The bias effect of technical change from the energy-saving and low-carbon environmental regulations in China, Japan, and South Korea

The bias effect of technical change from the energy-saving and low-carbon environmental regulations in China, Japan, and South Korea | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article The bias effect of technical change from the energy-saving and low-carbon environmental regulations in China, Japan, and South Korea Jing Xiu, Jiaqi Lu, Tongtong Man, Peng Pan This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7749503/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 11 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract China, Japan, and South Korea are geographically adjacent. As the core powers in Northeast Asia, they have set the goal of achieving carbon neutrality by the middle of this century. Energy-saving and low-carbon regulations have become vital policy tools for countries to achieve sustainable development. This paper employs ridge regression to estimate the production function from a low-carbon perspective, thereby measuring the bias of technical change. The research findings are as follows. At this stage, concerning the entire economic system, technical change has consistently favored increased energy consumption and carbon emissions. However, this bias has gradually weakened over time. The energy of China, Japan, and South Korea is mainly fossil and relies heavily on imports, and carbon emissions inherently produce negative externalities with extensive and long-term impacts. In the future, energy and carbon deviations at the technological level are key to the long-term and sustainable development of the economic system. The achievement of the "Dual Carbon" goals in China, Japan, and South Korea is inherently dependent on energy conservation and low-carbon technologies from a technological perspective. Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental sciences Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental social sciences Social science/Environmental studies Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 16 Mar, 2026 Reviews received at journal 25 Feb, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 25 Jan, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 21 Jan, 2026 Reviews received at journal 17 Jan, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 08 Jan, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 06 Jan, 2026 Editor invited by journal 10 Dec, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 28 Nov, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 29 Oct, 2025 First submitted to journal 29 Oct, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7749503","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":570374608,"identity":"5a83b9a6-c1ce-4038-a7bd-a89711efed43","order_by":0,"name":"Jing 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