Analysis of the 2012 March 7 X5.4 Solar Flare Using SDO/AIA 304 Å Observations

Analysis of the 2012 March 7 X5.4 Solar Flare Using SDO/AIA 304 Å Observations | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Analysis of the 2012 March 7 X5.4 Solar Flare Using SDO/AIA 304 Å Observations Baharu Ketema, Nagessa Tilahun, Abbi Seyoum This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9292401/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Our study gives the first quantitative saturation analysis of a solarflare utilizing the precise date of March 7, 2012, X5.4. In this instance,we choose the low-temperature wavelength of AIA 304 Å with an instru-mental threshold of 5000 DN/s to images, and at the GOES peak (00:24:51UT) 178 ± 13 pixels are saturated within the 100 × 100 pixel ROI, mak-ing up 1.78% ± 0.13% of the ROI. The intensity of 5587.9 ± 44 DN/s isexceeded by 12%. The saturated region increases to 0.67 pixels/s prior tothe peak decay to −0.90 pixels/s, peaking concurrently with the GOESX-ray emission. This shows that AIA 304 Å saturation was first estab-lished during an X-ray outburst and illustrates the desaturation methodsneeded for precise chromospheric research. GOES peak saturation Sun: flares Sun: chromosphere Sun: UV radiation Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9292401","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":615962926,"identity":"f68492d6-3962-4884-9d53-a75a7cf02380","order_by":0,"name":"Baharu Ketema","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"Addis Ababa University Department of physics","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Baharu","middleName":"","lastName":"Ketema","suffix":""},{"id":615962927,"identity":"4f48c4df-b3c8-451d-bbdf-73f64ff9ddfd","order_by":1,"name":"Nagessa Tilahun","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Addis Ababa University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Nagessa","middleName":"","lastName":"Tilahun","suffix":""},{"id":615962928,"identity":"5d685610-d02d-4ab1-afae-801b2b602f1e","order_by":2,"name":"Abbi Seyoum","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Addis Ababa University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Abbi","middleName":"","lastName":"Seyoum","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-04-01 13:12:36","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9292401/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9292401/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":106727673,"identity":"69fd2fc2-1f54-4abb-a2c4-ee62d7294687","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-12 18:40:05","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1851383,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript1.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9292401/v1_covered_5f399a90-3f30-446f-94d9-929d70bd59dd.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eAnalysis of the 2012 March 7 X5.4 Solar Flare Using SDO/AIA 304 Å Observations\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"GOES peak, saturation, Sun: flares, Sun: chromosphere, Sun: UV radiation","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9292401/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9292401/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Our study gives the first quantitative saturation analysis of a solarflare utilizing the precise date of March 7, 2012, X5.4. In this instance,we choose the low-temperature wavelength of AIA 304 Å with an instru-mental threshold of 5000 DN/s to images, and at the GOES peak (00:24:51UT) 178 ± 13 pixels are saturated within the 100 × 100 pixel ROI, mak-ing up 1.78% ± 0.13% of the ROI. The intensity of 5587.9 ± 44 DN/s isexceeded by 12%. The saturated region increases to 0.67 pixels/s prior tothe peak decay to −0.90 pixels/s, peaking concurrently with the GOESX-ray emission. This shows that AIA 304 Å saturation was first estab-lished during an X-ray outburst and illustrates the desaturation methodsneeded for precise chromospheric research.","manuscriptTitle":"Analysis of the 2012 March 7 X5.4 Solar Flare Using SDO/AIA 304 Å Observations","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-04-02 09:59:09","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9292401/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"0f651c9e-68c7-40a3-81a3-1908f2c8b304","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 2nd, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-10T20:54:24+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-04-02 09:59:09","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-9292401","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-9292401","identity":"rs-9292401","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}