The Effects of the 6 February Earthquake Centred in Kahramanmaraş on Traumatic Stress and Eating Behaviours: A Case-Control Study

The Effects of the 6 February Earthquake Centred in Kahramanmaraş on Traumatic Stress and Eating Behaviours: A Case-Control Study | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article The Effects of the 6 February Earthquake Centred in Kahramanmaraş on Traumatic Stress and Eating Behaviours: A Case-Control Study Hakan Toğuç, Büşra Hökelek This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7165701/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 17 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Objective This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of traumatic stress caused by the earthquake centred in Kahramanmaraş on 6 February 2023 on eating behaviours. Method In this case-control study, individuals who directly experienced the earthquake (n = 602) were compared with those indirectly affected (n = 615); Participants completed an online survey providing sociodemographic information, earthquake experience, anthropometric data, and responses to the Post-Earthquake Trauma Level Determination Scale, Salzburg Emotional Eating Scale, SCOFF Eating Disorders Scale, and Mindful Eating Questionnaire. Results The study showed that trauma levels were significantly higher in individuals who experienced the earthquake, accompanied by an increased risk of eating disorders (p < 0.001). Additionally, a significant decrease was observed in mindful eating, particularly in the subdimensions of mindfulness (p < 0.001) and conscious nutrition (p = 0.008) in this group. Emotional eating behaviours were observed at high levels not only in individuals with traumatic experiences but also in all individuals prone to negative emotions such as anger (p = 0.002) and anxiety (p = 0.005). After the earthquake, women were found to have higher tendencies toward trauma, emotional eating caused by sadness, and eating disorders (p < 0.01, p = 0.04, p < 0.01, respectively). Earthquake experience and socio-demographic variables were found to be significant predictors of trauma level (Model 1: R²=0.248; F = 45.640; p < 0.001), emotional eating (Model 2: R²=0.074; F = 11.847; p < 0.001), mindful eating (Model 3: R²=0.062; F = 9.932; p < 0.001), and eating disorders (Model 4: R²=0.096; F = 15.423; p < 0.001). Conclusion Large-scale natural disasters have long-term effects not only on psychological but also on behavioural health. In the post-disaster period, it is critical for protective public health practices to assess individuals' mental health as well as their eating behaviours and to provide integrated psychosocial support and nutritional counselling. Earthquake traumatic stress eating behaviours emotional eating eating disorder mindful eating Figures Figure 1 Introduction Earthquakes are disasters that not only cause physical destruction but also have profound psychosocial effects that permanently alter people's lives. Turkey is a country with a high risk of earthquakes due to its geographical location and has experienced earthquakes throughout history that have caused significant loss of life and socio-economic destruction [ 1 ]. On 6 February 2023, two major earthquakes (Mw 7.7 and Mw 7.6) occurred in succession in southeastern Turkey, centred in Kahramanmaraş, causing significant loss of life and property across a wide geographical area covering 11 provinces, four of which were severely affected. This event has been recorded as one of the most destructive disasters in Turkish history. According to official data, over 50,000 people lost their lives, hundreds of thousands were injured, and millions faced severe hardships in terms of shelter, safety, and basic living needs [ 2 ]. It is known that such large-scale disasters can have both short-term and long-term psychological effects on individuals [ 3 ]. Trauma is a condition that arises as a result of an individual being exposed to a traumatic life event that poses a serious threat and causes psychological stress disorder [ 4 ]. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders following natural disasters [ 5 ]. Disruptions in food production and access, changes in living conditions, loss of property, death or disappearance of loved ones, injury, being trapped under debris, low income, inadequate social support, and low educational level are risk factors for PTSD [ 6 ]. Findings suggesting that PTSD may affect eating behaviours are particularly noteworthy among women and individuals with a tendency toward emotional eating [ 5 ]. The stress level that develops after trauma can affect both physiological and psychological eating responses, leading to overeating, loss of appetite, irregular eating times, and changes in body weight [ 7 ]. In a study conducted in Turkey, significant relationships were found between traumatic stress levels and emotional eating, uncontrolled eating, and insomnia in individuals directly or indirectly affected by an earthquake [ 8 ]. Eating behaviour is shaped not only by physiological hunger but also by psychological factors. Emotional eating, in particular, is defined as turning to food to cope with negative emotions and is often associated with high-calorie, carbohydrate-rich foods [ 9 ]. In the post-traumatic period, an increase in such eating behaviours can further worsen the individual's mental health and, in the long term, pave the way for physical health problems such as obesity [ 10 ]. Studies on the effect of stress caused by earthquakes on eating behaviours have shown that as an individual's stress level increases, so does their tendency to turn to emotional eating [ 5 , 8 ]. The effects of traumatic events on eating behaviour can also be explained at the neurobiological level. Activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis can affect appetite mechanisms by causing an increase in cortisol levels [ 11 ]. In addition, imbalances in neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine have been observed in individuals experiencing post-traumatic stress, and this has been associated with irregularities in eating behaviour [ 12 ]. In this context, it is of great importance to investigate how the traumatic experience caused by the 6 February earthquake centred in Kahramanmaraş has affected individuals' eating behaviours. Studies on the psychological effects of large-scale disasters such as the Kahramanmaraş earthquake have generally focused on anxiety and depression, but changes in eating behaviour have not been sufficiently investigated [ 13 ]. However, the disruption of eating habits in the post-disaster period emerges as a significant public health issue, both in terms of physical and mental health [ 14 ]. In this context, the aim of this study is to examine the impact of the 6 February Kahramanmaraş earthquake on traumatic stress levels and eating behaviours and to establish a foundation for nutrition interventions in the post-disaster period. Additionally, this study will assess the extent to which behavioural patterns such as emotional eating, mindful eating, and eating disorders have changed in relation to earthquake experience. Thus, the aim is to contribute to the development of intervention strategies at the individual level and the formulation of post-disaster nutritional policies at the societal level. Method This study was conducted between March and June 2025 in various cities across Turkey using an online survey to investigate the consequences of a natural disaster that affected 11 cities in Turkey on 6 February 2023. The study began after ethical approval was obtained in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration. Online consent was obtained during the participation process. Inclusion criteria for the study included residing in and being a citizen of the Republic of Turkey, being over 18 years of age, and voluntarily agreeing to participate in the study. Exclusion criteria included being under 18 years of age and unwillingness to participate in the study. Data Collection Tools The online survey used in the study was prepared using Google Forms, distributed to 1,633 participants via social media platforms (WhatsApp, Telegram, X, Instagram), and 1,217 participants completed the survey. The online survey consists of a socio-demographic information survey, an earthquake experience survey, anthropometric measurement results, the Post-Earthquake Trauma Level Determination Scale (PETLDS), the Salzburg Emotional Eating Scale (SEES), the SCOFF Eating Disorders Scale, and the Mindful Eating Questionnaire (MEQ). Socio-Demographic Information Questionnaire: Participants' age, gender, city of residence, marital status, education level, employment status, monthly income, smoking habits, and alcohol consumption were recorded. Earthquake Experience Questionnaire: Questions about whether participants experienced the 6 February 2023 Kahramanmaraş-centred earthquakes and whether they lost any close relatives in the earthquake were included. Anthropometric measurement results: Participants were asked about their height and weight. Based on the information provided by the participants, the Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated using the formula weight/(height) 2 . PETLDS: Developed by Tanhan and Kayri (2013), the scale consists of 5 sub-dimensions (Sleep Problems, Cognitive Organisation, Emotional, Arousal Limitation, Behavioural Problems) and 20 items. The lowest possible score on the scale is 20, and the highest possible score is 100. Higher scores on the scale indicate increased levels of earthquake-related distress and trauma among individuals [ 15 ]. SEES: Developed by Meule and colleagues (2018) at the University of Salzburg, the scale, whose reliability and validity in Turkish were established by Gültekin (2022), consists of 20 questions. The scale consists of four sub-dimensions (happiness, sadness, anger, and anxiety) [ 16 , 17 ]. SCOFF Eating Disorders Scale: Developed by Morgan and colleagues (1999) and translated into Turkish by Aydemir and colleagues (2015), this scale assesses eating disorders. The scale consists of 5 questions, with the lowest possible score being 0 and the highest possible score being 5 [ 18 , 19 ]. MEQ: Developed by Framson and colleagues (2009) and translated into Turkish by Köse and colleagues, this scale measures mindful eating. High scores are interpreted positively for all subscales (disinhibition, emotional eating, eating control, mindfulness, eating discipline, conscious nutrition, interference (affected by external factors)). The scale also provides a total mindful eating score. The higher the score, the higher the mindful eating [ 20 , 21 ]. Study Design Turkey is a country with a high risk of earthquakes due to its geographical location on active fault lines. While earthquakes of various magnitudes frequently occur throughout the country, the two major earthquakes that struck Kahramanmaraş on 6 February 2023, measuring 7.7 and 7.6 in magnitude, stand out from other earthquakes in terms of both their intensity and the scale of destruction they caused. These earthquakes have left lasting psychological and physiological effects on individuals living in the region due to the aftershocks that continued for approximately two years and caused widespread damage (AFAD, 2023). This study was designed as a case-control study to compare the effects of the 6 February 2023 earthquake on traumatic stress and eating behaviours. The case group consisted of individuals living in the provinces of Adana, Adıyaman, Diyarbakır, Elazığ, Gaziantep, Hatay, Kahramanmaraş, Kilis, Malatya, Osmaniye and Şanlıurfa which were most severely affected by the earthquake, and who had direct experience of the earthquake; the control group was selected from individuals who felt the effects of the earthquake to a lesser extent and who lived outside these provinces. This approach aims to more clearly reveal the effects of the traumatic stress caused by the earthquake on eating behaviours. A total of 1,217 participants were reached in the study, 602 of whom were adults living in areas directly affected by the earthquake, and 615 of whom were adults living in other cities less affected by the earthquake. Participant selection was carried out randomly using social media tools. The cities from which participants joined are shown in Fig. 1 . Statistical Analysis All data obtained in this study were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 25.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) software. Descriptive statistics for the data included mean and standard deviation values for continuous variables and frequency and percentage distributions for categorical variables. The normality of the data distribution was examined using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, histogram graphs, and skewness-kurtosis values within the ± 2.00 range. The Chi-square test was applied in the analysis of categorical variables. In pairwise group comparisons, the independent samples t-test was preferred when the data showed a normal distribution, and the Mann-Whitney U test, a nonparametric test, was preferred when the data did not show a normal distribution. To determine the direction and strength of the relationships between continuous variables, Pearson's correlation coefficient and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient were used. Additionally, multiple linear regression analyses were performed to examine the effects of different independent variables on eating behaviours. In all statistical analyses, the significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results General information about the participants is provided in Table 1 . According to this, 78.24% of those who experienced the earthquake and 49.76% of those who did not experience the earthquake were female. The average age of participants who experienced the earthquake was 22.40 ± 6.26 years, the average height was 166.26 ± 8.19 cm, the average body weight was 63.58 ± 13.83 kg, and the average BMI was 22.93 ± 4.50 kg/m². The average age of participants who did not experience the earthquake was 25.60 ± 8.98 years, the average height was 170.25 ± 9.17 cm, the average body weight was 70.57 ± 13.48 kg, and the average BMI was 24.24 ± 3.67 kg/m2. The majority of both the earthquake-experienced and non-experienced groups were single (90.53% and 77.40%, respectively) and university students (71.59% and 57.40%, respectively). When participants were classified according to BMI, 64.45% of those who experienced the earthquake and 58.05% of those who did not were classified as normal (p < 0.001 for all values). Most participants who experienced the earthquake and those who did not have income equal to their expenses (48.01% and 44.55%, respectively; p = 0.020), and most did not smoke (82.06% and 73.98%, respectively; p = 0.001) or drink alcohol (96.68% and 91.22%, respectively; p < 0.0 01). Table 1 General characteristics of participants according to their earthquake experience Participant characteristics Earthquake-experienced (n = 602) Non-experienced (n = 615) p n % n % Gender Female 471 78,24 306 49,76 0,000 χ² Male 131 21,76 309 50,24 Marital Single 545 90,53 476 77,40 0,000 χ² Married 57 9,47 139 22,60 Working Working 70 11,63 228 37,07 0,000 χ² Not working 97 16,11 34 5,53 Retired 4 0,66 0 0,00 Student 431 71,59 353 57,40 Losing a loved one in an earthquake No one 475 78,90 591 96,10 0,000 χ² Mother 3 0,50 0 0,00 Father 0 0,00 0 0,00 Sibling 0 0,00 1 0,20 Second-degree relatives 124 20,60 23 3,70 Monthly income Income is less than expenditure 203 33,72 188 30,57 0,020 χ² Income is equal to expenditure 289 48,01 274 44,55 Income is more than expenditure 110 18,27 153 24,88 Smoking Yes 108 17,94 160 26,02 0,001 χ² None 494 82,06 455 73,98 Alcohol Yes 20 3,32 54 8,78 0,000 χ² None 582 96,68 561 91,22 Education Illiterate 1 0,17 1 0,16 0,000 χ² Primary school 1 0,17 1 0,16 Middle school 8 1,33 5 0,81 High school 69 11,46 49 7,97 University 515 85,55 509 82,76 Postgraduate 8 1,33 50 8,13 BMI Classification Underweight 66 10,96 25 4,07 0,000 χ² Normal 388 64,45 357 58,05 Pre-obesity 109 18,11 194 31,54 Class I obesity 32 5,32 36 5,85 Class II obesity 4 0,66 2 0,33 Class III obesity 3 0,50 1 0,16 Mean SD Mean SD Age (years) 22,40 6,26 25,60 8,98 0,000 U Height (cm) 166,26 8,19 170,25 9,17 0,000 U Body weight (kg) 63,58 13,83 70,57 13,48 0,000 t BMI (kg/m 2 ) 22,93 4,50 24,24 3,67 0,000 U BMI: Body Mass Index; χ² : Chi-square test; U : Mann-Whitney U test; t: Independent t-test; p < 0.05. Table 2 compares trauma levels, emotional eating, mindful eating, and eating disorders according to earthquake experience. In the group that experienced the earthquake, the total score on the post-earthquake trauma level determination scale and the scores on the subscales (sleep problems, cognitive organisation, emotional, affective limitations, behavioural problems) other than the affective subscale were higher than in the group that did not experience the earthquake (p < 0.001 for all values). These results support the finding that trauma levels are higher in individuals affected by the earthquake. The Salzburg Emotional Eating Scale anger (p = 0.002) and anxiety (p = 0.005) subscale scores were significantly higher in the group that did not experience the earthquake. When comparing mindful eating questionnaire scores, the eating control (p < 0.001) and interference (p < 0.001) subscale scores were significantly higher in the group that experienced the earthquake, while the mindfulness (p < 0.001) and conscious nutrition (p = 0.008) subscale scores were significantly higher in the group that did not experience the earthquake. The SCOFF eating disorders scale score was found to be significantly higher in the group that experienced the earthquake, supporting the notion that individuals affected by the earthquake are a higher-risk group in terms of eating disorders (p = 0.001). Table 2 Trauma Level and Eating Behaviour Information Based on Earthquake Experience Earthquake-experienced (n = 602) Non-experienced (n = 615) p Mean SD Mean SD PETLDS Sleep Problems 7.43 3.34 4.50 2.54 0,000 U Cognitive Organisation 11.27 4.49 6.59 3.50 0,000 t Emotional 10.10 2.36 11.10 1.90 0,000 U Affective Limitations 11.38 5.58 7.23 3.93 0,000 U Behavioural Problems 8.18 3.76 5.19 2.32 0,000 U PETLDS Score 48.35 15.23 34.61 10.30 0,000 U SEES Happiness 3.16 0.96 3.09 0.99 0,217 t Sadness 2.54 1.13 2.62 1.04 0,188 t Anger 2.36 1.07 2.55 1.02 0,002 t Anxiety 2.27 1.14 2.45 1.07 0,005 t SEES Score 2.58 0.86 2.68 0.86 0,057 t MEQ Disinhibition 3.37 0.86 3.36 0.89 0,934 t Emotional Eating 3.45 0.96 3.52 1.00 0,267 t Eating Control 3.63 0.77 3.44 0.79 0,000 t Mindfulness 3.09 0.43 3.19 0.46 0,000 t Eating Discipline 2.73 0.73 2.79 0.85 0,138 t Conscious Nutrition 3.07 0.48 3.15 0.49 0,008 t Interference 3.72 0.86 3.45 0.98 0,000 t MEQ Score 3.26 0.39 3.26 0.46 0,898 t SCOFF Eating Disorders Scale 1.24 1.24 1.22 1.02 0.001 t PETLDS: Post-Earthquake Trauma Level Determination Scale, SEES: Salzburg Emotional Eating Scale, MEQ: Mindful Eating Questionnaire, U : Mann-Whitney U; t: Independent t-test; p < 0.05. Table 3 provides information on the relationship between post-earthquake trauma level and emotional eating, mindful eating, and eating disorders. Accordingly, a moderate positive correlation was found between the total score of the post-earthquake trauma level determination scale and the happiness subscale (r = 0.056, p = 0.049), and a low positive correlation was found between the SCOFF eating disorders scale score (r = 0.246, p < 0.001). The subdimensions of disinhibition (r=-0.129, p < 0.001), emotional eating (r=-0.122, p < 0.001), conscious nutrition (r = -0.110, p < 0.001) subscales, and the total score of the mindful eating scale (r=-0.153, p < 0.001) showed a low-level negative correlation, the eating control (r=-0.062, p = 0.032) subscale showed a