A systematic approach to the management of massive hemoptysis.

Airway management in the setting of massive hemoptysis is often dealt with under urgent/emergent situations. When managing massive hemoptysis, a systematic approach is key to timely control and reversal of potentially fatal complications (Figure 3). Preparedness and prevention prior to endobronchial procedures, careful review of patients risk factors and procedure indication are essential. Ideally, management approaches listed above, need to be rehearsed in advance during simulation session as a team. A multidisciplinary team approach (pulmonology, interventional pulmonology, interventional radiology and surgery) should be undertaken as soon as the condition is identified. When managing massive hemoptysis, time is alveoli!

The authors would like to thank Trinidad Sanchez, MD, for her work on figures and data collection. Footnote Conflicts of Interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

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