"Association Between Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and Risk of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Case-Control Study"

Abstract BackgroundPathophysiology of IBS is not well recognized; however, several studies have shown the possible relationship between diet and risk of IBS. We assessed the ability of the dietary inflammatory index (DII) to predict the risk of IBS.MethodsThe subjects were 155 IBS cases and 310 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. IBS was recognized using the Rome IV criteria. DII score was computed based on dietary intake using a 168-item FFQ. The FFQ was analyzed using Nutritionist ІV. The DII score was calculated based on energy-adjusted amounts of nutrients using residual method. Logistic regression models were used to estimate multivariable odds ratios (ORs).ResultsThe mean DII score was significantly higher among IBS patients in comparison to healthy controls (0.78 ± 2.22 vs. -0.39 ± 2.27). In crude model, increase in DII as continuous variable was associated with a significant increase in the risk of IBS (OR (95% CI): 1.26 (1.1-15.38)). Furthermore, the association remained significant even after adjusting for age and sex (OR (95% CI): 1.28 (1.1-17.41)) and after multivariate adjustment (OR (95% CI): 1.38 (1.2-1.56)). In crude, age and sex adjusted and multivariate-adjusted models subjects in fourth quartile of DII had higher OR in comparison to subjects in first quartile. ConclusionsThe results of this study showed a possible positive association between a pro-inflammatory diet and the risk of IBS. Thus, encouraging intake of more anti-inflammatory dietary factors and reducing intake of pro-inflammatory factors may be a strategy for reducing risk of IBS.