moderate-level negative correlation, and a high-level negative relationship was found between the subscale of mindfulness (r = -0.085, p = 0.003). Table 3 Relationship between post-earthquake trauma level and eating behaviour Eating Behaviours PETLDS Sleep Problems Cognitive Organisation Emotional Affective Limitations Behavioural Problems PETLDS Score SEES Happiness r 0.047 0.115 ** -0.094 ** 0.045 0.032 0,056 * p 0.101 P 0.000 P 0.001 P 0.120 P 0.267 P 0,049 P Sadness r -0.027 0.031 0.018 0.031 -0.050 0,006 p 0.344 P 0.281 P 0.527 P 0.278 P 0.083 P 0,839 P Anger r -0.034 -0.002 0.033 0.021 -0.043 -0,006 p 0.233 P 0.942 P 0.256 P 0.474 P 0.132 P 0,826 P Anxiety r -0.019 0.005 0.032 0.025 -0.026 0,005 p 0.512 P 0.870 P 0.259 P 0.388 P 0.362 P 0,868 P SEES Score r -0.012 0.043 0.000 0.037 -0.028 0,017 p 0.683 P 0.134 P 0.987 P 0.203 P 0.325 P 0,546 P MEQ Disinhibition r -0.068 * -0.124 ** -0.036 -0.152 ** -0.064 * -0,129 ** p 0.018 P 0.000 P 0.210 P 0.000 P 0.026 P 0,000 P Emotional Eating r -0.046 -0.118 ** -0.045 -0.145 ** -0.065 * -0,122 ** p 0.106 P 0.000 P 0.114 P 0.000 P 0.023 P 0,000 P Eating Control r -0.030 0.001 -0.125 ** -0.087 ** -0.022 -0,062 * p 0.290 P 0.975 P 0.000 P 0.002 P 0.448 P 0,032 P Mindfulness r -0.090 ** -0.049 0.012 -0.079 ** -0.095 ** -0,085 ** p 0.002 P 0.086 P 0.663 P 0.006 P 0.001 P 0,003 P Eating Discipline r -0.047 -0.001 -0.077 ** -0.035 -0.074 * -0,052 p 0.099 P 0.970 P 0.008 P 0.228 P 0.010 P 0,069 P Conscious Nutrition r -0.072 * -0.119 ** 0.000 -0.111 ** -0.069 * -0,110 ** p 0.012 P 0.000 P 0.994 P 0.000 P 0.016 P 0,000 P Interference r 0.047 0.031 -0.110 ** -0.014 0.034 0,007 p 0.099 P 0.282 P 0.000 P 0.634 P 0.239 P 0,805 P MEQ Score r -0.082 ** -0.114 ** -0.093 ** -0.174 ** -0.095 ** -0,153 ** p 0.004 P 0.000 P 0.001 P 0.000 P 0.001 P 0,000 P SCOFF Eating Disorders Scale r 0,189 ** 0.231 ** 0.023 0.222 ** 0.200 ** 0.246 ** p 0.000 P 0.000 P 0.418 P 0.000 P 0.000 P 0.000 P PETLDS: Post-Earthquake Trauma Level Determination Scale, SEES: Salzburg Emotional Eating Scale, MEQ: Mindful Eating Questionnaire, P : Pearson Correlation test, S : Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, p < 0.05. The post-earthquake trauma level determination scale showed a high negative correlation with the sleep problems subscale and the mindfulness (r=-0.090, p = 0.002) and conscious nutrition (r=-0.072, p = 0.012) subscales, as well as with the total score of the mindful eating questionnaire (r=-0.082, p = 0.004) level, while a low positive correlation was found between the SCOFF eating disorders scale score (r = 0.189, p < 0.001) and the post-earthquake trauma level determination scale. The cognitive organisation subscale of the post-earthquake trauma level determination scale showed a low negative correlation with disinhibition (r=-0.124, p < 0.001), emotional eating (r = -0.118, p < 0.001), conscious nutrition (r = -0.119, p < 0.001), and total score on the mindful eating questionnaire (r=-0.114, p < 0.001), and happiness (r = 0.115, p < 0.001) and SCOFF eating disorders scale score (r = 0.231, p < 0.001) showed a low-level positive correlation. The affective subscale of the post-earthquake trauma level determination scale was found to have a low-level negative correlation with happiness (r=-0.094, p = 0.001), eating control (r=-0.125, p < 0.001), eating discipline (r=-0.077, p = 0.008), interference (r=-0.110, p < 0.001) subdimensions, and the total score of the mindful eating questionnaire (r=-0.093, p = 0.001). The post-earthquake trauma level determination scale affective limitations subscale was found to have a negative correlation with disinhibition (r = -0.152, p < 0.001), emotional eating (r = -0.145, p < 0.001), eating control (r = -0.087, p = 0.002), mindfulness (r=-0.079, p = 0.006), conscious nutrition (r=-0.111, p < 0.001) subscales, and the total score of the mindful eating questionnaire (r=-0.174, p < 0.001). A low-level positive correlation was found between the SCOFF eating disorders scale score (r = 0.222, p < 0.001) and the following subscales: mindfulness (r = -0.095, p = 0.001), eating discipline (r = -0.074, p = 0.010), conscious nutrition (r = -0.069, p = 0.016), the total score of the mindful eating questionnaire (r=-0.095, p = 0.001) were found to have a low negative correlation, and the SCOFF eating disorders scale score (r = 0.200, p < 0.001) was found to have a low positive correlation. Table 4 compares the relationship between trauma level, emotional eating, mindful eating, and eating disorders according to gender. According to this, in women, the total score of the post-earthquake trauma level determination scale (p < 0.001), sleep problems (p < 0.001), cognitive structuring (p < 0.001), emotional (p < 0.001), affective limitations (p < 0.001), behavioural problems (p < 0.001), sadness (p = 0.004), eating control (p < 0.001), conscious nutrition (p = 0.003), interference (p = 0.040), and SCOFF eating disorders scale scores (p < 0.001); emotional (p = 0.001) and emotional eating (p < 0.001) scores were significantly higher in males. Table 4 Trauma level and eating behaviours by gender Female Male p Mean SD Mean SD DSTD Sleep Problems 6.44 3.36 5.08 3.01 0,000 t Cognitive Organisation 9.85 4.73 7.24 3.98 0,000 t Emotional 10.45 2.20 10.88 2.17 0,001 t Affective Limitations 9.98 5.44 8.05 4.63 0,000 U Behavioural Problems 7.23 3.66 5.67 2.81 0,000 U PETLDS Score 43.95 15.30 36.92 12.29 0,000 U SEES Happiness 3.15 0.95 3.09 1.00 0,261 t Sadness 2.65 1.14 2.47 0.98 0,004 t Anger 2.47 1.09 2.43 0.96 0,458 t Anxiety 2.37 1.16 2.34 1.01 0,639 t SEES Score 2.66 0.89 2.58 0.81 0,113 t MEQ Disinhibition 3.37 0.89 3.36 0.84 0,855 t Emotional Eating 3.37 1.00 3.69 0.91 0,000 t Eating Control 3.63 0.78 3.36 0.75 0,000 t Mindfulness 3.14 0.43 3.15 0.47 0,574 t Eating Discipline 2.76 0.77 2.76 0.84 0,992 t Conscious Nutrition 3.14 0.47 3.05 0.52 0,003 t Interference 3.63 0.92 3.51 0.96 0,040 t MEQ Score 3.26 0.43 3.26 0.41 0,891 t SCOFF Eating Disorders Scale 1.27 1.19 0.89 1.08 0.000 U PETLDS: Post-Earthquake Trauma Level Determination Scale, SEES: Salzburg Emotional Eating Scale, MEQ: Mindful Eating Questionnaire, U : Mann-Whitney U; t: Independent t-test; p < 0.05. Multiple regression analyses conducted to examine the effect of socio-demographic variables associated with post-earthquake trauma levels and eating behaviours are presented in Table 5 . Table 5 Predictive Effect of Earthquake Experience and Socio-demographic Variables on Trauma and Eating Behaviours %95 Cl p B SE β Lover Upper PETLDS Age 0.017 0.072 0.009 -0.124 0.159 0.813 Gender -2.970 0.820 -0.097 -4.580 -1.361 0.000 Marital status 1.709 1.482 0.043 -1.199 4.617 0.249 Educational status 1.973 0.807 0.063 0.390 3.557 0.015 Employment status -0.532 0.365 -0.048 -1.248 0.184 0.145 Income status -1.802 0.518 -0.089 -2.819 -0.786 0.001 BMI 0.003 0.531 0.000 -1.039 1.045 0.995 Experience of earthquakes -12.246 0.810 -0.417 -13.835 -10.657 0.000 Loss of loved ones in earthquakes 1.200 0.290 0.107 0.632 1.769 0.000 Model 1. R 2 :0.248 F :45.640 p:0.000 SEES Age -0.013 0.005 -0.115 -0.022 -0.003 0.008 Gender -0.210 0.054 -0.117 -0.315 -0.105 0.000 Marital status -0.071 0.097 -0.030 -0.261 0.119 0.465 Educational status 0.045 0.053 0.024 -0.059 0.148 0.395 Employment status -0.028 0.024 -0.043 -0.075 0.018 0.234 Income status 0.144 0.034 0.121 0.077 0.210 0.000 BMI 0.295 0.035 0.252 0.227 0.363 0.000 Experience of earthquakes 0.099 0.053 0.057 -0.005 0.203 0.062 Loss of loved ones in earthquakes 0.007 0.019 0.011 -0.030 0.044 0.709 Model 2. R 2 :0.074 F :11.847 p:0.000 MEQ Age 0.005 0.002 0.088 0.000 0.009 0.043 Gender 0.028 0.027 0.031 -0.025 0.080 0.299 Marital status -0.152 0.048 -0.131 -0.246 -0.058 0.002 Educational status -0.006 0.026 -0.007 -0.057 0.045 0.817 Employment status 0.013 0.012 0.039 -0.010 0.036 0.280 Income status 0.000 0.017 0.001 -0.033 0.033 0.983 BMI -0.142 0.017 -0.247 -0.176 -0.108 0.000 Experience of earthquakes -0.016 0.026 -0.019 -0.067 0.036 0.544 Loss of loved ones in earthquakes -0.016 0.009 -0.049 -0.034 0.002 0.090 Model 3. R 2 : 0.062 F : 9.932 p:0.000 SCOFF Eating Disorders Scale Age 0.005 0.006 0.036 -0.007 0.018 0.396 Gender -0.498 0.072 -0.205 -0.638 -0.357 0.000 Marital status 0.053 0.129 0.017 -0.201 0.307 0.681 Educational status -0.056 0.071 -0.023 -0.195 0.082 0.426 Employment status -0.001 0.032 -0.001 -0.063 0.062 0.981 Income status -0.035 0.045 -0.021 -0.123 0.054 0.445 BMI 0.432 0.046 0.273 0.341 0.523 0.000 Experience of earthquakes -0.140 0.071 -0.060 -0.279 -0.001 0.048 Loss of loved ones in earthquakes 0.034 0.025 0.038 -0.016 0.083 0.184 Model 4. R 2 :0.096 F :15.423 p:0.000 PETLDS: Post-Earthquake Trauma Level Determination Scale, SEES: Salzburg Emotional Eating Scale, MEQ: Mindful Eating Questionnaire, B: Regression coefficient, SE: Standard Error, β: Standardised Coefficient, CI: Confidence Interval. R²: Explanatory Power of the Model, F: ANOVA Test Statistic. The dependent variables are, in order: Post-Earthquake Trauma Level, Emotional Eating, Mindful Eating, and Eating Disorder Level, p < 0.05 In Model 1, the effect of socio-demographic variables on post-earthquake trauma levels was examined, and the model was found to be significant (R²=0.248; F = 45.640; p < 0.001). The independent variables explain 24.8% of the variation in post-earthquake trauma levels. Gender was found to significantly predict trauma levels (B = -2.970; p < 0.001). Women's trauma scores were higher than men's. An increase in education level had a significant effect in increasing the level of trauma (B = 1.973; p = 0.015). As income decreased, the level of trauma increased (B = -1.802; p = 0.001). Additionally, having experienced an earthquake (B = -12.246; β = -0.417; p < 0.001) and experiencing the loss of a loved one in an earthquake (B = 1.200; p < 0.001) were the strongest predictors of trauma levels. In Model 2, the effect of socio-demographic variables on emotional eating was examined, and the model was found to be significant (R²=0.074; F = 11.847; p < 0.001). The independent variables explain 7.4% of the variation in emotional eating. Increasing age was found to be associated with a decrease in emotional eating behaviour (B = -0.013; p = 0.008). Female gender was found to be associated with higher levels of emotional eating compared to males (B = -0.210; p < 0.001). As income increased, emotional eating scores also increased significantly (B = 0.144; p < 0.001). Additionally, emotional eating scores were found to increase as body mass index (BMI) increased (B = 0.295; β = 0.252; p < 0.001). The effect of having experienced an earthquake on emotional eating was found to be marginally significant (p = 0.062). In Model 3, the effect of socio-demographic variables on mindful eating was examined, and the model was found to be significant (R²=0.062; F = 9.932; p < 0.001). The independent variables explain 6.2% of the variation in mindful eating. Mindful eating increased with age (B = 0.005; p = 0.043). Marital status had a negative and significant effect on mindful eating (B = -0.152; p = 0.002). BMI was found to be the strongest predictor of mindful eating. As BMI increases, mindful eating decreases significantly (B = -0.142; β = -0.247; p < 0.001). In Model 4, the effect of socio-demographic variables on eating disorders was examined, and the model was found to be significant (R²=0.096; F = 15.423; p < 0.001). The independent variables explain 9.6% of the variation in eating disorders. Gender was one of the variables that significantly predicted eating disorder scores, with higher scores observed in women (B = -0.498; β = -0.205; p < 0.001). Additionally, BMI emerged as the variable with the most significant effect on eating disorder scores (B = 0.432; β = 0.273; p < 0.001). Having experienced an earthquake was associated with a significant reduction in eating disorder scores (B=-0.140; p = 0.048). Discussion This study examined the traumatic stress caused by the earthquake centred in Kahramanmaraş and its relationship with different eating behaviours (emotional eating, mindful eating and eating disorders) and assessed the impact of the earthquake and the aftershocks that lasted for approximately two years on people. In this study, it was found that individuals who experienced the earthquake had higher levels of post-traumatic stress and higher scores on all subscales of the scale, including sleep problems, cognitive organisation, emotional, affective limitations, and behavioural problems, compared to those who did not experience the earthquake. Additionally, the higher emotional eating scores in anger and anxiety states among individuals who did not experience the earthquake suggest that emotional eating behaviours may develop not only in response to trauma but also to daily stressors. Kuijer and Boyce (2012) reported in their study conducted in New Zealand that individuals with a high tendency toward emotional eating increased their food intake after the disaster [ 7 ]; Oz & Cona also suggested that this behaviour is not always directly linked to trauma but can be shaped by social media influences and individual characteristics [ 22 ]. Tayhan and Korkmaz (2025) reported in their study conducted with 708 adults following the Kahramanmaraş earthquake that post-traumatic stress levels increased significantly and were associated with behavioural symptoms such as sleep disorders and emotional eating [ 23 ]. Similarly, Yılmaz and Doğan (2025) reported in their study with 515 adults that there was a positive correlation between post-earthquake traumatic stress and insomnia, and that post-earthquake traumatic stress also increased emotional and uncontrolled eating behaviours [ 8 ]. Lower mindfulness and conscious nutrition scores among individuals who experienced the earthquake in the sub-dimensions of mindful eating indicate that stress negatively affects eating habits. Furthermore, the significantly higher eating disorder scores among those who experienced the earthquake confirm this situation. İslamoğlu (2024) found that even individuals who were affected by the Kahramanmaraş earthquake to a fourth degree experienced significant changes in meal frequency and content [ 24 ]. Additionally, Carmassi et al. (2015) reported that eating disorders and changes in appetite were more common among earthquake survivors diagnosed with stress disorders after the L'Aquila earthquake [ 5 ]. The observation of behavioural adaptation issues in post-traumatic individuals is an expected outcome. The findings of this study confirm that natural disasters have long-term effects not only on physical health but also on fundamental behavioural areas such as nutrition. It has been shown that these effects can arise both directly (experiencing the earthquake) and indirectly (media exposure) [ 25 ]. It is thought that, in addition to those who experienced the earthquake, those who did not experience it may also be affected by aftershocks or through the media. In this study, it was found that cognitive organisation levels only affected emotional eating during moments of ‘happiness’ when comparing post-earthquake trauma levels with eating behaviours. This suggests that eating behaviours can also be used to cope with positive emotions. Kuijer and Boyce (2012) similarly reported that individuals with a high tendency toward emotional eating after an earthquake exhibited excessive eating behaviour, particularly during stressful periods [ 7 ]. Additionally, Hall and colleagues (2015) found that PTSD was associated with unhealthy eating habits [ 26 ]. This suggests that trauma can trigger emotional eating behaviours not only during negative emotions but also during some positive emotions. Due to the disruptions trauma causes in the reward system, moments of happiness may also be reinforced through eating [ 27 ]. The relationship between mindful eating and its subdimensions and the level of trauma and its subdimensions was examined, and the detection of negative relationships in all subdimensions indicates that trauma disrupts or negatively affects various components of eating behaviour. Similarly, Yılmaz and Doğan (2025) reported negative relationships between PTSD and mindless eating and uncontrolled eating behaviours after an earthquake [ 8 ]. The impact of trauma on cognitive functioning can disrupt decision-making and self-awareness processes. These disruptions may lead to the automatisation of eating behaviours and a decrease in mindfulness [ 28 , 29 ]. Significant positive correlations have been found between eating disorders and trauma levels. This clearly demonstrates the general effect of trauma on eating disorders. These findings are consistent with the research by Carmassi and colleagues (2015), which highlights the strong connection between PTSD and eating disorders [ 5 ]. Similarly, Tayhan and Korkmaz's (2025) study noted that the risk of eating disorders increases after an earthquake and that this situation threatens individuals' physical and mental health [ 23 ]. This study examined the relationship between gender, trauma level, emotional eating, mindful eating, and eating disorders. The findings revealed that women who experienced the 6 February earthquake centred in Kahramanmaraş had higher trauma levels than men, exhibited higher levels of sad emotional eating behaviour, were more mindful eaters, and had higher interference scores and higher eating disorder scores. Jin and colleagues (2014) found that women had higher levels of post-traumatic stress disorder than men in a study conducted one year after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake with 2,300 earthquake victims [ 30 ]. Similarly, Dell’Osso and colleagues (2013) reported that women exhibited significantly more trauma symptoms than men after the L’Aquila earthquake [ 31 ]. Akbar and Witruk (2016) noted that this difference was due to women seeking more help and using more coping strategies [ 32 ]. Pyari and Ravindran (2016) noted that women are under greater psychological strain due to their social roles and caregiving responsibilities, making them more prone to developing psychological responses such as eating disorders [ 33 ]. These findings indicate that gender plays a decisive role in the psychological effects and eating behaviours following natural disasters. Women's higher levels of trauma may lead to increased emotional eating tendencies and eating disorder risks, highlighting the need for support mechanisms to be tailored to gender. The multiple regression analyses in this study revealed in detail the effects of socio-demographic variables on post-earthquake trauma levels, emotional eating, mindful eating, and eating disorders. The findings show that gender, age, education, income, BMI, marital status, and earthquake experience are significant determinants of these psychological and behavioural responses. It was found that women had significantly higher trauma levels than men. This finding is consistent with the study by Jin and colleagues (2014), which showed that women had higher PTSD and post-traumatic growth scores than men [ 30 ]. Low income and earthquake experience were also found to be key factors contributing to increased trauma. Additionally, Pyari & Ravindran (2016) found that low socioeconomic groups experienced higher levels of trauma after natural disasters [ 33 ]. Furthermore, the increase in trauma scores with higher education levels suggests that as knowledge and awareness increase, so does the perception of trauma [ 34 ]. Furthermore, the fact that individuals with higher income levels exhibit more emotional eating behaviour suggests that access to resources may enable emotional regulation through eating [ 35 ]. The study found that mindful eating increases with age, decreases with marital status (especially among married individuals), and decreases with increasing BMI. This negative relationship between BMI and awareness can be explained by the fact that