Serological Evaluation of Anti- FSH antibody, and Anti- LH antibody In Iraqi women with polycystic ovarian syndrome

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Alsaffar" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Hiba M. Khaleel" } ], "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "F1000Research", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://f1000research.com/img/AMP/F1000Research_image.png", "height": 480, "width": 60 } }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://f1000research.com/img/AMP/F1000Research_image.png", "height": 1200, "width": 150 }, "description": " Background Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal, metabolic disorder in women of reproductive age. It can be induced by genetic, immunological, and environmental determinants. The main pathophysiology of PCOS, is hyperandrogenism, which can lead to acne, hirsutism, menstrual irregularities, as well as infertility. However, PCOS is also associated with chronic low-grade inflammation. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the role of, (anti-FSH, and anti-LH antibodies, in PCOS occurrence). Methods About 65 patients with PCOS, and 56 healthy women (controls) were recruited. Their ages were (20-45) years. Body mass index BMI was computed as, (weight) divided by (height squared, (kg/m2). Blood samples were obtained randomly from the Medical City Hospital in Baghdad and private infertility clinics. This study was conducted between November 2024 and January 2025. The levels of anti-FSH and anti-LH antibodies were measured by ELISA. Results The results revealed a non-significant increase in anti-FSH antibody in patients (36.22±6.73) ng/ml, compared to controls (34.99±9.78 ng/ml), and a highly significant decrease in anti-LH antibody in patients (45.29±3.04 ng/ml), as compared to controls (69.16±10.90 ng/ml), (p0.05). While the LH hormone results was, in patients with PCOS (7.61±0.73 mIU/ml), as opposed to the control group it was (5.62±0.56 mIU/ml), the (p>0.05). Finally, the LH/FSH ratio showed a non- significant increase in both patients (1.161±0.37) and controls (0.7819±0.22) (p>0.05). Conclusion Women with PCOS showed increased LH levels and the LH/FSH ratio. However, a decrease in anti-LH antibody was accompanied by an increase of LH hormone and LH/FSH ratio. " } { "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "position": "1", "item": { "@id": "https://f1000research.com/", "name": "Home" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": "2", "item": { "@id": "https://f1000research.com/browse/articles", "name": "Browse" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": "3", "item": { "@id": "https://f1000research.com/articles/14-1355/v1", "name": "Serological Evaluation of Anti- FSH antibody, and Anti- LH antibody..." } } ] } Home Browse Serological Evaluation of Anti- FSH antibody, and Anti- LH antibody... ALL Metrics - Views Downloads Get PDF Get XML Cite How to cite this article Alsaffar SF and Khaleel HM. Serological Evaluation of Anti- FSH antibody, and Anti- LH antibody In Iraqi women with polycystic ovarian syndrome [version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :1355 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.172281.1 ) NOTE: If applicable, it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. Close Copy Citation Details Export Export Citation Sciwheel EndNote Ref. Manager Bibtex ProCite Sente EXPORT Select a format first Track Share ▬ ✚ Research Article Serological Evaluation of Anti- FSH antibody, and Anti- LH antibody In Iraqi women with polycystic ovarian syndrome [version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations] Sura F. Alsaffar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4657-9404 1 , Hiba M. Khaleel https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3558-6709 2 Sura F. Alsaffar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4657-9404 1 , Hiba M. Khaleel https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3558-6709 2 PUBLISHED 03 Dec 2025 Author details Author details 1 Biology, University of Baghdad Al-Jaderyia Campus College of Science, Baghdad, Baghdad Governorate, Iraq 2 Biology, University of Baghdad Al-Jaderyia Campus College of Science, Baghdad, Baghdad Governorate, Iraq Sura F. Alsaffar Roles: Conceptualization, Formal Analysis, Methodology, Project Administration, Software, Supervision, Validation, Writing – Review & Editing Hiba M. Khaleel Roles: Data Curation, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Validation, Visualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation OPEN PEER REVIEW DETAILS REVIEWER STATUS This article is included in the Fallujah Multidisciplinary Science and Innovation gateway. Abstract Background Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal, metabolic disorder in women of reproductive age. It can be induced by genetic, immunological, and environmental determinants. The main pathophysiology of PCOS, is hyperandrogenism, which can lead to acne, hirsutism, menstrual irregularities, as well as infertility. However, PCOS is also associated with chronic low-grade inflammation. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the role of, (anti-FSH, and anti-LH antibodies, in PCOS occurrence). Methods About 65 patients with PCOS, and 56 healthy women (controls) were recruited. Their ages were (20-45) years. Body mass index BMI was computed as, (weight) divided by (height squared, (kg/m 2 ). Blood samples were obtained randomly from the Medical City Hospital in Baghdad and private infertility clinics. This study was conducted between November 2024 and January 2025. The levels of anti-FSH and anti-LH antibodies were measured by ELISA. Results The results revealed a non-significant increase in anti-FSH antibody in patients (36.22±6.73) ng/ml, compared to controls (34.99±9.78 ng/ml), and a highly significant decrease in anti-LH antibody in patients (45.29±3.04 ng/ml), as compared to controls (69.16±10.90 ng/ml), (p0.05). While the LH hormone results was, in patients with PCOS (7.61±0.73 mIU/ml), as opposed to the control group it was (5.62±0.56 mIU/ml), the (p>0.05). Finally, the LH/FSH ratio showed a non- significant increase in both patients (1.161±0.37) and controls (0.7819±0.22) (p>0.05). Conclusion Women with PCOS showed increased LH levels and the LH/FSH ratio. However, a decrease in anti-LH antibody was accompanied by an increase of LH hormone and LH/FSH ratio. READ ALL READ LESS Keywords Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Anti-FSH antibody; Anti-LH antibody; LH/FSH ratio. Corresponding Author(s) Sura F. Alsaffar ( [email protected] ) Close Corresponding author: Sura F. Alsaffar Competing interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Grant information: The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work. Copyright: © 2025 Alsaffar SF and Khaleel HM. