Theoretical framework for gravitational wave memory in scaler-tensor and f(R) gravity

Theoretical framework for gravitational wave memory in scaler-tensor and f(R) gravity | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Theoretical framework for gravitational wave memory in scaler-tensor and f(R) gravity Durojaiye Jude Koffa, Olakunle Ogunjobi, Enock Oluwole Oladimeji, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7644760/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract We investigate gravitational wave memory effects in modified gravity theories using the Bondi-Metzner-Sachs formalism to derive exact expressions for memory tensors incorporating additional gravitational degrees of freedom. Our analysis demonstrates that scalar-tensor theories with Brans-Dicke parameter ω = 1000 produce memory amplitude enhancements of (8.2 ± 1.1)% for binary black hole systems with M = 60M ⊙ at D = 400 Mpc, while f(R) theories with Starobinsky coupling λ = 10 12 m 2 yield frequency-dependent corrections reach- ing (12.6±2.3)% during merger phases. These predictions emerge from detailed post-Newtonian source modeling with comprehensive error analysis accounting for systematic uncertainties. Space-based gravitational wave detectors operat- ing in the millihertz regime can distinguish these modified gravity signatures with signal-to-noise ratios exceeding ρ = 8 for massive binary systems (M > 10 5 M ⊙ ) at distances up to z = 3. The theoretical framework enables precision tests of fundamental gravitational physics through next-generation observations, with projected constraints suffcient to constrain the Brans-Dicke parameter to ∆ω/ω ∼ 0.08 and Starobinsky coupling to |∆λ| < 10 11 m 2 , representing significant improvements over existing bounds. Gravitational waves Memory effects Modified gravity Scalar-tensor theories f(R) gravity Binary coalescence BMS symmetries Post-Newtonian theory Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7644760","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":523769388,"identity":"fb4d03b2-9056-448e-ae1e-376b936682af","order_by":0,"name":"Durojaiye Jude 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gravity","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Gravitational waves, Memory effects, Modified gravity, Scalar-tensor theories, f(R) gravity, Binary coalescence, BMS symmetries, Post-Newtonian theory","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7644760/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7644760/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eWe investigate gravitational wave memory effects in modified gravity theories using the Bondi-Metzner-Sachs formalism to derive exact expressions for memory tensors incorporating additional gravitational degrees of freedom. Our analysis demonstrates that scalar-tensor theories with Brans-Dicke parameter ω = 1000 produce memory amplitude enhancements of (8.2 ± 1.1)% for binary black hole systems with M = 60M\u003csub\u003e⊙\u003c/sub\u003e at D = 400 Mpc, while f(R) theories with Starobinsky coupling λ = 10\u003csup\u003e12\u003c/sup\u003e m\u003csup\u003e2 \u003c/sup\u003eyield frequency-dependent corrections reach- ing (12.6±2.3)% during merger phases. These predictions emerge from detailed post-Newtonian source modeling with comprehensive error analysis accounting for systematic uncertainties. Space-based gravitational wave detectors operat- ing in the millihertz regime can distinguish these modified gravity signatures with signal-to-noise ratios exceeding ρ = 8 for massive binary systems (M \u0026gt; 10\u003csup\u003e5\u003c/sup\u003e M\u003csub\u003e⊙\u003c/sub\u003e) at distances up to z = 3. The theoretical framework enables precision tests of fundamental gravitational physics through next-generation observations, with projected constraints suffcient to constrain the Brans-Dicke parameter to ∆ω/ω ∼ 0.08 and Starobinsky coupling to |∆λ| \u0026lt; 10\u003csup\u003e11\u003c/sup\u003e m\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e , representing significant improvements over existing bounds.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Theoretical framework for gravitational wave memory in scaler-tensor and f(R) gravity","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-10-03 06:23:28","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7644760/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"1ab01f34-1df7-4e0e-ae01-2047d5513b04","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 3rd, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-11-18T13:09:03+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-10-03 06:23:28","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7644760","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7644760","identity":"rs-7644760","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}