Evaluation of The Effect of Hydrothermal Pretreatment on Food Waste for Bacterial Cellulose Fermentation Medium

Evaluation of The Effect of Hydrothermal Pretreatment on Food Waste for Bacterial Cellulose Fermentation Medium | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Evaluation of The Effect of Hydrothermal Pretreatment on Food Waste for Bacterial Cellulose Fermentation Medium Muhammad Irhamni Haziqi Nasharudin, Gek Kee Chua, Mohd Hairul Ab Rahim, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6442446/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 27 Oct, 2025 Read the published version in Waste and Biomass Valorization → Version 1 posted 5 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Purpose Hydrothermal pretreatment stands out for its efficiency and simplicity yet offers economic and environmental benefits. Its application on non-fibrous organic waste such as food and fruit waste are deemed efficient and does not require extreme working parameters. This study evaluated the effect of predetermined parameters on the hydrothermal pretreatment of various food waste. We aimed to establish a set of parameters for the hydrothermal pretreatment, to promote the utilisation of waste for fermentation into value-added products. Methods The wastes were homogenized and treated at varying temperatures, incubation times, and water ratios. Reducing sugar, protein, and lipid content was analysed pre- and post-treatment. The treated waste was used as a medium for bacterial cellulose fermentation and the yield was compared to chemical medium. Results The models identified the best parameters for maximizing glucose production, achieving 443.202 mg/mL (KW), 421.453 mg/mL (GW), and 295.484 mg/mL (WW), with high desirability values for all samples. Attempts to produce BC from the treated waste recorded promising results. While KW had higher glucose content post-hydrothermal pretreatment, GW and WW produced more BC due to lower oil content, which did not interfere with the oxygen transfer. Conclusion The conducted hydrothermal pretreatment at the pre-optimized conditions increased the potential of FW as a media substitute for BC production. Hydrothermal pretreatment Bioconversion Kitchen waste Fruit waste Bacterial cellulose Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 27 Oct, 2025 Read the published version in Waste and Biomass Valorization → Version 1 posted Reviewers agreed at journal 29 Apr, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 28 Apr, 2025 Editor invited by journal 27 Apr, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 14 Apr, 2025 First submitted to journal 13 Apr, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6442446","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":449296852,"identity":"6e925fe1-e3fa-4faa-bc2c-9eb1d29a64df","order_by":0,"name":"Muhammad Irhamni Haziqi Nasharudin","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Universiti Malaysia Pahang Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi Industri: Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi Industri","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Muhammad","middleName":"Irhamni 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Its application on non-fibrous organic waste such as food and fruit waste are deemed efficient and does not require extreme working parameters. This study evaluated the effect of predetermined parameters on the hydrothermal pretreatment of various food waste. We aimed to establish a set of parameters for the hydrothermal pretreatment, to promote the utilisation of waste for fermentation into value-added products.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMethods The wastes were homogenized and treated at varying temperatures, incubation times, and water ratios. Reducing sugar, protein, and lipid content was analysed pre- and post-treatment. The treated waste was used as a medium for bacterial cellulose fermentation and the yield was compared to chemical medium.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResults The models identified the best parameters for maximizing glucose production, achieving 443.202 mg/mL (KW), 421.453 mg/mL (GW), and 295.484 mg/mL (WW), with high desirability values for all samples. Attempts to produce BC from the treated waste recorded promising results. While KW had higher glucose content post-hydrothermal pretreatment, GW and WW produced more BC due to lower oil content, which did not interfere with the oxygen transfer.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConclusion The conducted hydrothermal pretreatment at the pre-optimized conditions increased the potential of FW as a media substitute for BC production.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Evaluation of The Effect of Hydrothermal Pretreatment on Food Waste for Bacterial Cellulose Fermentation Medium","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-04-30 23:09:33","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6442446/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"","date":"2025-04-30T02:35:21+00:00","index":0,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-04-28T19:22:56+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"Waste and Biomass Valorization","date":"2025-04-27T21:22:43+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-04-14T20:26:43+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Waste and Biomass Valorization","date":"2025-04-14T00:52:45+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"waste-and-biomass-valorization","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"wave","sideBox":"Learn more about [Waste and Biomass Valorization](http://link.springer.com/journal/12649)","snPcode":"12649","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/12649/3","title":"Waste and Biomass Valorization","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"f80cc7d1-53ea-4ed4-aaf1-1e4833797d14","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 30th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-11-03T16:01:14+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-6442446","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-025-03346-5","journal":{"identity":"waste-and-biomass-valorization","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Waste and Biomass Valorization"},"publishedOn":"2025-10-27 15:57:40","publishedOnDateReadable":"October 27th, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-04-30 23:09:33","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s12649-025-03346-5","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-025-03346-5","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6442446","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6442446","identity":"rs-6442446","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}