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. How to cite: Alsaffar SF and Khaleel HM. Serological Evaluation of Anti- FSH antibody, and Anti- LH antibody In Iraqi women with polycystic ovarian syndrome [version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :1355 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.172281.1 ) First published: 03 Dec 2025, 14 :1355 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.172281.1 ) Latest published: 04 May 2026, 14 :1355 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.172281.3 )  There is a newer version of this article available. Suppress this message for one day. 1. Introduction Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent gynecological disorder that affects women of reproductive age (15-45 years) and is characterized by a combination of hormonal and metabolic manifestations. 1 , 2 The exact cause of this syndrome remains unclear; however, PCOS is primarily associated with hyperandrogenism and ovulatory dysfunction. Its incidence varies by region and is influenced by lifestyle factors, including diet and physical activity habits. The pathophysiology of PCOS, resulting from hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance, can lead to hirsutism, acne, and menstrual cycle irregularities, anovulation, endometrial cancer, ovarian enlargement, infertility, type 2 diabetes, other cardiovascular diseases. 3 , 4 Environmental and genetic factors contribute to PCOS development in ovaries. Lifestyle exacerbates these conditions; therefore, lifestyle modification through a healthy diet and regular physical activity is considered the first-line approach for all PCOS phenotypes. However, its effect on ovulation and fertility in lean PCOS patients appear limited. Metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and central obesity are more common in obese women with PCOS. Furthermore, scientific evidence indicates that women with PCOS have higher levels of inflammation-related biomarkers in both their serum and ovarian tissues than women without the condition. 5 , 6 PCOS causes an imbalance in progesterone and estrogen (sex hormones) levels, which leads to disturbances in the menstrual cycle. Therefore, oral contraceptives are often prescribed for women with PCOS. 7 This condition can be diagnosed by ovarian ultrasonography. The ovary can be affected by immune-mediated processes, and these responses can be organ-specific, affecting only the ovary or systemic autoimmune diseases. One autoimmune conformation of the ovary, anti-FSH antibody interferes with the function of FSH, and FSH’s specific beta-epitope is predominant in endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome. 8 The pituitary gland abides by slow and fast GnRH pulses. During the early follicular stage, increasing FSH concentrations stimulate estradiol (E2) production. Elevated E2 selectively suppresses FSH secretion and sustains a high-frequency pattern of GnRH pulses into the late follicular stage. 9 A hallmark of PCOS is an increase in GnRH levels, leading to elevated androgens levels. The ovary stimulates this over secretion and produces high LH levels from the adenohypophysis. This elevation in LH secretion is observed in approximately 60% of women with PCOS, and over-secretion of LH prevents oocyte maturation. The main function of LH hormone, stimulate ovulation and zygote implantation in uterus, as well as to regulate the menstrual cycle. 10 , 11 LH receptors on ovarian theca cells regulate steroid production, whereas FSH receptors on granulosa cells regulate follicle development and steroid hormone handling. FSHR and LHR share structural and evolutionary similarities with the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor (TSHR) in Grave’s disease, suggesting that they may also be targeted by autoantibodies. Evidence from limited studies indicates a possible association between these antibodies and premature ovarian failure in women. 12 In infertile women anti-FSH antibody were found at high concentrations. Because of their similarities in structure, function, and site of secretion, antibodies against both LH and FSH are the same. 13 LH, FSH, and LH/FSH ratio may serve as useful indicators for the diagnosis of PCOS. An increase in the LH/FSH ratio raising in level to 2 or 3 in women with PCOS, the typical ratio 1:1 of LH/FSH, means that the levels of both FSH and LH in the bloodstream can be compared. 14 , 15 Pretreatment with oral contraceptives is used to balance the LH/FSH ratio before ovulation, to regulate ovarian induction. 16 This study aimed to determine the influence of anti-FSH, and anti-LH antibodies on PCOS occurrence. 2. Materials and methods The study was conducted in Baghdad, and samples were randomly collected from the Medical City Hospital, Baghdad, and private women’s infertility clinics. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients and controls prior to participation. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the College of Science, University of Baghdad (Ref.: CSEC/1124/0100, November 2024). A total of 65 women with PCOS and 56 healthy women were included in the study. The control group was comparable to patients in terms of age and body mass index (BMI). In addition, the range of women’s ages was between 19 and 45 years, and some patients were receiving medications such as metformin, vitamin D, and oral contraceptives as treatment protocol. Women were excluded if they were pregnant, breastfed women or had hypertension, diabetes, or other autoimmune diseases. Prior to enrollment, detailed medical histories were obtained and physical examinations were performed to confirm eligibility. The duration of treatment for patients with PCOS at the time of sample collection ranged from several months to one year. BMI was measured using the equation weight (kg)/(length)m 2 for both groups (patients and controls). The main symptoms that occur in patients with PCOS are (not regular period, acne, alopecia, hirsutism, oily skin, and depression). Hyperandrogenism is a key diagnostic criterion of PCOS. 2.1 Exclusion criteria Pregnant, breastfeeding women, or had hypertension, diabetes, or other chronic diseases were excluded from the study. 2.2 Infertility hormones FSH, LH Using the AFIAS-6 apparatus, hormones (Follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone) were measured in the serum of women with PCOS and healthy women during the early follicular phase. 