes produced by microorganisms prior to its bioavailability by plants. We hypothesize that in a greenhouse trail on soybean plants inoculated or non-inoculated with a microbial suspension made from an age-old maple forest’s undisturbed soil mineralize phytate. MiSeq Amplicon sequencing targeting bacterial 16S rRNA gene and fungal ITS was performed to assess microbial community changes following treatments. Our results showed that soybean nodulation and shoot dry weight biomass increased when phytate was applied to the nutrient-poor substrate mixture. Bacterial and fungal diversities of the root and rhizosphere biotopes were relatively resilient following inoculation by microbial suspension; however, bacterial community structure was significantly influenced. Interestingly, four arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) were identified as indicator species, including Glomus sp., Claroideoglomus etunicatum, Funneliformis mosseae and an unidentified AMF taxon. We also observed that an ericoid mycorrhizal taxon Sebacina sp. and three Trichoderma spp. were among indicator species. Non-pathogenic Planctobacteria members highly dominated the bacterial community as core and hub taxa for over 80% of all bacterial datasets in root and rhizosphere biotopes. Overall, our study documented that inoculation with a microbial suspension and phytate amendment improved soybean plant growth.