obese individuals often exhibit automatic and uncontrolled eating behaviours. These findings are consistent with Carmassi et al. (2015)’s study examining eating behaviours in individuals diagnosed with PTSD [ 5 ]. In the eating disorder model, the strongest predictors were gender and BMI. Women and individuals with higher BMI scores had higher eating disorder scores. This finding supports the results of Pyari and Ravindran (2016), which show that women are more sensitive to trauma and eating disorders [ 33 ]. Similarly, experiencing an earthquake was associated with higher eating disorder scores. This suggests that some individuals may develop post-traumatic loss of appetite, avoidance behaviours, or overly controlled eating behaviours [ 36 ]. The findings of this study indicate that the relationship between eating behaviours and trauma is strongly linked not only to psychological factors but also to socio-demographic factors. Variables such as gender, age, income, education, and body mass index should be considered when understanding and intervening in post-disaster eating behaviours. Conclusion This study revealed the effects of the 6 February 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake on individuals' psychological state and eating behaviours, demonstrating that natural disasters leave deep scars not only on physical health but also on mental and behavioural health. The significantly higher trauma levels observed in individuals who experienced the earthquake and the meaningful relationship between this condition and mindful eating and eating disorder indicators suggest that disasters may have lasting effects on eating behaviours. It has been shown that women are more sensitive to trauma and that emotional eating behaviours and the risk of eating disorders are more pronounced in this group. Additionally, it has been found that emotional eating and eating disorder tendencies increase as body mass index increases. This situation indicates that individuals should be monitored and supported both psychologically and nutritionally in the post-disaster period. In conclusion, this study emphasises that focusing solely on psychological recovery in the post-disaster period is insufficient; fundamental health areas such as eating behaviours must also be addressed through a holistic approach. It is important to structure community-based interventions that combine psychosocial support with nutritional counselling. Abbreviations BMI Body Mass Index HPA Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal MEQ Mindful Eating Questionnaire PETLDS Post-Earthquake Trauma Level Determination Scale PTSD Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder SEES Salzburg Emotional Eating Scale Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate Ethical approval for this study was obtained by Inonu University Social and Human Sciences Scientific Research Ethics Committee on 13.03.2025 in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (Ref. No: 3). In the first part of the online questionnaire used in the study, participants were informed about the research and a section asking for consent to participate was added. After the willingness to participate section is approved, the study questionnaire can be started. Clinical trial number Not applicable Consent for publication Not applicable. Availability of data and material Data sets generated and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. Funding The authors did not receive support from any organization for the submitted work. Authors' contributions All authors contributed to the conception and design of the study. HT designed the study, conducted the literature review, analysed and interpreted the data, undertook the writing of the article and accepted responsibility for all stages of the study. BH provided conceptual guidance to the study, contributed to the literature review, organised the data collection process, and contributed to the analysis and interpretation processes. Acknowledgements We would like to express our sincere gratitude to all participants who volunteered to take part in this study and made valuable contributions. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7165701","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":490394185,"identity":"03254829-1cec-4d55-a716-44e3d50a1ef7","order_by":0,"name":"Hakan Toğuç","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA8ElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACAwY2OJvxQQKUJUGEFgMQwWyApMWAKC1scMPxajFnP5b4uYDhj5x8RPKzioc7bPIMDjAfvM3D8CcflxbLnrTD0jMYDIwNb6SZ3Ug8k1ZscIAt2ZqHwcCyAZfDDqQ3SAMVJG6ckcN2I7HtcOKGAzxmIBGcLjM4/7z5N0xLAUQL/zf8Wm6kHQPbMl8ih40BagsbAS3P0qx5DIyNDXieGUsktqUlzjzMZmw5x8AYj8PSjG/zVMjJybcnP/z4s80mse9488MbbyrkcIcyRCMoHGAcZqgIQSDfQISiUTAKRsEoGJkAAHdoT3paKQe2AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Inonu University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hakan","middleName":"","lastName":"Toğuç","suffix":""},{"id":490394186,"identity":"534bc12c-58e5-4f5d-a06f-cc6740e372f3","order_by":1,"name":"Büşra Hökelek","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Inonu University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Büşra","middleName":"","lastName":"Hökelek","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-07-19 16:38:10","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7165701/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7165701/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":87732221,"identity":"1edcbffc-9f53-484f-b06e-eb0f1423cddc","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-28 11:48:22","extension":"jpeg","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":1214998,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eDistribution of cities where individuals participating in the study live\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage1.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7165701/v1/56edd107a69dc2eb79cecd91.jpeg"},{"id":87734400,"identity":"6bfe325c-1db6-4fec-a495-16f75d4c06d8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-28 12:12:23","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":3624328,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7165701/v1/ae10eca1-6333-4745-ac50-a5d69bd6de2b.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"The Effects of the 6 February Earthquake Centred in Kahramanmaraş on Traumatic Stress and Eating Behaviours: A Case-Control Study","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eEarthquakes are disasters that not only cause physical destruction but also have profound psychosocial effects that permanently alter people's lives. Turkey is a country with a high risk of earthquakes due to its geographical location and has experienced earthquakes throughout history that have caused significant loss of life and socio-economic destruction [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e]. On 6 February 2023, two major earthquakes (Mw 7.7 and Mw 7.6) occurred in succession in southeastern Turkey, centred in Kahramanmaraş, causing significant loss of life and property across a wide geographical area covering 11 provinces, four of which were severely affected. This event has been recorded as one of the most destructive disasters in Turkish history. According to official data, over 50,000 people lost their lives, hundreds of thousands were injured, and millions faced severe hardships in terms of shelter, safety, and basic living needs [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e]. It is known that such large-scale disasters can have both short-term and long-term psychological effects on individuals [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTrauma is a condition that arises as a result of an individual being exposed to a traumatic life event that poses a serious threat and causes psychological stress disorder [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e]. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders following natural disasters [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]. Disruptions in food production and access, changes in living conditions, loss of property, death or disappearance of loved ones, injury, being trapped under debris, low income, inadequate social support, and low educational level are risk factors for PTSD [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e]. Findings suggesting that PTSD may affect eating behaviours are particularly noteworthy among women and individuals with a tendency toward emotional eating [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]. The stress level that develops after trauma can affect both physiological and psychological eating responses, leading to overeating, loss of appetite, irregular eating times, and changes in body weight [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e]. In a study conducted in Turkey, significant relationships were found between traumatic stress levels and emotional eating, uncontrolled eating, and insomnia in individuals directly or indirectly affected by an earthquake [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEating behaviour is shaped not only by physiological hunger but also by psychological factors. Emotional eating, in particular, is defined as turning to food to cope with negative emotions and is often associated with high-calorie, carbohydrate-rich foods [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e]. In the post-traumatic period, an increase in such eating behaviours can further worsen the individual's mental health and, in the long term, pave the way for physical health problems such as obesity [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e]. Studies on the effect of stress caused by earthquakes on eating behaviours have shown that as an individual's stress level increases, so does their tendency to turn to emotional eating [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe effects of traumatic events on eating behaviour can also be explained at the neurobiological level. Activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis can affect appetite mechanisms by causing an increase in cortisol levels [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e]. In addition, imbalances in neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine have been observed in individuals experiencing post-traumatic stress, and this has been associated with irregularities in eating behaviour [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn this context, it is of great importance to investigate how the traumatic experience caused by the 6 February earthquake centred in Kahramanmaraş has affected individuals' eating behaviours. Studies on the psychological effects of large-scale disasters such as the Kahramanmaraş earthquake have generally focused on anxiety and depression, but changes in eating behaviour have not been sufficiently investigated [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e]. However, the disruption of eating habits in the post-disaster period emerges as a significant public health issue, both in terms of physical and mental health [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e]. In this context, the aim of this study is to examine the impact of the 6 February Kahramanmaraş earthquake on traumatic stress levels and eating behaviours and to establish a foundation for nutrition interventions in the post-disaster period. Additionally, this study will assess the extent to which behavioural patterns such as emotional eating, mindful eating, and eating disorders have changed in relation to earthquake experience. Thus, the aim is to contribute to the development of intervention strategies at the individual level and the formulation of post-disaster nutritional policies at the societal level.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Method","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis study was conducted between March and June 2025 in various cities across Turkey using an online survey to investigate the consequences of a natural disaster that affected 11 cities in Turkey on 6 February 2023. The study began after ethical approval was obtained in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration. Online consent was obtained during the participation process.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eInclusion criteria for the study included residing in and being a citizen of the Republic of Turkey, being over 18 years of age, and voluntarily agreeing to participate in the study. Exclusion criteria included being under 18 years of age and unwillingness to participate in the study.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eData Collection Tools\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe online survey used in the study was prepared using Google Forms, distributed to 1,633 participants via social media platforms (WhatsApp, Telegram, X, Instagram), and 1,217 participants completed the survey. The online survey consists of a socio-demographic information survey, an earthquake experience survey, anthropometric measurement results, the Post-Earthquake Trauma Level Determination Scale (PETLDS), the Salzburg Emotional Eating Scale (SEES), the SCOFF Eating Disorders Scale, and the Mindful Eating Questionnaire (MEQ).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSocio-Demographic Information Questionnaire: Participants' age, gender, city of residence, marital status, education level, employment status, monthly income, smoking habits, and alcohol consumption were recorded.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEarthquake Experience Questionnaire: Questions about whether participants experienced the 6 February 2023 Kahramanmaraş-centred earthquakes and whether they lost any close relatives in the earthquake were included.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAnthropometric measurement results: Participants were asked about their height and weight. Based on the information provided by the participants, the Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated using the formula weight/(height)\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePETLDS: Developed by Tanhan and Kayri (2013), the scale consists of 5 sub-dimensions (Sleep Problems, Cognitive Organisation, Emotional, Arousal Limitation, Behavioural Problems) and 20 items. The lowest possible score on the scale is 20, and the highest possible score is 100. Higher scores on the scale indicate increased levels of earthquake-related distress and trauma among individuals [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSEES: Developed by Meule and colleagues (2018) at the University of Salzburg, the scale, whose reliability and validity in Turkish were established by Gültekin (2022), consists of 20 questions. The scale consists of four sub-dimensions (happiness, sadness, anger, and anxiety) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSCOFF Eating Disorders Scale: Developed by Morgan and colleagues (1999) and translated into Turkish by Aydemir and colleagues (2015), this scale assesses eating disorders. The scale consists of 5 questions, with the lowest possible score being 0 and the highest possible score being 5 [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMEQ: Developed by Framson and colleagues (2009) and translated into Turkish by Köse and colleagues, this scale measures mindful eating. High scores are interpreted positively for all subscales (disinhibition, emotional eating, eating control, mindfulness, eating discipline, conscious nutrition, interference (affected by external factors)). The scale also provides a total mindful eating score. The higher the score, the higher the mindful eating [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eStudy Design\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTurkey is a country with a high risk of earthquakes due to its geographical location on active fault lines. While earthquakes of various magnitudes frequently occur throughout the country, the two major earthquakes that struck Kahramanmaraş on 6 February 2023, measuring 7.7 and 7.6 in magnitude, stand out from other earthquakes in terms of both their intensity and the scale of destruction they caused. These earthquakes have left lasting psychological and physiological effects on individuals living in the region due to the aftershocks that continued for approximately two years and caused widespread damage (AFAD, 2023).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis study was designed as a case-control study to compare the effects of the 6 February 2023 earthquake on traumatic stress and eating behaviours. The case group consisted of individuals living in the provinces of Adana, Adıyaman, Diyarbakır, Elazığ, Gaziantep, Hatay, Kahramanmaraş, Kilis, Malatya, Osmaniye and Şanlıurfa which were most severely affected by the earthquake, and who had direct experience of the earthquake; the control group was selected from individuals who felt the effects of the earthquake to a lesser extent and who lived outside these provinces. This approach aims to more clearly reveal the effects of the traumatic stress caused by the earthquake on eating behaviours.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eA total of 1,217 participants were reached in the study, 602 of whom were adults living in areas directly affected by the earthquake, and 615 of whom were adults living in other cities less affected by the earthquake. Participant selection was carried out randomly using social media tools. The cities from which participants joined are shown in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eStatistical Analysis\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAll data obtained in this study were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 25.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) software. Descriptive statistics for the data included mean and standard deviation values for continuous variables and frequency and percentage distributions for categorical variables. The normality of the data distribution was examined using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, histogram graphs, and skewness-kurtosis values within the ± 2.00 range. The Chi-square test was applied in the analysis of categorical variables. In pairwise group comparisons, the independent samples t-test was preferred when the data showed a normal distribution, and the Mann-Whitney U test, a nonparametric test, was preferred when the data did not show a normal distribution. To determine the direction and strength of the relationships between continuous variables, Pearson's correlation coefficient and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient were used. Additionally, multiple linear regression analyses were performed to examine the effects of different independent variables on eating behaviours. In all statistical analyses, the significance level was set at p \u0026lt; 0.05.