2.3 Anti-FSH, Anti-LH antibodies All parameters were determined using the serum from women with PCOS and healthy women (controls) during the early follicular phase. Fertility hormones (anti FSH antibody, and anti LH antibody) were measured by ELISA using immunological kits (Cat No: YLA0050HU, Shanghai YL Biotech Company, China). (Cat No: E3130Hu, BT LAB, China). The ELISA plate was precoated with human Anti-FSH antibodies. Upon adding 50 μl of the sample to the wells, any Anti-FSH Ab was bound to the immobilized antibodies. Biotin-labeled Anti-FSH Ab was dispensed into all wells except for the standard wells, which were precoated. Biotin-labeled Anti-FSH antibodies immobilized on the plate. Streptavidin-HRP was added to all wells, and the plate was kept in the dark. The mixture was incubated at 37°C for 60 min. After incubation, unbound streptavidin-HRP was washed away using washing buffer. The washing step was repeated five times, with a one- minute wait for each wash. Substrate solution (A and B) was then added, and the resulting color indicated the concentration of Anti-FSH Ab. The enzymatic reaction was stopped by adding an acidic stop solution, and absorbance was measured at 450 nm using a microplate reader. The same detection steps used for Anti-FSH Ab were applied to the Anti-LH Ab. 2.4 Statistical analysis Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 2019. Statistical tests were conducted assuming approximate normality of the variables. And independent t-test was used to compare percentages. Statistical significance was set at p-value < 0.05 was considered. Simple statistical analyses were sufficient as the data did not require more complex methods. 3. Results The age of patients in the PCOS group aged 30 years old. Compared to the control group less than 30 years old were 40 (71.43%), while the control group more than 30 years old were 16 (28.57%), as shown in Table 1 . The percentage of married female patients and with PCOS was 49 (75.38%), whereas the control group comprised 36 (64.29%). Comparing these results to unmarried patients 16 (24.62%), and the unmarried controls 20 (35.71%), as shown in Table 1 . The patients who had children were 38 (58.46%), while those who did not have children were 27 (41.54%). As in the control group (having children) were 23 (64.29%), while control group (having no children) were 13 (35.71%), as shown in Table 1 . Table 1. Distribution of sample study according to Age, in patient and control groups. Factor Patients No. (%) Control No (%) P-value Age groups <30 yr. 43 (66.15%) 40 (71.43%) (year) ≥30 yr. 22 (33.85%) 16 (28.57%) 0.0395 * Mean ±SE 26.80 ± 0.78 27.64 ± 1.91 0.662 NS Married Married 49 (75.38%) 36 (64.29%) 0.0001 ** Single 16 (24.62%) 20 (35.71%) Children Have children 38 (58.46%) 23 (64.29%) Don’t have children 13 (35.71%) 27 (41.54%) 0.0072 ** * ( P ≤ 0.05), ** ( P ≤ 0.01). There was a non-significant increase in the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) in PCOS (8.12 ± 0.74 mIU/ml), (7.61 ± 0.73 mIU/ml) respectively, as compared to control (7.35 ± 0.62 mIU/ml), (5.62 ± 0.56 mIU/ml) respectively (p value > 0.05). However, LH levels showed a non-significant increase in patients when compared to controls (p > 0.05). The present study found a highly significant decrease in antibodies against LH hormone in patient (45.29 ± 3.04 ng/ml) were found to be less than control (69.16 ± 10.90 ng/ml). Serum anti-LH antibodies were detected in PCOS patients, showing a negative correlation with LH levels. The anti-FSH antibody levels showed a non-significant increase in both patient and control groups. Antibodies against FSH in patient (36.22 ± 6.73 ng/ml) was more than the control (34.99 ± 9.78 ng/ml). The LH/FSH ratio revealed a non-significant increase in the patients (1.161 ± 0.37), and control groups (0.7819 ± 0.22), as shown in Table 2 . The LH/FSH ratio was more than 2 was in patients 5(7.6%), while in control zero. The ratio was less than 2, in patient 60 (92%) higher than in control where it was 56 (100%), as shown in Table 3 . Table 2. Comparison between patients and control groups in Hormones. Means ± SE Groups FSH (mIU/ml) LH (mIU/ml) Anti-LH Ab (ng/ml) Anti-FSH Ab (ng/ml) LH/FSH Patients 8.12 ± 0.74 7.61 ± 0.73 45.29 ± 3.04 36.22 ± 6.73 1.161 ± 0.37 Control 7.35 ± 0.62 5.62 ± 0.56 69.16 ± 10.90 34.99 ± 9.78 0.7819 ± 0.22 T-test 3.297 NS 3.244 NS 16.448 ** 15.530 NS 1.71 P-value 0.643 0.227 0.0050 0.936 0.09 NS ** ( P ≤ 0.01), NS (Non-significant) ± SD = Standard deviation. Table 3. The number and percentage of patients and control where (LH/FSH ratio >2, and LH/FSH ratio 2 LH/FSH ratio <2 Patients 5 (7.6%) 60 (92%) Control 0 56 (100%) The BMI of the patients and controls was as follows: in obese and overweight women the anti-LH antibody decreased in the patient (43.796) ng/ml, and control groups (69.864) ng/ml, while the anti- FSH antibody levels increased in the patients (42.561) ng/ml compared to the control group (39.653) ng/ml, and the LH/FSH ratio showed an increase in the patient (1.381), and control groups (0.825). In normal weight women, the anti-LH antibody was lower in the patients (47.586) ng/ml, than in controls (68.221) ng/ml, and the anti-FSH antibody also as anti-LH antibody, in patients (26.483) ng/ml increase, compared to control (28.791) ng/ml, while LH/FSH ratio represented a higher level in the patient (0.821) than in the control (0.723) as shown in Table 4 . There was a non-significant correlation between the BMI and (Anti-FSH, Anti-LH antibodies, and LH/FSH ratio), as shown in Table 5 . Table 4. The number of patients and control BMI in anti-gonadotropin antibodies. BMI>25(KG/M 2 ) BMI<25 (KG/M 2 ) ANTI-LH Antibody Patient 43.796 Patient 47.586 Control 69.864 Control 68.221 ANTI-FSH Antibody Patient 42.561 Patient 26.483 Control 39.653 Control 28.791 LH/FSH ratio Patient 1.381 Patient 0.821 Control 0.825 Control 0.723 Table 5. Correlation coefficient between BMI with Anti-FSH, Anti-LH and LH/FSH ratio. Parameters Correlation coefficient-r with BMI Anti-FSH -0.09 NS -0.04 NS Anti-LH 0.02 NS 0.19 NS LH/FSH ratio 0.02 NS -0.14 NS 4. Discussion Polycystic ovarian syndrome can be defined as a hormonal, metabolic, and endocrine disorder, related to irregular androgen production from the ovaries. An increase in adrenal androgen levels, combined with obesity, promotes the peripheral conversion to estrogen. 17 , 18 In addition to type 2 diabetes, women with PCOS often exhibit insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, and obesity. 19 It was normal to increase the level of LH hormone, and the ratio of LH/FSH, it may be between 1-2 in healthy women but increases to reach as high as 2-3 that will lead to anovulation. The gonadotrophin- axis was distributed in PCOS patients, so LH levels increased and FSH levels were within the normal range, leading to the expression of the normal LH/FSH ratio. This result is not concordant with that reported by Malini and Roy. 20 The Results of this study showed an increase in the LH/FSH ratio in female with PCOS, which increased above 1, except in some patients who were, taking an oral contraceptive that balanced the LH/FSH level before the ovulation, which may have affected the results. Despite the potential influence of oral contraceptives on the LH/FSH ratio, a small proportion (7.5%) of the patients still exhibited values above 2, which is a hallmark feature of PCOS. This finding further supports the notion that, in addition to endocrine and metabolic disturbances, immune-mediated mechanisms such as the presence of anti-LH Ab and anti-FSH Ab, may contribute to ovarian dysfunction and reproductive impairment in affected women. In addition, findings indicated an elevation in LH concentrations, along with either normal or reduced FSH concentrations, in individuals with PCOS, as revealed by previous research. 