Prevalence and Radiographic Characteristics of Non-syndromic Supernumerary Teeth in a Shanghai Dental Hospital Pediatric Population: A Cross-sectional Study

Background: Epidemiological studies can promote the further understanding of the characteristics of non-syndromic supernumerary teeth(ST) and provide references for the clinical work and the basic research in the future. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and radiographic characteristics of non-syndrome supernumerary teeth (ST) in pediatric patients attending one Shanghai hospital. Methods: Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) of 639 subjects diagnosed with non-syndromic ST among 255259 pediatric patients visiting Shanghai Stomatology Hospital were analyzed to evaluate the number, morphology, location, orientation and sagittal position of supernumerary teeth. The profile of patients and radiographic characteristics were collected. Pearson’s Chi-square test and Fisher exact test were employed to estimate the potential relationships between categorical covariates. Results: The overall prevalence of ST was 0.25%, and the male: female ratio was 3.07:1. Most ST were single, with a conical shape and vertical orientation, located in maxillary anterior region, palatally/lingually positioned in sagittal plain and detected in mixed dentition. Malposition of adjacent permanent teeth was most common complication. The morphology of ST was significantly correlated with development and eruption of the adjacent permanent teeth, while the orientation was only associated with malposition of neighboring teeth. Conclusions: The epidemiological and radiographic data in this study can be applied as a reference for characterization understanding and clinical treatment planning of ST in Shanghai children and adolescents.