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003eGeneral information about the participants is provided in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e. According to this, 78.24% of those who experienced the earthquake and 49.76% of those who did not experience the earthquake were female. The average age of participants who experienced the earthquake was 22.40\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.26 years, the average height was 166.26\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.19 cm, the average body weight was 63.58\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.83 kg, and the average BMI was 22.93\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.50 kg/m\u0026sup2;. The average age of participants who did not experience the earthquake was 25.60\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.98 years, the average height was 170.25\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.17 cm, the average body weight was 70.57\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.48 kg, and the average BMI was 24.24\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.67 kg/m2. The majority of both the earthquake-experienced and non-experienced groups were single (90.53% and 77.40%, respectively) and university students (71.59% and 57.40%, respectively). When participants were classified according to BMI, 64.45% of those who experienced the earthquake and 58.05% of those who did not were classified as normal (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001 for all values). Most participants who experienced the earthquake and those who did not have income equal to their expenses (48.01% and 44.55%, respectively; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.020), and most did not smoke (82.06% and 73.98%, respectively; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001) or drink alcohol (96.68% and 91.22%, respectively; p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.0 01).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGeneral characteristics of participants according to their earthquake experience\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"7\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"1\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eParticipant characteristics\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEarthquake-experienced (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;602)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNon-experienced (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;615)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGender\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFemale\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e471\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e78,24\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e306\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e49,76\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0,000\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eχ\u0026sup2;\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMale\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e131\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21,76\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e309\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e50,24\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarital\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSingle\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e545\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e90,53\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e476\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e77,40\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0,000\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eχ\u0026sup2;\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarried\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e57\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9,47\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e139\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e22,60\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWorking\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWorking\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11,63\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e228\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e37,07\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0,000\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eχ\u0026sup2;\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNot working\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e97\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16,11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5,53\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRetired\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0,66\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0,00\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eStudent\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e431\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e71,59\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e353\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e57,40\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLosing a loved one in an earthquake\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo one\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e475\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e78,90\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e591\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e96,10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0,000\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eχ\u0026sup2;\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMother\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0,50\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0,00\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFather\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0,00\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0,00\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSibling\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0,00\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0,20\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSecond-degree relatives\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e124\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20,60\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3,70\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMonthly income\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIncome is less than expenditure\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e203\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e33,72\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e188\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e30,57\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0,020\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eχ\u0026sup2;\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIncome is equal to expenditure\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e289\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e48,01\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e274\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e44,55\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIncome is more than expenditure\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e110\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18,27\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e153\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e24,88\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSmoking\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e108\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17,94\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e160\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e26,02\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0,001\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eχ\u0026sup2;\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNone\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e494\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e82,06\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e455\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e73,98\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAlcohol\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3,32\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e54\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8,78\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0,000\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eχ\u0026sup2;\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNone\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e582\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e96,68\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e561\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e91,22\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"5\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEducation\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIlliterate\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0,17\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0,16\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"5\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0,000\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eχ\u0026sup2;\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePrimary school\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0,17\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0,16\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMiddle school\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1,33\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0,81\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHigh school\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e69\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11,46\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e49\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7,97\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUniversity\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e515\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e85,55\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e509\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e82,76\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePostgraduate\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1,33\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8,13\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"5\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBMI Classification\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUnderweight\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e66\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10,96\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4,07\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"5\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0,000\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eχ\u0026sup2;\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNormal\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e388\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e64,45\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e357\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e58,05\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePre-obesity\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e109\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18,11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e194\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e31,54\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eClass I obesity\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5,32\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e36\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5,85\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eClass II obesity\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0,66\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0,33\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eClass III obesity\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0,50\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0,16\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMean\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSD\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMean\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSD\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAge (years)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e22,40\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6,26\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e25,60\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8,98\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0,000\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eU\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHeight (cm)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e166,26\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8,19\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e170,25\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9,17\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0,000\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eU\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBody weight (kg)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e63,58\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13,83\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e70,57\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13,48\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0,000\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003et\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBMI (kg/m\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003e2\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003cb\u003e)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e22,93\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4,50\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e24,24\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3,67\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0,000\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eU\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003ctfoot\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"7\"\u003eBMI: Body Mass Index; \u003cem\u003eχ\u0026sup2;\u003c/em\u003e: Chi-square test; \u003cem\u003eU\u003c/em\u003e: Mann-Whitney U test; t: Independent t-test; p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tfoot\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e compares trauma levels, emotional eating, mindful eating, and eating disorders according to earthquake experience. In the group that experienced the earthquake, the total score on the post-earthquake trauma level determination scale and the scores on the subscales (sleep problems, cognitive organisation, emotional, affective limitations, behavioural problems) other than the affective subscale were higher than in the group that did not experience the earthquake (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001 for all values). These results support the finding that trauma levels are higher in individuals affected by the earthquake. The Salzburg Emotional Eating Scale anger (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.002) and anxiety (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.005) subscale scores were significantly higher in the group that did not experience the earthquake. When comparing mindful eating questionnaire scores, the eating control (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001) and interference (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001) subscale scores were significantly higher in the group that experienced the earthquake, while the mindfulness (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001) and conscious nutrition (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.008) subscale scores were significantly higher in the group that did not experience the earthquake. The SCOFF eating disorders scale score was found to be significantly higher in the group that experienced the earthquake, supporting the notion that individuals affected by the earthquake are a higher-risk group in terms of eating disorders (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTrauma Level and Eating Behaviour Information Based on Earthquake Experience\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"7\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"1\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEarthquake-experienced (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;602)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNon-experienced (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;615)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSD\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSD\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"5\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePETLDS\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSleep Problems\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.43\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.34\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.50\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.54\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0,000\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eU\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCognitive Organisation\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11.27\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.49\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.59\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.50\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0,000\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003et\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEmotional\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.36\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11.10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.90\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0,000\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eU\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAffective Limitations\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11.38\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.58\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.23\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.93\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0,000\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eU\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBehavioural Problems\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.18\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.76\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.19\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.32\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0,000\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eU\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePETLDS Score\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e48.35\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15.23\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e34.61\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.30\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0,000\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eU\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSEES\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHappiness\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.16\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.96\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.09\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.99\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0,217\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003et\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSadness\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.54\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.13\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.62\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.04\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0,188\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003et\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAnger\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.36\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.07\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.55\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.02\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0,002\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003et\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAnxiety\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.27\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.14\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.45\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.07\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0,005\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003et\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSEES