Malakoplakia involving the maxilla: A case report and a review of the literature

Malakoplakia involving the maxilla: A case report and a review of the literature | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Case Report Malakoplakia involving the maxilla: A case report and a review of the literature Spencer Roark, Carter Bruett, Martin Dominger, Paul Freedman, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4467562/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 9 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Malakoplakia is a rare inflammatory disorder which typically occurs in immunocompromised patients secondary to impaired bactericidal activity of macrophages. While this entity commonly arises in the genitourinary and gastrointestinal tracts, lesions of the head and neck have been reported only rarely, with oral cavity involvement reported in 3 cases. The most common presentation of head and neck malakoplakia is that of a cutaneous flesh-colored papule or nodule. This case report, however, illustrates the first time malakoplakia is identified affecting the maxilla and maxillary alveolar ridge mucosa. Histochemical and immunohistochemical stains are presented and include positivity for PAS, von Kossa stain, iron stain, and CD68 and negativity for GMS and Gram stains, indicating an inability to demonstrate microbial infection. Thus, clinicians and pathologists alike should be aware of malakoplakia as a pathologic entity when forming differential diagnoses, particularly in immunosuppressed individuals. Malakoplakia malacoplakia impaired bactericidal activity Michaelis-Gutmann Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 09 Jun, 2024 Reviews received at journal 09 Jun, 2024 Reviews received at journal 28 May, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 26 May, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 26 May, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 24 May, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 24 May, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 24 May, 2024 First submitted to journal 23 May, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4467562","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Case Report","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":309668069,"identity":"618d38ae-adf9-41f3-a6d7-6105c971f59a","order_by":0,"name":"Spencer Roark","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA2UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYHAD5gNAQkKGFC1sCSAtPKRo4TEAkwTVyc9uPvbgR8W9fH72M59f3aix4GFgP3x0Az4tBneOpRv2nCm2nNmTu8065xjQYTxpaTfwapHIMZNmbEswMDiQu804hw2oRYLHDK8W+Rn536QZ/wG1nH/zzDjnHxFaGG7ksEkzNgC13MhhfpzbRoQWoF/MJHuOJRhIznhmxpzbJ8HDRsgvwBB7JvGjJsGAnz/58eecb3Vy/OyHj+F3mASCyQZms+FVjqaF+QNB1aNgFIyCUTAiAQDYKEO+YJadKgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"New York-Presbyterian Queens","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Spencer","middleName":"","lastName":"Roark","suffix":""},{"id":309668070,"identity":"09d8883b-45fa-43d8-b92e-6acb71f04f19","order_by":1,"name":"Carter Bruett","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"New York-Presbyterian Queens","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Carter","middleName":"","lastName":"Bruett","suffix":""},{"id":309668071,"identity":"2d28b59a-c09a-4a50-8dba-0859b2b566a2","order_by":2,"name":"Martin Dominger","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Stony Brook University Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Martin","middleName":"","lastName":"Dominger","suffix":""},{"id":309668072,"identity":"d5a976af-98c1-48b9-b1b6-43d1c8c0f522","order_by":3,"name":"Paul Freedman","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"New York-Presbyterian Queens","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Paul","middleName":"","lastName":"Freedman","suffix":""},{"id":309668073,"identity":"6cda0b71-314a-4f93-b735-7cf12585a9df","order_by":4,"name":"Renee Reich","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"New York-Presbyterian Queens","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Renee","middleName":"","lastName":"Reich","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-05-23 14:36:29","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4467562/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4467562/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":57815845,"identity":"99e04ad3-2315-4ca9-a07b-65a37333e80c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-06-06 04:29:22","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":665555,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Malakoplakiainvolvingthemaxillamanuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4467562/v1_covered_713a3c7a-d5b2-447b-bf84-53b8af2ea090.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Malakoplakia involving the maxilla: A case report and a review of the literature","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"head-and-neck-pathology","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"Learn more about [Head and Neck Pathology](https://www.springer.com/journal/12105)","snPcode":"12105","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/12105/3","title":"Head and Neck Pathology","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Malakoplakia, malacoplakia, impaired bactericidal activity, Michaelis-Gutmann","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4467562/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4467562/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Malakoplakia is a rare inflammatory disorder which typically occurs in immunocompromised patients secondary to impaired bactericidal activity of macrophages. While this entity commonly arises in the genitourinary and gastrointestinal tracts, lesions of the head and neck have been reported only rarely, with oral cavity involvement reported in 3 cases. The most common presentation of head and neck malakoplakia is that of a cutaneous flesh-colored papule or nodule. This case report, however, illustrates the first time malakoplakia is identified affecting the maxilla and maxillary alveolar ridge mucosa. Histochemical and immunohistochemical stains are presented and include positivity for PAS, von Kossa stain, iron stain, and CD68 and negativity for GMS and Gram stains, indicating an inability to demonstrate microbial infection. Thus, clinicians and pathologists alike should be aware of malakoplakia as a pathologic entity when forming differential diagnoses, particularly in immunosuppressed individuals.","manuscriptTitle":"Malakoplakia involving the maxilla: A case report and a review of the literature","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-06-06 04:21:15","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4467562/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2024-06-10T00:29:40+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-06-10T00:15:12+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-05-28T18:25:19+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"60841931031089642037717752645620666447","date":"2024-05-26T20:00:33+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"161501624037870145626072726860777496803","date":"2024-05-26T18:44:52+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2024-05-24T19:58:35+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2024-05-24T19:56:03+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2024-05-24T09:30:42+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Head and Neck Pathology","date":"2024-05-23T14:35:10+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"head-and-neck-pathology","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"Learn more about [Head and Neck Pathology](https://www.springer.com/journal/12105)","snPcode":"12105","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/12105/3","title":"Head and Neck Pathology","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"5e644d9e-aa64-4a98-a06e-0409e13dddde","owner":[],"postedDate":"June 6th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-06-11T12:52:46+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-06-06 04:21:15","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4467562","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4467562","identity":"rs-4467562","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}