21 The medications that some patients with PCOS were taking are vitamin D3, oral contraceptives, and metformin when samples were collected, the role of metformin and vitamin D in PCOS was to decrease the FSH level in women during post-menopause, and decreased LH levels in women with PCOS. 22 Some patients had been taking medications, such as metformin and vitamin D, which were prescribed by their physician at the time of sample collection. This treatment is commonly used in PCOS to improve hormonal balance by lowering LH levels and increasing FSH levels, thereby supporting ovulation and enhancing menstrual regularity. Additionally, metformin and vitamin D have a positive effect on BMI, and their combination is particularly effective in managing ovulatory dysfunction in patients with PCOS. 23 Insulin resistance in women with PCOS is reduced by metformin, thereby counteracting adverse metabolic and hormonal disturbances. This improvement is accompanied by enhanced GnRH pulsatility, decreased LH secretion, and reduced androgen production, and an increase in sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). Normalization of LH levels and the LH/FSH ratio in this manner is considered one of the most prominent therapeutic effects of metformin on fertility in women with PCOS. 24 FSH and LH are inhibited by anti-FSH antibody or anti-LH antibody trapping the hormones in the immune complex, and anti-FSH antibody prevents FSH hormone from binding to its receptor. 25 An earlier study showed that there was a higher level of anti-FSH antibody in (patients) with PCOS than (controls), the exact mechanism remains unclear, and a previous study suggested that the epitope of the beta- chain of FSH attacked by anti-FSH antibody, these Autoantibodies made the tissue of ovaries and the hormone receptors as target, where activated the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor, and disrupted the action of the hypothalamic-pituitary ovarian axis. The rate of anti-FSH antibody in this study, increased in female with PCOS, which is consistent with a previous study showing an elevation in anti-FSH antibody levels in women with PCOS, However, the anti-LH antibody level did not show that increase. As well as the current study showed a non-significant relationship between (BMI) and (anti-FSH antibody, anti-LH antibody, and the LH/FSH ratio). There was a non-significant decrease in anti-LH antibody levels, in obese patients and a non-significant increase in obese controls women. The results were the same for the non-obese (patients and controls). In obese and non-obese (patients and controls), the anti-FSH antibody, LH/FSH ratio, revealed a non-significant increase, as shown in earlier research. 26 In earlier study, alteration in reproductive hormones were identified in PCOS patients, with FSH levels being lower and LH levels elevated. Approximately, 64.5% of the women exhibited abnormal hormonal profiles involving FSH, LH, along with an increased LH/FSH ratio. The ratio of LH/FSH showed an inverse association with body mass index. Also, these hormonal changes, particularly the imbalance in LH, FSH, and their ratio, were related to clinical manifestations of PCOS, such as obesity, insulin resistance, and hyperandrogenism. 27 Previous study reported elevated LH levels in PCOS patients accompanied by detectable anti-LH antibodies. These findings suggest that serum anti-LH Abs could serve as a potential marker for PCOS. In line with this, the current study observed a negative correlation between LH and anti-LH Abs, supporting the proposed relationship. 28 As such, this study suggested a group of patients with PCOS and controls (healthy women), according to their ages, and if they have children (fertile), or not (infertile) to detect the fertility beside that (secondary infertility), and (primary infertility) in female with PCOS was clearly increased. However, the levels of anti-LH and anti-FSH antibody in primary infertile patients with PCOS were higher than those in secondary infertile patients with PCOS and controls. To review past research, infertility was defined as a primary infertility (when couples never had children for more than 12 months). Secondary infertility (when couples never had children after the last child they had, for more than 12 months), and the female was diagnosed with PCOS without taking any treatment. BMI is a numerical value that estimates a person’s body fat based on their weight and height, BMI in obese and overweight women is above 25, whereas that in low fat women is below 25. In an earlier study the women with a BMI less than 25 (normal weight) had fewer menstrual cycle irregularities than obese and overweight women. 29 5. Conclusion This study suggests that immune-mediated mechanisms, including increased in levels of anti-FSH antibodies, may contribute to hormonal imbalance and reproductive dysfunction in women with PCOS. An elevated LH level and LH/FSH ratio above 2 were observed in the PCOS group, with cases of primary and secondary infertility clear. Endocrine and metabolic factors remain important, considering that immune factors could improve patient assessment and fertility management. Future studies with larger sample sizes and advanced analyses are recommended to better understand these interactions and to guide targeted interventions. Ethical statement This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the College of Science, University of Baghdad (Ref.: CSEC/1124/0100, November 2024). All procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki. Written consent was obtained from each patient and control before the study started. Data availability statement All data supporting the findings of this study are available in the Zendo repository. The raw data of the paper was uploaded to zendo repository in the following DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17499229 30 2- Zendo: questionnaire and written consent form were uploaded as mentioned in the following Doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17499229 30 Data is available under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC-BY 4.0). Acknowledgment A great thanks to Iraqi Ministry of health, and to Dr. Zahraa Ali Mohammed Infertility consultant doctor. 