Score\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.58\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.86\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.68\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.86\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0,057\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003et\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"7\" rowspan=\"8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMEQ\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDisinhibition\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.37\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.86\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.36\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.89\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0,934\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003et\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEmotional Eating\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.45\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.96\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.52\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0,267\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003et\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEating Control\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.63\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.77\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.44\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.79\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0,000\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003et\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMindfulness\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.09\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.43\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.19\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.46\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0,000\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003et\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEating Discipline\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.73\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.73\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.79\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.85\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0,138\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003et\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eConscious Nutrition\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.07\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.48\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.15\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.49\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0,008\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003et\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eInterference\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.72\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.86\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.45\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.98\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0,000\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003et\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMEQ Score\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.26\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.39\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.26\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.46\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0,898\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003et\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSCOFF Eating Disorders\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eScale\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.24\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.24\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.22\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.02\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003et\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003ctfoot\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"7\"\u003ePETLDS: Post-Earthquake Trauma Level Determination Scale, SEES: Salzburg Emotional Eating Scale, MEQ: Mindful Eating Questionnaire, \u003cem\u003eU\u003c/em\u003e: Mann-Whitney U; t: Independent t-test; p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tfoot\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e provides information on the relationship between post-earthquake trauma level and emotional eating, mindful eating, and eating disorders. Accordingly, a moderate positive correlation was found between the total score of the post-earthquake trauma level determination scale and the happiness subscale (r\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.056, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.049), and a low positive correlation was found between the SCOFF eating disorders scale score (r\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.246, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). The subdimensions of disinhibition (r=-0.129, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), emotional eating (r=-0.122, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), conscious nutrition (r = -0.110, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001) subscales, and the total score of the mindful eating scale (r=-0.153, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001) showed a low-level negative correlation, the eating control (r=-0.062, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.032) subscale showed a moderate-level negative correlation, and a high-level negative relationship was found between the subscale of mindfulness (r = -0.085, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.003).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRelationship between post-earthquake trauma level and eating behaviour\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"9\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" morerows=\"1\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEating Behaviours\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"6\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePETLDS\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSleep Problems\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognitive Organisation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEmotional\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAffective Limitations\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBehavioural Problems\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePETLDS Score\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"9\" rowspan=\"10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSEES\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHappiness\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003er\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.047\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.115\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.094\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.045\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.032\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0,056\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ep\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.101\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.000\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.120\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.267\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0,049\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSadness\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003er\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.027\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.031\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.018\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.031\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.050\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0,006\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ep\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.344\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.281\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.527\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.278\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.083\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0,839\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAnger\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003er\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.034\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.002\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.033\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.021\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.043\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0,006\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ep\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.233\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.942\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.256\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.474\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.132\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0,826\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAnxiety\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003er\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.019\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.005\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.032\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.025\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.026\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0,005\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ep\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.512\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.870\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.259\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.388\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.362\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0,868\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSEES Score\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003er\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.012\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.043\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.037\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.028\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0,017\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ep\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.683\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.134\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.987\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.203\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.325\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0,546\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"15\" rowspan=\"16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMEQ\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDisinhibition\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003er\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.068\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.124\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.036\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.152\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.064\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0,129\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ep\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.018\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.000\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.210\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.000\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.026\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0,000\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEmotional Eating\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003er\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.046\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.118\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.045\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.145\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.065\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0,122\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ep\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.106\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.000\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.114\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.000\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.023\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0,000\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEating Control\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003er\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.030\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.125\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.087\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.022\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0,062\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ep\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.290\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.975\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.000\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.002\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.448\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0,032\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMindfulness\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003er\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.090\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.049\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.012\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.079\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.095\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0,085\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ep\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.002\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.086\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.663\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.006\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0,003\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEating Discipline\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003er\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.047\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.077\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.035\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.074\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0,052\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ep\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.099\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.970\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.008\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.228\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.010\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0,069\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eConscious Nutrition\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003er\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.072\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.119\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.111\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.069\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0,110\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ep\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.012\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.000\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.994\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.000\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.016\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0,000\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eInterference\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003er\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.047\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.031\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.110\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.014\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.034\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0,007\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ep\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.099\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.282\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.000\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.634\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.239\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0,805\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMEQ Score\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003er\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.082\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.114\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.093\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.174\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.095\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0,153\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ep\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.004\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.000\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.000\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0,000\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"1\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSCOFF Eating Disorders\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eScale\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003er\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0,189\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.231\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.023\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.222\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.200\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.246\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ep\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.000\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.000\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.418\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.000\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.000\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.000\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003ctfoot\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"9\"\u003ePETLDS: Post-Earthquake Trauma Level Determination Scale, SEES: Salzburg Emotional Eating Scale, MEQ: Mindful Eating Questionnaire, \u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e: Pearson Correlation test, \u003cem\u003eS\u003c/em\u003e: Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tfoot\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe post-earthquake trauma level determination scale