New Location Algorithm with Primary User Based on Scatter Information in Cognitive Radio

New Location Algorithm with Primary User Based on Scatter Information in Cognitive Radio | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article New Location Algorithm with Primary User Based on Scatter Information in Cognitive Radio Dan Ye, Kwang-Cheng Chen This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5785718/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract In cognitive radio network, if cognitive user conflicts with primary user during the spectrum sensing, it should concede avoiding the effect of communication with primary user. The paper initiates a new sensing method using scatter information around mobile users to locate primary user. The multi-group TOA (Time of Arrival) and AOA (Angle of Arrival) provided by two base stations are measured based on the single reflect statistics channel model under NLOS environment. An innovative location algorithm, proposed in this paper, which combines neural network with the weighted centroid algorithm to achieve primary user’s location. The proposed algorithm can make great improvement on the location accuracy by effectively mitigating NLOS error in cognitive radio networks. Another contribution of the proposed algorithm is the benefit to the cognitive performance which can be characterized by the probability of spectrum coexistence. The results under different simulation circumstances illustrate that the current location algorithm improves detection performance and location performance to obtain more exact probability of spectrum coexistence. cognitive radio wireless location scatter neural network centroid algorithm Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5785718","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":402057117,"identity":"3d734b84-07d2-40c7-991c-ba2e06ad3299","order_by":0,"name":"Dan Ye","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA0klEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDCCAyCCzYbH/nhj48MPJGhJk2E4c7jZWIIELYdtGG6ktwnwEKOD7/jZYxIfyg7zMM582MYgwWAnp9tAQIvkmbw0yRnn0nmYpRPbHhQwJBubHSCgxeBAjpk0b5s1D5t0YruBBMOBxG0EtZx/Yyb9t42Zh0fyYJsED1FabgBtYWxz5pGQYCRSi+SNN8aWPefSeAx4EoGBbECEX/jO5xje+FFmY2/Afvzhww8VdnIEtQABC1IEGhBWDgLMxCWTUTAKRsEoGLkAAHBJQjene7NYAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"National Taiwan University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Dan","middleName":"","lastName":"Ye","suffix":""},{"id":402057118,"identity":"f6ab2030-dac5-49d2-b695-0e6a4c6dedf6","order_by":1,"name":"Kwang-Cheng Chen","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"National Taiwan University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kwang-Cheng","middleName":"","lastName":"Chen","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-01-08 05:08:17","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5785718/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5785718/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":76374005,"identity":"bf5741d1-b539-4ab5-9155-a01c42b89467","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-02-15 21:16:24","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":886620,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"15.NewLocationAlgorithmwithPrimaryUserBasedonScatterInformationinCognitiveRadiodoublecolum.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5785718/v1_covered_e5cf01e2-89d9-4d3d-8365-919faabc644d.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"New Location Algorithm with Primary User Based on Scatter Information in Cognitive Radio","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"cognitive radio, wireless location, scatter, neural network, centroid algorithm","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5785718/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5785718/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eIn cognitive radio network, if cognitive user conflicts with primary user during the spectrum sensing, it should concede avoiding the effect of communication with primary user. 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