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Alsaffar SF, Khaleel HM: Serological Evaluation of Anti- FSH antibody, and Anti- LH antibody In Iraqi women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Zendo. 2025. Comments on this article Comments (0) Version 3 VERSION 3 PUBLISHED 03 Dec 2025 ADD YOUR COMMENT Comment Author details Author details 1 Biology, University of Baghdad Al-Jaderyia Campus College of Science, Baghdad, Baghdad Governorate, Iraq 2 Biology, University of Baghdad Al-Jaderyia Campus College of Science, Baghdad, Baghdad Governorate, Iraq Sura F. Alsaffar Roles: Conceptualization, Formal Analysis, Methodology, Project Administration, Software, Supervision, Validation, Writing – Review & Editing Hiba M. Khaleel Roles: Data Curation, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Validation, Visualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation Competing interests No competing interests were disclosed. Grant information The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work. Article Versions (3) version 3 Revised Published: 04 May 2026, 14:1355 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.172281.3 version 2 Revised Published: 16 Feb 2026, 14:1355 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.172281.2 version 1 Published: 03 Dec 2025, 14:1355 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.172281.1 Copyright © 2025 Alsaffar SF and Khaleel HM. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Download Export To Sciwheel Bibtex EndNote ProCite Ref. Manager (RIS) Sente metrics Views Downloads F1000Research - - PubMed Central info_outline Data from PMC are received and updated monthly. - - Citations open_in_new 0 open_in_new 0 open_in_new SEE MORE DETAILS CITE how to cite this article Alsaffar SF and Khaleel HM. Serological Evaluation of Anti- FSH antibody, and Anti- LH antibody In Iraqi women with polycystic ovarian syndrome [version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :1355 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.172281.1 ) NOTE: If applicable, it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS track receive updates on this article Track an article to receive email alerts on any updates to this article. TRACK THIS ARTICLE Share Open Peer Review Current Reviewer Status: ? Key to Reviewer Statuses VIEW HIDE Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Version 1 VERSION 1 PUBLISHED 03 Dec 2025 Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Ach T. Reviewer Report For: Serological Evaluation of Anti- FSH antibody, and Anti- LH antibody In Iraqi women with polycystic ovarian syndrome [version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :1355 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.189997.r441802 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/14-1355/v1#referee-response-441802 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 31 Dec 2025 Taieb Ach , Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Pathophysiology, Sousse, Tunisia Approved with Reservations VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.189997.r441802 The authors reported the use of antiFSH and antiLH in PCOS patients , and their influence on the clinical, hormonal and diagnosis aspects. The research is original with novel results. This is a well written manuscript , with ... Continue reading READ ALL The authors reported the use of antiFSH and antiLH in PCOS patients , and their influence on the clinical, hormonal and diagnosis aspects. The research is original with novel results. This is a well written manuscript , with updated references. Here are my comments to improve it before acceptance : - Introduction is too long with a lot of references. The authors should state mainly the originality of the research. - AMH sampling is missing the diagnosis criteria. - The authors could update the number of follicles diagnosis in MENA region with a recent north african cutoff :( ref 1 ) - Add more details on PCOS phenotypes , and diagnosis criteria - Patients sampling is missing - Why in the results : androgen sampling is missing. - Is it necessary to have three numbers after decimals in each sampling ? - Add abbreviations under tables : NS etc .. - The results are original , however ; clinical implications are not welle explained. Add more details on cost, clinical applications. - Strength and limitations must be enhanced. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Partly Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Yes Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Partly If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Yes Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? Yes Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Yes References 1. Ach T, Guesmi A, Kalboussi M, Ben Abdessalem F, et al.: Validation of the follicular and ovarian thresholds by an 18-MHz ultrasound imaging in polycystic ovary syndrome: a pilot cutoff for North African patients. Therapeutic Advances in Reproductive Health . 2024; 18 . Publisher Full Text Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Reproductive Endocrinology I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Ach T. Reviewer Report For: Serological Evaluation of Anti- FSH antibody, and Anti- LH antibody In Iraqi women with polycystic ovarian syndrome [version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :1355 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.189997.r441802 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/14-1355/v1#referee-response-441802 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Author Response 16 Feb 2026 Hiba Khaleel , Biology, University of Baghdad Al-Jaderyia Campus College of Science, Baghdad, Iraq 16 Feb 2026 Author Response Comment 1: The response: The introduction has been shortened, and the originality regarding the role of anti-FSH antibody and anti-LH antibody in PCOS diagnosis and clinical implications has been preserved. ... Continue reading Comment 1: The response: The introduction has been shortened, and the originality regarding the role of anti-FSH antibody and anti-LH antibody in PCOS diagnosis and clinical implications has been preserved. Comment 2: The response: The diagnostic criteria have been clarified under the Materials and Methods section. The role of AMH measurement in relation to these criteria has been clarified. Comment 3: The response: The study was conducted exclusively on Iraqi women. Comment 4: The response: PCOS phenotypes were not specified in this study; it is beyond the scope of the study. Comment 5: The response: The patients' sampling has been included. Comment 6: The response: Androgen levels were not assessed in this study, as the focus was on other diagnostic criteria. Comment 7: The response: Yes, using 3 decimal places ensures higher