showed a high negative correlation with the sleep problems subscale and the mindfulness (r=-0.090, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.002) and conscious nutrition (r=-0.072, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.012) subscales, as well as with the total score of the mindful eating questionnaire (r=-0.082, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.004) level, while a low positive correlation was found between the SCOFF eating disorders scale score (r\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.189, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001) and the post-earthquake trauma level determination scale. The cognitive organisation subscale of the post-earthquake trauma level determination scale showed a low negative correlation with disinhibition (r=-0.124, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), emotional eating (r = -0.118, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), conscious nutrition (r = -0.119, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), and total score on the mindful eating questionnaire (r=-0.114, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), and happiness (r\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.115, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001) and SCOFF eating disorders scale score (r\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.231, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001) showed a low-level positive correlation. The affective subscale of the post-earthquake trauma level determination scale was found to have a low-level negative correlation with happiness (r=-0.094, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001), eating control (r=-0.125, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), eating discipline (r=-0.077, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.008), interference (r=-0.110, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001) subdimensions, and the total score of the mindful eating questionnaire (r=-0.093, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001). The post-earthquake trauma level determination scale affective limitations subscale was found to have a negative correlation with disinhibition (r = -0.152, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), emotional eating (r = -0.145, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), eating control (r = -0.087, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.002), mindfulness (r=-0.079, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.006), conscious nutrition (r=-0.111, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001) subscales, and the total score of the mindful eating questionnaire (r=-0.174, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). A low-level positive correlation was found between the SCOFF eating disorders scale score (r\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.222, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001) and the following subscales: mindfulness (r = -0.095, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001), eating discipline (r = -0.074, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.010), conscious nutrition (r = -0.069, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.016), the total score of the mindful eating questionnaire (r=-0.095, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001) were found to have a low negative correlation, and the SCOFF eating disorders scale score (r\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.200, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001) was found to have a low positive correlation.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e compares the relationship between trauma level, emotional eating, mindful eating, and eating disorders according to gender. According to this, in women, the total score of the post-earthquake trauma level determination scale (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), sleep problems (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), cognitive structuring (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), emotional (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), affective limitations (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), behavioural problems (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), sadness (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.004), eating control (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), conscious nutrition (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.003), interference (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.040), and SCOFF eating disorders scale scores (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001); emotional (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001) and emotional eating (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001) scores were significantly higher in males.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTrauma level and eating behaviours by gender\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"7\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"1\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSD\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSD\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"5\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDSTD\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSleep Problems\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.44\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.36\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.08\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.01\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0,000\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003et\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCognitive Organisation\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.85\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.73\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.24\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.98\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0,000\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003et\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEmotional\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.45\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.20\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.88\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.17\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0,001\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003et\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAffective Limitations\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.98\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.44\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.05\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.63\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0,000\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eU\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBehavioural Problems\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.23\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.66\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.67\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.81\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0,000\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eU\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePETLDS Score\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e43.95\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15.30\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e36.92\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.29\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0,000\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eU\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSEES\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHappiness\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.15\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.95\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.09\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0,261\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003et\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSadness\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.65\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.14\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.47\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.98\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0,004\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003et\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAnger\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.47\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.09\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.43\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.96\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0,458\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003et\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAnxiety\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.37\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.16\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.34\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.01\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0,639\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003et\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSEES Score\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.66\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.89\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.58\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.81\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0,113\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003et\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"7\" rowspan=\"8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMEQ\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDisinhibition\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.37\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.89\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.36\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.84\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0,855\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003et\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEmotional Eating\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.37\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.69\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.91\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0,000\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003et\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEating Control\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.63\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.78\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.36\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.75\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0,000\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003et\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMindfulness\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.14\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.43\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.15\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.47\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0,574\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003et\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEating Discipline\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.76\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.77\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.76\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.84\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0,992\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003et\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eConscious Nutrition\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.14\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.47\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.05\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.52\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0,003\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003et\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eInterference\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.63\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.92\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.51\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.96\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0,040\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003et\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMEQ Score\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.26\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.43\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.26\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.41\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0,891\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003et\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSCOFF Eating Disorders\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eScale\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.27\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.19\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.89\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.08\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.000\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eU\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003ctfoot\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"7\"\u003ePETLDS: Post-Earthquake Trauma Level Determination Scale, SEES: Salzburg Emotional Eating Scale, MEQ: Mindful Eating Questionnaire, \u003cem\u003eU\u003c/em\u003e: Mann-Whitney U; t: Independent t-test; p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tfoot\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMultiple regression analyses conducted to examine the effect of socio-demographic variables associated with post-earthquake trauma levels and eating behaviours are presented in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePredictive Effect of Earthquake Experience and Socio-demographic Variables on Trauma and Eating Behaviours\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%95 Cl\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSE\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eβ\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLover\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUpper\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"9\" rowspan=\"10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePETLDS\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAge\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.017\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.072\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.009\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.124\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.159\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.813\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGender\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-2.970\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.820\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.097\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-4.580\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-1.361\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.000\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarital status\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.709\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.482\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.043\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-1.199\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.617\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.249\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEducational status\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.973\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.807\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.063\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.390\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.557\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.015\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEmployment status\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.532\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.365\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.048\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-1.248\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.184\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.145\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIncome status\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-1.802\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.518\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.089\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-2.819\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.786\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBMI\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.003\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.531\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-1.039\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.045\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.995\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eExperience of earthquakes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-12.246\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.810\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.417\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-13.835\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-10.657\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.000\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLoss of loved ones in earthquakes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.200\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.290\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.107\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.632\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.769\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.000\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eModel 1. R\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003e2\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e:0.248\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eF\u003c/b\u003e:45.640\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ep:0.000\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"9\" rowspan=\"10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSEES\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAge\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.013\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.005\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.115\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.022\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.003\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.008\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGender\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.210\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.054\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.117\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.315\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.105\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.000\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarital