An Introduction to PVDF Nanofibers Properties, and Ways to Improve Them, and Reviewing Output Enhancing Methods for PVDF Nanofibers Nanogenerators

PVDF has special piezo/pyro/ferroelectric, flexibility, low weight, biocompatibility, economical, good chemical/thermal, and high mechanical properties such as excellent nontoxic fiber/film formation. It has polar and nonpolar phases of α, β, γ, ε, and δ that the nonpolar α phase is the most stable one, but the β phase is the best of all because it has good piezo/pyro/ferroelectric properties. Copolymers are attractive because of their low weight, nontoxic, chemical acid resistance, flexibility, and ease of processing. These aspects result in their applications in many fields. They are used for piezoelectric nanogenerators, cooling/heating sensors, electronic devices (fuel cells, lithium-ion batteries (as separators), dye sensitive solar cells), filtration, oil/water separation, and photoelectric nanodevices. This review highlights the main aspects of the last decade's articles, and the focus is on the synthesis methods of PVDF nanofibers and their properties which results in their application in different fields of industry and especially focuses on finding ways to increase the output of PVDF nanofibers nanogenerators (weight/acoustic pressure nanogenerators