precision and consistency in reporting the sampling data. Comment 8: The response: All abbreviations used in the table, e.g., (NS: Not Significant), have been clearly defined in the table footnotes. Comment 9: The response: The discussion section has been expanded to better explain the clinical implications of the findings. Additional details regarding potential cost-effectiveness and practical clinical applications of using anti-FSH and anti-LH antibodies in PCOS diagnosis have been included. Comment 1: The response: The introduction has been shortened, and the originality regarding the role of anti-FSH antibody and anti-LH antibody in PCOS diagnosis and clinical implications has been preserved. Comment 2: The response: The diagnostic criteria have been clarified under the Materials and Methods section. The role of AMH measurement in relation to these criteria has been clarified. Comment 3: The response: The study was conducted exclusively on Iraqi women. Comment 4: The response: PCOS phenotypes were not specified in this study; it is beyond the scope of the study. Comment 5: The response: The patients' sampling has been included. Comment 6: The response: Androgen levels were not assessed in this study, as the focus was on other diagnostic criteria. Comment 7: The response: Yes, using 3 decimal places ensures higher precision and consistency in reporting the sampling data. Comment 8: The response: All abbreviations used in the table, e.g., (NS: Not Significant), have been clearly defined in the table footnotes. Comment 9: The response: The discussion section has been expanded to better explain the clinical implications of the findings. Additional details regarding potential cost-effectiveness and practical clinical applications of using anti-FSH and anti-LH antibodies in PCOS diagnosis have been included. Competing Interests: The authors declare that there are no competing interests. Close Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENTS ON THIS REPORT Author Response 16 Feb 2026 Hiba Khaleel , Biology, University of Baghdad Al-Jaderyia Campus College of Science, Baghdad, Iraq 16 Feb 2026 Author Response Comment 1: The response: The introduction has been shortened, and the originality regarding the role of anti-FSH antibody and anti-LH antibody in PCOS diagnosis and clinical implications has been preserved. ... Continue reading Comment 1: The response: The introduction has been shortened, and the originality regarding the role of anti-FSH antibody and anti-LH antibody in PCOS diagnosis and clinical implications has been preserved. Comment 2: The response: The diagnostic criteria have been clarified under the Materials and Methods section. The role of AMH measurement in relation to these criteria has been clarified. Comment 3: The response: The study was conducted exclusively on Iraqi women. Comment 4: The response: PCOS phenotypes were not specified in this study; it is beyond the scope of the study. Comment 5: The response: The patients' sampling has been included. Comment 6: The response: Androgen levels were not assessed in this study, as the focus was on other diagnostic criteria. Comment 7: The response: Yes, using 3 decimal places ensures higher precision and consistency in reporting the sampling data. Comment 8: The response: All abbreviations used in the table, e.g., (NS: Not Significant), have been clearly defined in the table footnotes. Comment 9: The response: The discussion section has been expanded to better explain the clinical implications of the findings. Additional details regarding potential cost-effectiveness and practical clinical applications of using anti-FSH and anti-LH antibodies in PCOS diagnosis have been included. Comment 1: The response: The introduction has been shortened, and the originality regarding the role of anti-FSH antibody and anti-LH antibody in PCOS diagnosis and clinical implications has been preserved. Comment 2: The response: The diagnostic criteria have been clarified under the Materials and Methods section. The role of AMH measurement in relation to these criteria has been clarified. Comment 3: The response: The study was conducted exclusively on Iraqi women. Comment 4: The response: PCOS phenotypes were not specified in this study; it is beyond the scope of the study. Comment 5: The response: The patients' sampling has been included. Comment 6: The response: Androgen levels were not assessed in this study, as the focus was on other diagnostic criteria. Comment 7: The response: Yes, using 3 decimal places ensures higher precision and consistency in reporting the sampling data. Comment 8: The response: All abbreviations used in the table, e.g., (NS: Not Significant), have been clearly defined in the table footnotes. Comment 9: The response: The discussion section has been expanded to better explain the clinical implications of the findings. Additional details regarding potential cost-effectiveness and practical clinical applications of using anti-FSH and anti-LH antibodies in PCOS diagnosis have been included. Competing Interests: The authors declare that there are no competing interests. Close Report a concern COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Comments on this article Comments (0) Version 3 VERSION 3 PUBLISHED 03 Dec 2025 ADD YOUR COMMENT Comment keyboard_arrow_left keyboard_arrow_right Open Peer Review Reviewer Status info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Reviewer Reports Invited Reviewers 1 2 3 Version 3 (revision) 04 May 26 read Version 2 (revision) 16 Feb 26 read read Version 1 03 Dec 25 read Taieb Ach , Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Pathophysiology, Sousse, Tunisia Mohd Ashraf Ganie , Sheri Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India Nusrat Jahan , Sheri Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India Shahed Morshed , Bangladesh Medical University,, Dhaka,, Bangladesh Comments on this article All Comments (0) Add a comment Sign up for content alerts Sign Up You are now signed up to receive this alert Browse by related subjects keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2026 Morshed S. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 22 May 2026 | for Version 3 Shahed Morshed , Bangladesh Medical University,, Dhaka,, Bangladesh 0 Views copyright © 2026 Morshed S. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (0) Not Approved info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions The research methodology is not replicable. 1. The sampling technique seems a convenient sampling. The authors repeatedly mention random sampling. Needs explanation about the sampling frame and the type of random sampling. 2. The authors did not provide a sample size calculation or the power of the study with the current sample size. 3. The authors did not provide the diagnostic criteria used to define PCOS . 