status\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.071\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.097\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.030\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.261\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.119\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.465\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEducational status\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.045\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.053\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.024\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.059\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.148\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.395\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEmployment status\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.028\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.024\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.043\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.075\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.018\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.234\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIncome status\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.144\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.034\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.121\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.077\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.210\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.000\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBMI\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.295\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.035\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.252\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.227\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.363\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.000\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eExperience of earthquakes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.099\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.053\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.057\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.005\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.203\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.062\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLoss of loved ones in earthquakes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.007\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.019\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.011\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.030\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.044\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.709\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eModel 2. R\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003e2\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e:0.074\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eF\u003c/b\u003e:11.847\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ep:0.000\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"9\" rowspan=\"10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMEQ\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAge\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.005\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.002\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.088\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.009\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.043\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGender\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.028\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.027\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.031\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.025\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.080\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.299\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarital status\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.152\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.048\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.131\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.246\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.058\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.002\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEducational status\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.006\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.026\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.007\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.057\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.045\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.817\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEmployment status\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.013\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.012\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.039\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.010\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.036\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.280\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIncome status\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.017\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.033\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.033\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.983\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBMI\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.142\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.017\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.247\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.176\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.108\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.000\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eExperience of earthquakes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.016\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.026\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.019\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.067\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.036\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.544\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLoss of loved ones in earthquakes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.016\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.009\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.049\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.034\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.002\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.090\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eModel 3. R\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003e2\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e: 0.062\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eF\u003c/b\u003e: 9.932\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ep:0.000\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"9\" rowspan=\"10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSCOFF Eating Disorders\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eScale\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAge\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.005\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.006\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.036\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.007\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.018\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.396\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGender\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.498\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.072\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.205\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.638\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.357\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.000\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarital status\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.053\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.129\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.017\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.201\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.307\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.681\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEducational status\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.056\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.071\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.023\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.195\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.082\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.426\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEmployment status\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.032\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.063\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.062\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.981\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIncome status\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.035\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.045\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.021\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.123\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.054\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.445\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBMI\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.432\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.046\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.273\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.341\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.523\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.000\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eExperience of earthquakes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.140\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.071\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.060\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.279\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.048\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLoss of loved ones in earthquakes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.034\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.025\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.038\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.016\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.083\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.184\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eModel 4. R\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003e2\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e:0.096\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eF\u003c/b\u003e:15.423\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ep:0.000\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003ctfoot\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"8\"\u003ePETLDS: Post-Earthquake Trauma Level Determination Scale, SEES: Salzburg Emotional Eating Scale, MEQ: Mindful Eating Questionnaire, B: Regression coefficient, SE: Standard Error, β: Standardised Coefficient, CI: Confidence Interval. R\u0026sup2;: Explanatory Power of the Model, F: ANOVA Test Statistic. The dependent variables are, in order: Post-Earthquake Trauma Level, Emotional Eating, Mindful Eating, and Eating Disorder Level, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tfoot\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn Model 1, the effect of socio-demographic variables on post-earthquake trauma levels was examined, and the model was found to be significant (R\u0026sup2;=0.248; F\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;45.640; p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). The independent variables explain 24.8% of the variation in post-earthquake trauma levels. Gender was found to significantly predict trauma levels (B = -2.970; p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). Women's trauma scores were higher than men's. An increase in education level had a significant effect in increasing the level of trauma (B\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.973; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.015). As income decreased, the level of trauma increased (B = -1.802; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001). Additionally, having experienced an earthquake (B = -12.246; β = -0.417; p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001) and experiencing the loss of a loved one in an earthquake (B\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.200; p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001) were the strongest predictors of trauma levels.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn Model 2, the effect of socio-demographic variables on emotional eating was examined, and the model was found to be significant (R\u0026sup2;=0.074; F\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;11.847; p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). The independent variables explain 7.4% of the variation in emotional eating. Increasing age was found to be associated with a decrease in emotional eating behaviour (B = -0.013; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.008). Female gender was found to be associated with higher levels of emotional eating compared to males (B = -0.210; p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). As income increased, emotional eating scores also increased significantly (B\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.144; p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). Additionally, emotional eating scores were found to increase as body mass index (BMI) increased (B\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.295; β\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.252; p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). The effect of having experienced an earthquake on emotional eating was found to be marginally significant (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.062).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn Model 3, the effect of socio-demographic variables on mindful eating was examined, and the model was found to be significant (R\u0026sup2;=0.062; F\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;9.932; p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). The independent variables explain 6.2% of the variation in mindful eating. Mindful eating increased with age (B\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.005; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.043). Marital status had a negative and significant effect on mindful eating (B = -0.152; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.002). BMI was found to be the strongest predictor of mindful eating. As BMI increases, mindful eating decreases significantly (B = -0.142; β = -0.247; p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn Model 4, the effect of socio-demographic variables on eating disorders was examined, and the model was found to be significant (R\u0026sup2;=0.096; F\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;15.423; p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). The independent variables explain 9.6% of the variation in eating disorders. Gender was one of the variables that significantly predicted eating disorder scores, with higher scores observed in women (B = -0.498; β = -0.205; p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). Additionally, BMI emerged as the variable with the most significant effect on eating disorder scores (B\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.432; β\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.273; p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). Having experienced an earthquake was associated with a significant reduction in eating disorder scores (B=-0.140; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.048).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis study examined the traumatic stress caused by the earthquake centred in Kahramanmaraş and its relationship with different eating behaviours (emotional eating, mindful eating and eating disorders) and assessed the impact of the earthquake and the aftershocks that lasted for approximately two years on people.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn this study, it was found that individuals who experienced the earthquake had higher levels of post-traumatic stress and higher scores on all subscales of the scale, including sleep problems, cognitive organisation, emotional, affective limitations, and behavioural problems, compared to those who did not experience the earthquake. Additionally, the higher emotional eating scores in anger and anxiety states among individuals who did not experience the earthquake suggest that emotional eating behaviours may develop not only in response to trauma but also to daily stressors. Kuijer and Boyce (2012) reported in their study conducted in New Zealand that individuals with a high tendency toward emotional eating increased their food intake after the disaster [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e]; Oz \u0026amp; Cona also suggested that this behaviour is not always directly linked to trauma but can be shaped by social media influences and individual characteristics [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e]. Tayhan and Korkmaz (2025) reported in their study conducted with 708 adults following the Kahramanmaraş earthquake that post-traumatic stress levels increased significantly and were associated with behavioural symptoms such as sleep disorders and emotional eating [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e]. Similarly, Yılmaz and Doğan (2025) reported in their study with 515 adults that there was a positive correlation between post-earthquake traumatic stress and insomnia, and that post-earthquake traumatic stress also increased emotional and uncontrolled eating behaviours [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLower mindfulness and conscious nutrition scores among individuals who experienced the earthquake in the sub-dimensions of mindful eating indicate that stress negatively affects eating habits. Furthermore, the significantly higher eating disorder scores among those who experienced the earthquake confirm this situation. İslamoğlu (2024) found that even individuals who were affected by the Kahramanmaraş earthquake to a fourth degree experienced significant changes in meal frequency and content [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e]. Additionally, Carmassi et al. (2015) reported that eating disorders and changes in appetite were more common among earthquake survivors diagnosed with stress disorders after the L'Aquila earthquake [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]. The observation of behavioural adaptation issues in post-traumatic individuals is an expected outcome. The findings of this study confirm that natural disasters have long-term effects not only on physical health but also on fundamental behavioural areas such as nutrition. It has been shown that these effects can arise both directly (experiencing the earthquake) and indirectly (media exposure) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e]. It is thought that, in addition to those who experienced the earthquake, those who did not experience it may also be affected by aftershocks or through the media.