A posterior approach to correct for focal plane offsets in lattice light sheet structured illumination microscopy

Significance Lattice light sheet structured illumination microscopy (latticeSIM) has proven highly effective in producing 3D images with super resolution rapidly and with minimal photobleaching. However, due to the use of two separate objectives, sample-induced aberrations can result in an offset between the planes of excitation and detection, causing artifacts in the reconstructed images. Aim We introduce a posterior approach to detect and correct for the axial offset between the excitation and detection focal planes in latticeSIM and provide a method to minimize artifacts in the reconstructed images. Approach We utilized the residual phase information within the overlap regions of the laterally shifted structured illumination microscopy (SIM) information components in frequency space to retrieve the axial offset between the excitation and the detection focal planes in latticeSIM. Results We validated our technique through simulations and experiments, encompassing a range of samples from fluorescent beads to subcellular structures of adherent cells. We also show utilizing transfer functions with the same axial offset as that which was present during the data acquisition results in reconstructed images with minimal artifacts and salvages otherwise unusable data. Conclusion We envision that our method will be a valuable addition to restore image quality in latticeSIM datasets even for those acquired under non-ideal experimental conditions.