4. Those taking medications may alter the antibody levels; they did not mention the number of patients. Any adjustment by regression was not attempted . 5. Statistical analysis: t-test and chi-square tests are not used to compare percentages. 6. Table 3 and 4: Statistical tests name- Absent 7. The method of reporting p-values is not uniform. Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise PCOS, Diabetes, Obesity I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to state that I do not consider it to be of an acceptable scientific standard, for reasons outlined above. reply Respond to this report Responses (0) Morshed S. Peer Review Report For: Serological Evaluation of Anti- FSH antibody, and Anti- LH antibody In Iraqi women with polycystic ovarian syndrome [version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :1355 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.198200.r481530) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/14-1355/v3#referee-response-481530 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2026 Morshed S. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 25 Mar 2026 | for Version 2 Shahed Morshed , Bangladesh Medical University,, Dhaka,, Bangladesh 0 Views copyright © 2026 Morshed S. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (1) Not Approved info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Major correction: 1. Sampling technique: 'Random' is not clear. Please explain in details 2. Please provide the sample size calculation 3. The diagnostic criteria and the definition of each component are not described. LH/FSH ratio is not currently used in the diagnosis of PCOS. Diagnosis of PCOS also required exclusion of similar endocrinopathies, not described. 4. The study was conducted in an uncontrolled condition where some got different types of drugs. The number, dose, and amount are not described. How did these drugs affect the findings? They were not adjusted in the analysis. 5. Please provide details about the statistical analysis. An independent-samples test is conducted to compare means, not percentages. 6. Table 1: Describe the interpretations rather than simply describing the tables. 7. In the footnotes of all tables: Provide the name of statistical tests. 8. Table 4: No statistical analysis was shown 9. Table 5: Two columns with r- could not understand 10. Discussion: 'In line with this, the current study observed a negative correlation between LH and anti-LH Abs, supporting the proposed relationship': No correlation between LH and anti-LH Ab is provided Minor Abstract: 1. Replace 'about' with 'A total of' 2. Correct age range Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Partly Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? No Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? No If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? No Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? Partly Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Partly Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise PCOS, Diabetes, Obesity I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to state that I do not consider it to be of an acceptable scientific standard, for reasons outlined above. reply Respond to this report Responses (1) Author Response 04 May 2026 Hiba Khaleel, Biology, University of Baghdad Al-Jaderyia Campus College of Science, Baghdad, Iraq Dear reviewer, Thank you for your valuable comments and suggestions. We have carefully revised the manuscript in accordance with your feedback. Comment 1 response: We have clarified the sampling method in the method section. Comment 2 response: The sample size calculation has now been added to the methods section, including the formula and parameters used. Comment 3 response: The diagnostic criteria have been revised according to standard guidelines, and relevant details have been added. We also clarified the exclusion of other endocrine disorders. Comment 4 response: We have clarified that some participants were receiving medication (e.g., metformin and oral contraceptives) recently during sample collection, but they still meet PCOS criteria as diagnosed by a specialist. Comment 5 response: The statistical methods have been revised and clearly stated. Appropriate tests were used based on data type, and all tables now include the names of statistical tests and p-values. Comment 6 response: Interpretation of the findings has been added to the results section. Comment 7 response: All tables have been updated to include the appropriate statistical test in the footnotes. Comment 8 response: Statistical analysis, including p-values, has been added to table 4. Comment 9 response: Table 5 has been revised to clearly indicate the type of correlation (Pearson), and column descriptions have been added. Comment 10 response: The discussion section has been revised. Minor comments (Abstract): The abstract has been revised to include a total and an age range. We appreciate your insightful comments, which have significantly improved the quality of our manuscript. sincerely, Hiba Muhammed Khaleel. University of Baghdad/College of Science. View more View less Competing Interests There are no competing interests reply Respond Report a concern Morshed S. Peer Review Report For: Serological Evaluation of Anti- FSH antibody, and Anti- LH antibody In Iraqi women with polycystic ovarian syndrome [version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :1355 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.196070.r467849) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/14-1355/v2#referee-response-467849 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2026 Ganie M et al. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 12 Mar 2026 | for Version 2 Mohd Ashraf Ganie , Sheri Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India Nusrat Jahan , Sheri Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India 0 Views copyright © 2026 Ganie M et al. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (0) Approved With Reservations info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Despite providing valuable insights into the Serological Evaluation of Anti- FSH Antibody and Anti- LH antibody In Iraqi women with polycystic ovarian syndrome, this study has several limitations that should be considered when interpreting the findings. The study included only 65 patients with PCOS and 56 controls, which may limit the statistical power and generalizability of the findings. A larger sample size would allow more robust analysis and improve the reliability of associations between anti-gonadotropin antibodies and PCOS. Participants were recruited from Medical City Hospital and a few private infertility clinics in Baghdad, which may introduce selection bias. Therefore, the results may not represent the broader population of women with PCOS from different geographic or ethnic backgrounds. Some participants were receiving treatments such as metformin, vitamin D, and oral contraceptives at the time of sample collection. These medications can influence LH, FSH, and the LH/FSH ratio, potentially affecting the interpretation of hormonal and immunological results. The study evaluated only anti-FSH and anti-LH antibodies. Other immune markers and inflammatory cytokines that may contribute to autoimmune mechanisms in PCOS were not assessed, limiting a comprehensive understanding of the immune involvement in the disorder. Because the study used a cross-sectional design, it cannot establish causal relationships between anti-gonadotropin antibodies and the development or progression of PCOS. