Optimal Power Split Control for State of Charge Balancing in Battery Systems with Integrated Spatial Thermal Analysis and Aging Estimation

Optimal Power Split Control for State of Charge Balancing in Battery Systems with Integrated Spatial Thermal Analysis and Aging Estimation | Authorea try { document.documentElement.classList.add('js'); } catch (e) { } var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'G-8VDV14Y67G']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); Skip to main content Preprints Collections Wiley Open Research IET Open Research Ecological Society of Japan All Collections About About Authorea FAQs Contact Us Quick Search anywhere Search for preprint articles, keywords, etc. Search Search ADVANCED SEARCH SCROLL Energy Storage This is a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. 9 January 2025 V1 Latest version Share on Optimal Power Split Control for State of Charge Balancing in Battery Systems with Integrated Spatial Thermal Analysis and Aging Estimation Authors : Vivek Teja Tanjavooru 0000-0001-9042-8067 [email protected] , Melina Graner , Prashant Pant 0000-0002-6616-9082 , Thomas Hamacher , and Holger Hesse Authors Info & Affiliations https://doi.org/10.22541/au.173641852.23711820/v1 Published Energy Storage Version of record Peer review timeline 409 views 224 downloads Contents Abstract Supplementary Material Information & Authors Metrics & Citations View Options References Figures Tables Media Share Abstract The achievement of optimal lifetime and efficiency in stationary battery energy storage systems (BESS) is crucial and may require custom-made operational strategies for each grid application. This work focuses on addressing one of the key operational challenges: power distribution among the sub-units of a BESS, which leads to uneven aging and affects the overall usable capacity of a multi-pack battery system. While adjusting power setpoints of these sub-units can improve efficiency and aging performance, it can inherently introduce challenges of state of charge (SOC) imbalance within the system. This imbalance, coupled with temperature inhomogeneities in the battery packs, significantly affect the aging rate and further exacerbate system imbalances. To mitigate imbalances, a model predictive control (MPC)-based optimizer for SOC balancing is developed and evaluated against conventional and literature-derived rule-based control (RBC) strategies. Mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) is incorporated into the MPC optimizer to account for non-linear inverter losses during operation. A 1D thermal simulation, developed in this study, is used to analyze the temperature imbalances caused by these control strategies. The simulation estimates the spatial temperature distribution within each pack at the end of the operation, considering internal dissipative losses in the battery modules under fixed boundary conditions for passive air cooling. The comparative case study conducted in this work focuses on key performance metrics such as availability index (AI), fulfilment factor (FF), inverter and battery efficiencies, and state of health (SOH). These metrics are computed by coupling the power split control strategies with 1D thermal and aging estimation models through an equivalent circuit model (ECM). It suggests that due to the delayed balance of the SOC and non-uniform power distribution in RBC strategies, the availability and energy throughput of the system is lower than the desired 100% achieved using MPC. In addition, higher battery pack temperatures of up to 314 K in one of the RBC strategies were estimated, while MPC control induced a maximum temperature of up to 300 K thereby also achieving more balanced temperatures across packs. With the help of the SOC and temperature profiles during their operation, these control strategies are compared for their aging. MPC control strategy exhibited the lowest drop in state of health due to maintaining lower temperatures and mean SOC levels. Supplementary Material File (tanjavooru_wiley.pdf) Download 9.92 MB Information & Authors Information Version history V1 Version 1 09 January 2025 Peer review timeline Published Energy Storage Version of Record 11 Jun 2025 Published Copyright This work is licensed under a Non Exclusive No Reuse License. Collection Energy Storage Keywords battery efficiency thermal Authors Affiliations Vivek Teja Tanjavooru 0000-0001-9042-8067 [email protected] Hochschule fur angewandte Wissenschaften Kempten View all articles by this author Melina Graner Hochschule fur angewandte Wissenschaften Kempten View all articles by this author Prashant Pant 0000-0002-6616-9082 Technische Universitat Munchen School of Engineering and Design View all articles by this author Thomas Hamacher Technische Universitat Munchen School of Engineering and Design View all articles by this author Holger Hesse Hochschule fur angewandte Wissenschaften Kempten View all articles by this author Metrics & Citations Metrics Article Usage 409 views 224 downloads .FvxKWukQNSOunydq8rnd { width: 100px; } Citations Download citation Vivek Teja Tanjavooru, Melina Graner, Prashant Pant, et al. Optimal Power Split Control for State of Charge Balancing in Battery Systems with Integrated Spatial Thermal Analysis and Aging Estimation. Authorea . 09 January 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22541/au.173641852.23711820/v1 If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download. For more information or tips please see 'Downloading to a citation manager' in the Help menu . Format Please select one from the list RIS (ProCite, Reference Manager) EndNote BibTex Medlars RefWorks Direct import Tips for downloading citations document.getElementById('citMgrHelpLink').addEventListener('click', function() { popupHelp(this.href); return false; }); $(".js__slcInclude").on("change", function(e){ if ($(this).val() == 'refworks') $('#direct').prop("checked", false); $('#direct').prop("disabled", ($(this).val() == 'refworks')); }); View Options View options PDF View PDF Figures Tables Media Share Share Share article link Copy Link Copied! Copying failed. 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