Data Envelopment Analysis based on opportunity losses (DEA-OPLO): A new approach for Performance Evaluation

Data Envelopment Analysis based on opportunity losses (DEA-OPLO): A new approach for Performance Evaluation | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Data Envelopment Analysis based on opportunity losses (DEA-OPLO): A new approach for Performance Evaluation Reza Sheikh This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6359816/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Performance evaluation is a critical tool for organizations seeking to enhance competitiveness through continuous improvement. Assessing systems with multiple inputs and outputs requires advanced analytical methods. This study introduces Data Envelopment Analysis based on Opportunity Loss (DEA-OPLO) , a novel approach for evaluating Decision-Making Units (DMUs). This method transforms inputs and outputs into ratio-based metrics, evaluating units through opportunity loss calculated via polar coordinate distance. The optimal unit (with minimal opportunity losses) is positioned on the x-axis, while a newly proposed Reference Axis quantifies the distance of other units from this benchmark. A numerical validation involving six units with two inputs and two outputs demonstrated DEA-OPLO’s alignment with conventional models and its superior accuracy in identifying inefficiencies. Comparative analyses further highlighted its enhanced precision over existing methodologies. The results underscore DEA-OPLO’s potential as a robust framework for performance assessment, offering refined insights into inefficiencies within complex multi-input/output systems. Performance evaluation DEA-OPLO method opportunity losses MultPerformance evaluation DEA-OPLO method opportunity losses Multiple-criteria Decision Making (MCDM) Decision-Making Units (DMUs)iple-criteria Decision Making (MCDM) Decision-Making Units (DMUs) Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6359816","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":447293479,"identity":"d285b2a9-4bf1-4f34-89d8-082cd7a09bd4","order_by":0,"name":"Reza Sheikh","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABAElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYHACNgYGg4QEfgYeBmYw/wBEmIegFskGuBZmYrQwJCQYHEDTghOYt7c/e/ChIC3P+PzZg58L99jI8d3IP8Dwo4ZBxrwBuxaZM2fMDWcY5BSb3chLlp7xLM1Y8kYyA2PPMQYemQPYtUhI5LBJ8xhUJG67wWMgzXPgcOIGoBYG3gYGHgkcDpOQf/5M+g9Qy+b+M8a/YVoY/+LTIsFgJs1gkJO4gSHHDG4LM15beHLMJHsM0hJn3Mgxs+Y5APTLmccGh2WOSeDWwn78mcSPP8mJ/UCH3eY5AAyx44kPH76psbHHpQU7OAA0iyQNo2AUjIJRMApQAQD1UVXqOTkWOgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Shahrood University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Reza","middleName":"","lastName":"Sheikh","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-04-02 09:38:28","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6359816/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6359816/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":82792093,"identity":"ae75366c-164f-4e9b-a0ff-accfb6b8056e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-05-15 10:17:37","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":694275,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6359816/v1_covered_1f479f46-dc7f-483f-81e2-64360bc6f028.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Data Envelopment Analysis based on opportunity losses (DEA-OPLO): A new approach for Performance Evaluation","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Performance evaluation DEA-OPLO method, opportunity losses, MultPerformance evaluation DEA-OPLO method, opportunity losses, Multiple-criteria Decision Making (MCDM), Decision-Making Units (DMUs)iple-criteria Decision Making (MCDM), Decision-Making Units (DMUs)","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6359816/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6359816/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003ePerformance evaluation is a critical tool for organizations seeking to enhance competitiveness through continuous improvement. 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