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether these antibodies contribute directly to disease pathogenesis. Key metabolic parameters commonly associated with PCOS, such as insulin resistance, lipid profile, and glucose tolerance, were not evaluated. Including these parameters could provide a more comprehensive picture of endocrine-metabolic interactions. Although BMI was analyzed, the study only categorized participants into BMI >25 and <25, which may not fully capture variations in adiposity or metabolic risk. More detailed anthropometric or metabolic assessments could improve the analysis. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Partly Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Yes Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Partly If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Yes Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? Yes Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Yes Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Endocrine Disorders We confirm that we have read this submission and believe that we have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however we have significant reservations, as outlined above. reply Respond to this report Responses (0) Ganie MA and Jahan N. Peer Review Report For: Serological Evaluation of Anti- FSH antibody, and Anti- LH antibody In Iraqi women with polycystic ovarian syndrome [version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :1355 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.196070.r465133) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/14-1355/v2#referee-response-465133 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2026 Ach T. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 31 Dec 2025 | for Version 1 Taieb Ach , Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Pathophysiology, Sousse, Tunisia 0 Views copyright © 2026 Ach T. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (1) Approved With Reservations info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions The authors reported the use of antiFSH and antiLH in PCOS patients , and their influence on the clinical, hormonal and diagnosis aspects. The research is original with novel results. This is a well written manuscript , with updated references. Here are my comments to improve it before acceptance : - Introduction is too long with a lot of references. The authors should state mainly the originality of the research. - AMH sampling is missing the diagnosis criteria. - The authors could update the number of follicles diagnosis in MENA region with a recent north african cutoff :( ref 1 ) - Add more details on PCOS phenotypes , and diagnosis criteria - Patients sampling is missing - Why in the results : androgen sampling is missing. - Is it necessary to have three numbers after decimals in each sampling ? - Add abbreviations under tables : NS etc .. - The results are original , however ; clinical implications are not welle explained. Add more details on cost, clinical applications. - Strength and limitations must be enhanced. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Partly Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Yes Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Partly If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Yes Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? Yes Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Yes References 1. Ach T, Guesmi A, Kalboussi M, Ben Abdessalem F, et al.: Validation of the follicular and ovarian thresholds by an 18-MHz ultrasound imaging in polycystic ovary syndrome: a pilot cutoff for North African patients. Therapeutic Advances in Reproductive Health . 2024; 18 . Publisher Full Text Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Reproductive Endocrinology I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. reply Respond to this report Responses (1) Author Response 16 Feb 2026 Hiba Khaleel, Biology, University of Baghdad Al-Jaderyia Campus College of Science, Baghdad, Iraq Comment 1: The response: The introduction has been shortened, and the originality regarding the role of anti-FSH antibody and anti-LH antibody in PCOS diagnosis and clinical implications has been preserved. Comment 2: The response: The diagnostic criteria have been clarified under the Materials and Methods section. The role of AMH measurement in relation to these criteria has been clarified. Comment 3: The response: The study was conducted exclusively on Iraqi women. Comment 4: The response: PCOS phenotypes were not specified in this study; it is beyond the scope of the study. Comment 5: The response: The patients' sampling has been included. Comment 6: The response: Androgen levels were not assessed in this study, as the focus was on other diagnostic criteria. Comment 7: The response: Yes, using 3 decimal places ensures higher precision and consistency in reporting the sampling data. Comment 8: The response: All abbreviations used in the table, e.g., (NS: Not Significant), have been clearly defined in the table footnotes. Comment 9: The response: The discussion section has been expanded to better explain the clinical implications of the findings. Additional details regarding potential cost-effectiveness and practical clinical applications of using anti-FSH and anti-LH antibodies in PCOS diagnosis have been included. View more View less Competing Interests The authors declare that there are no competing interests. reply Respond Report a concern Ach T. Peer Review Report For: Serological Evaluation of Anti- FSH antibody, and Anti- LH antibody In Iraqi women with polycystic ovarian syndrome [version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :1355 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.189997.r441802) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/14-1355/v1#referee-response-441802 Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved - the paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations - A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. 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