Who benefits more from an expansion of Government Health Expenditures in Western China

Who benefits more from an expansion of Government Health Expenditures in Western China | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Who benefits more from an expansion of Government Health Expenditures in Western China Zhichun Li, Jinrui Du, Yufeng Sun, Miao Fan This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4757182/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted 3 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Objectives Government health expenditures (GHE) is the most effective factor in improving social health conditions. States often allocate funds to the equity considerations to ensure that GHE is pro-poor and the subsidies are well targeted. This study aimed to interpret who acquires GHE benefit in Western China. Setting: The whole health care. Participants: in western China, there were 149 prefecture-level cities (districts) in 12 provinces and autonomous regions over a period of 11 years selected for analysis in this study. Primary and secondary outcome measures: The research applied the static BIA, the concentration index (CI) and marginal benefit model controlling fixed effects to calculate the benefit incidence equity of GHE. Results : The static BIA of GHE showed that the benefits of each group fluctuated in different years, with no consistent trend. However, the gaps among the three groups were becoming smaller and smaller, and the low group had a tendency to surpass the middle and high groups. The benefit equity analysis of GHE showed that the CI value was close to 0 and Kakwani index was negative, indicating good fairness. The marginal benefit analysis considering the time factor showed that, as time went by, the marginal benefit of GHE was more and more inclining to the middle and low groups, without obvious pro-rich. Consideration: In western China, the government's goal of equitable and accessible medical care was being achieved step by step. government health expenditure health service average benefit marginal benefit incidence Western China Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted Editor assigned by journal 23 Jul, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 18 Jul, 2024 First submitted to journal 17 Jul, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4757182","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":330609625,"identity":"40becaca-cfcf-4036-8da1-d0f269d615d8","order_by":0,"name":"Zhichun Li","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Ningxia Medical University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zhichun","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""},{"id":330609626,"identity":"77feb22b-e858-4447-883a-93e502e101a5","order_by":1,"name":"Jinrui Du","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Ningxia Medical University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jinrui","middleName":"","lastName":"Du","suffix":""},{"id":330609629,"identity":"8b319c8c-da14-4732-bc9e-e063162dec4f","order_by":2,"name":"Yufeng Sun","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA10lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYLCCCgMbHvvjDQwHiNdypiJNjuHMAZK0nDlkzHAjgUjV8jNyj0kcbDuQ2Djz+cPDBTUM8vxiBCwzuJGXBtRyJ7FZOsfg8IxjDIYzZxOwzkAix0z6Y9uzxDbpHIbDPGwMCQa3CWiRn5FjBrTlcGKP5PEHh3n+EaGF4QZQy4Ezh40lJBgMDvO2EaHF4MwbY4sDwEA24AH6hbdPgrBf5NtzDG8cAEalAfvxx595vtnI80sTchgDA4sEEkcCpzJkwPyBKGWjYBSMglEwcgEAtxFIw1KuZgoAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Ningxia Medical University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yufeng","middleName":"","lastName":"Sun","suffix":""},{"id":330609630,"identity":"103fbdc1-48e0-4617-9967-d8f05b1c3b50","order_by":3,"name":"Miao Fan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Ningxia Medical University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Miao","middleName":"","lastName":"Fan","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-07-17 15:14:14","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4757182/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4757182/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":62383791,"identity":"a2eac964-84c2-45ca-a430-13fadd8d0487","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-08-13 14:37:18","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":593520,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"GovernmentHealthExpenditureinWesternChina.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4757182/v1_covered_e12debb1-40a2-4d21-b0ad-118265fae2a2.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Who benefits more from an expansion of Government Health Expenditures in Western China","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-health-services-research","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"bhsr","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Health Services Research](http://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/BHSR/default.aspx","title":"BMC Health Services Research","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"government health expenditure, health service, average benefit, marginal benefit incidence, Western China","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4757182/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4757182/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eObjectives\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eGovernment health expenditures (GHE) is the most effective factor in improving social health conditions. States often allocate funds to the equity considerations to ensure that GHE is pro-poor and the subsidies are well targeted. This study aimed to interpret who acquires GHE benefit in Western China. Setting: The whole health care. Participants: in western China, there were 149 prefecture-level cities (districts) in 12 provinces and autonomous regions over a period of 11 years selected for analysis in this study. Primary and secondary outcome measures: The research applied the static BIA, the concentration index (CI) and marginal benefit model controlling fixed effects to calculate the benefit incidence equity of GHE. Results : The static BIA of GHE showed that the benefits of each group fluctuated in different years, with no consistent trend. However, the gaps among the three groups were becoming smaller and smaller, and the low group had a tendency to surpass the middle and high groups. The benefit equity analysis of GHE showed that the CI value was close to 0 and Kakwani index was negative, indicating good fairness. The marginal benefit analysis considering the time factor showed that, as time went by, the marginal benefit of GHE was more and more inclining to the middle and low groups, without obvious pro-rich. 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