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn this study, it was found that cognitive organisation levels only affected emotional eating during moments of \u0026lsquo;happiness\u0026rsquo; when comparing post-earthquake trauma levels with eating behaviours. This suggests that eating behaviours can also be used to cope with positive emotions. Kuijer and Boyce (2012) similarly reported that individuals with a high tendency toward emotional eating after an earthquake exhibited excessive eating behaviour, particularly during stressful periods [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e]. Additionally, Hall and colleagues (2015) found that PTSD was associated with unhealthy eating habits [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e]. This suggests that trauma can trigger emotional eating behaviours not only during negative emotions but also during some positive emotions. Due to the disruptions trauma causes in the reward system, moments of happiness may also be reinforced through eating [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe relationship between mindful eating and its subdimensions and the level of trauma and its subdimensions was examined, and the detection of negative relationships in all subdimensions indicates that trauma disrupts or negatively affects various components of eating behaviour. Similarly, Yılmaz and Doğan (2025) reported negative relationships between PTSD and mindless eating and uncontrolled eating behaviours after an earthquake [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e]. The impact of trauma on cognitive functioning can disrupt decision-making and self-awareness processes. These disruptions may lead to the automatisation of eating behaviours and a decrease in mindfulness [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSignificant positive correlations have been found between eating disorders and trauma levels. This clearly demonstrates the general effect of trauma on eating disorders. These findings are consistent with the research by Carmassi and colleagues (2015), which highlights the strong connection between PTSD and eating disorders [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]. Similarly, Tayhan and Korkmaz's (2025) study noted that the risk of eating disorders increases after an earthquake and that this situation threatens individuals' physical and mental health [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis study examined the relationship between gender, trauma level, emotional eating, mindful eating, and eating disorders. The findings revealed that women who experienced the 6 February earthquake centred in Kahramanmaraş had higher trauma levels than men, exhibited higher levels of sad emotional eating behaviour, were more mindful eaters, and had higher interference scores and higher eating disorder scores. Jin and colleagues (2014) found that women had higher levels of post-traumatic stress disorder than men in a study conducted one year after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake with 2,300 earthquake victims [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e]. Similarly, Dell\u0026rsquo;Osso and colleagues (2013) reported that women exhibited significantly more trauma symptoms than men after the L\u0026rsquo;Aquila earthquake [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e]. Akbar and Witruk (2016) noted that this difference was due to women seeking more help and using more coping strategies [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e]. Pyari and Ravindran (2016) noted that women are under greater psychological strain due to their social roles and caregiving responsibilities, making them more prone to developing psychological responses such as eating disorders [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e]. These findings indicate that gender plays a decisive role in the psychological effects and eating behaviours following natural disasters. Women's higher levels of trauma may lead to increased emotional eating tendencies and eating disorder risks, highlighting the need for support mechanisms to be tailored to gender.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe multiple regression analyses in this study revealed in detail the effects of socio-demographic variables on post-earthquake trauma levels, emotional eating, mindful eating, and eating disorders. The findings show that gender, age, education, income, BMI, marital status, and earthquake experience are significant determinants of these psychological and behavioural responses. It was found that women had significantly higher trauma levels than men. This finding is consistent with the study by Jin and colleagues (2014), which showed that women had higher PTSD and post-traumatic growth scores than men [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e]. Low income and earthquake experience were also found to be key factors contributing to increased trauma. Additionally, Pyari \u0026amp; Ravindran (2016) found that low socioeconomic groups experienced higher levels of trauma after natural disasters [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e]. Furthermore, the increase in trauma scores with higher education levels suggests that as knowledge and awareness increase, so does the perception of trauma [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e]. Furthermore, the fact that individuals with higher income levels exhibit more emotional eating behaviour suggests that access to resources may enable emotional regulation through eating [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e35\u003c/span\u003e]. The study found that mindful eating increases with age, decreases with marital status (especially among married individuals), and decreases with increasing BMI. This negative relationship between BMI and awareness can be explained by the fact that obese individuals often exhibit automatic and uncontrolled eating behaviours. These findings are consistent with Carmassi et al. (2015)\u0026rsquo;s study examining eating behaviours in individuals diagnosed with PTSD [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the eating disorder model, the strongest predictors were gender and BMI. Women and individuals with higher BMI scores had higher eating disorder scores. This finding supports the results of Pyari and Ravindran (2016), which show that women are more sensitive to trauma and eating disorders [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e]. Similarly, experiencing an earthquake was associated with higher eating disorder scores. This suggests that some individuals may develop post-traumatic loss of appetite, avoidance behaviours, or overly controlled eating behaviours [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e36\u003c/span\u003e]. The findings of this study indicate that the relationship between eating behaviours and trauma is strongly linked not only to psychological factors but also to socio-demographic factors. Variables such as gender, age, income, education, and body mass index should be considered when understanding and intervening in post-disaster eating behaviours.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis study revealed the effects of the 6 February 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake on individuals' psychological state and eating behaviours, demonstrating that natural disasters leave deep scars not only on physical health but also on mental and behavioural health.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe significantly higher trauma levels observed in individuals who experienced the earthquake and the meaningful relationship between this condition and mindful eating and eating disorder indicators suggest that disasters may have lasting effects on eating behaviours. It has been shown that women are more sensitive to trauma and that emotional eating behaviours and the risk of eating disorders are more pronounced in this group. Additionally, it has been found that emotional eating and eating disorder tendencies increase as body mass index increases. This situation indicates that individuals should be monitored and supported both psychologically and nutritionally in the post-disaster period.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn conclusion, this study emphasises that focusing solely on psychological recovery in the post-disaster period is insufficient; fundamental health areas such as eating behaviours must also be addressed through a holistic approach. It is important to structure community-based interventions that combine psychosocial support with nutritional counselling.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003cp\u003eBMI \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Body Mass Index\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHPA \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMEQ \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Mindful Eating Questionnaire\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePETLDS \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Post-Earthquake Trauma Level Determination Scale\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePTSD \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSEES \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Salzburg Emotional Eating Scale\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEthical approval for this study was obtained by Inonu University Social and Human Sciences Scientific Research Ethics Committee on 13.03.2025 in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (Ref. No: 3). In the first part of the online questionnaire used in the study, participants were informed about the research and a section asking for consent to participate was added. After the willingness to participate section is approved, the study questionnaire can be started.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eClinical trial number\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability of data and material\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eData sets generated and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors did not receive support from any organization for the submitted work.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors\u0026apos; contributions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll authors contributed to the conception and design of the study. HT designed the study, conducted the literature review, analysed and interpreted the data, undertook the writing of the article and accepted responsibility for all stages of the study. BH provided conceptual guidance to the study, contributed to the literature review, organised the data collection process, and contributed to the analysis and interpretation processes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe would like to express our sincere gratitude to all participants who volunteered to take part in this study and made valuable contributions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor details\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003eDepartment of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u0026Ccedil;ağlar N, Vural İ, Kırtel O, Sarıbıyık A, Sumer Y. Structural damages observed in buildings after the January 24, 2020 Elazığ-Sivrice earthquake in T\u0026uuml;rkiye. 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Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2014;49(12):1903-1910. doi:10.1007/s00127-014-0865-5.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDell\u0026apos;Osso L, Carmassi C, Massimetti G, Stratta P, Riccardi I, Capanna C, et al. Age, gender and epicenter proximity effects on post-traumatic stress symptoms in L\u0026apos;Aquila 2009 earthquake survivors. J Affect Disord. 2013;146(2):174-180. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2012.08.048.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAkbar Z, Witruk E. Coping mediates the relationship between gender and posttraumatic growth. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2016;217:1036\u0026ndash;1043. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SBSPRO.2016.02.102.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePyari TT, Ravindran T. Sex differentials in the risk factors of post traumatic stress disorder among tsunami survivors in Tamil Nadu, India. Asian J Psychiatr. 2016;23:46-50. doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2016.07.006.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDoughty K. Increasing trauma-informed awareness and practice in higher education. J Contin Educ Health Prof. 2020;40(1):66-68. doi:10.1097/CEH.0000000000000279.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDebeuf T, Verbeken S, Volkaert B, Michels N, Blechert J, Braet C. Emotional eating after manipulating emotion regulation: A laboratory study in adolescents. Behaviour Change. 2022;39(2):65-87. doi:10.1017/bec.2021.20.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eYasar AB, Usta FD, Abamor AE, Erdogan Taycan S, Kaya B. EMDR therapy on trauma-based restrictive eating cases. European Psychiatry. 2017;41(S1):S560-S561. doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.811.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-eating-disorders","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"joed","sideBox":"Learn more about [Journal of Eating Disorders](http://jeatdisord.biomedcentral.com)","snPcode":"40337","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/40337/3","title":"Journal of Eating Disorders","twitterHandle":"@JEatDisord","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC/SO AJ","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Earthquake, traumatic stress, eating behaviours, emotional eating, eating disorder, mindful eating","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7165701/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7165701/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eObjective\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis study was conducted to evaluate the effects of traumatic stress caused by the earthquake centred in Kahramanmaraş on 6 February 2023 on eating behaviours.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethod\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e In this case-control study, individuals who directly experienced the earthquake (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;602) were compared with those indirectly affected (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;615); Participants completed an online survey providing sociodemographic information, earthquake experience, anthropometric data, and responses to the Post-Earthquake Trauma Level Determination Scale, Salzburg Emotional Eating Scale, SCOFF Eating Disorders Scale, and Mindful Eating Questionnaire.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe study showed that trauma levels were significantly higher in individuals who experienced the earthquake, accompanied by an increased risk of eating disorders (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). Additionally, a significant decrease was observed in mindful eating, particularly in the subdimensions of mindfulness (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001) and conscious nutrition (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.008) in this group. Emotional eating behaviours were observed at high levels not only in individuals with traumatic experiences but also in all individuals prone to negative emotions such as anger (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.002) and anxiety (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.005). After the earthquake, women were found to have higher tendencies toward trauma, emotional eating caused by sadness, and eating disorders (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.04, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01, respectively). Earthquake experience and socio-demographic variables were found to be significant predictors of trauma level (Model 1: R\u0026sup2;=0.248; F\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;45.640; p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), emotional eating (Model 2: R\u0026sup2;=0.074; F\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;11.847; p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), mindful eating (Model 3: R\u0026sup2;=0.062; F\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;9.932; p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), and eating disorders (Model 4: R\u0026sup2;=0.096; F\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;15.423; p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001).\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusion\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eLarge-scale natural disasters have long-term effects not only on psychological but also on behavioural health. In the post-disaster period, it is critical for protective public health practices to assess individuals' mental health as well as their eating behaviours and to provide integrated psychosocial support and nutritional counselling.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"The Effects of the 6 February Earthquake Centred in Kahramanmaraş on Traumatic Stress and Eating Behaviours: A Case-Control Study","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-07-28 11:48:17","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7165701/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2026-02-19T18:43:55+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-01-25T18:20:59+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-01-15T16:00:25+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-01-14T17:55:30+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-01-07T17:44:27+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"229392852612069935359442465152882948297","date":"2025-12-29T09:25:51+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"339214331618372897470669656941955832079","date":"2025-12-28T07:40:36+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"129993718495322805024949469586239858577","date":"2025-12-22T18:46:11+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"189244393515842956464080396275068943001","date":"2025-12-22T06:54:21+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"93217895355795236769425249411690880732","date":"2025-10-30T06:36:46+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"302382176782254951394072471220172956810","date":"2025-10-06T01:51:50+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"64178311407910578210916785644815384964","date":"2025-07-30T19:18:57+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"20653234184309657997448819792860797969","date":"2025-07-24T08:04:27+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-07-24T03:53:19+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-07-21T08:32:15+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-07-21T08:31:46+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Journal of Eating Disorders","date":"2025-07-19T16:26:04+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-eating-disorders","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"joed","sideBox":"Learn more about [Journal of Eating Disorders](http://jeatdisord.biomedcentral.com)","snPcode":"40337","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/40337/3","title":"Journal of Eating Disorders","twitterHandle":"@JEatDisord","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC/SO AJ","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"3d5c2237-cecc-4bdd-afd1-df61957ab55c","owner":[],"postedDate":"July 28th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-05-12T21:38:38+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-07-28 11:48:17","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7165701","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7165701","identity":"rs-7165701","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}