Effects of Sound-based Meditative Healing Method on Stress, Tension, Cortisol’s Level & Blood Pressure: A Randomised Controlled Trial.

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Fighting these conditions has become a struggle for every individual. Introducing integrative traditional medicinal techniques such as sound-based meditations, especially from various forms of singing bowls, gongs and pre-recorded sound frequencies such as solfeggio frequencies (mainly 528 Hz), was found to be beneficial significantly. This study investigated the effects of sound-based meditation for four weeks, 60 minutes every day, on the stress, anxiety, tension, mood, cortisol levels, blood pressure and spiritual well-being of participants. One hundred men and women (mean age: 45 years) were included. They are divided into two groups, i.e., the control group (n=50) undergoes meditation without received a sham sound intervention , simulating the sound-based setup without therapeutic frequencies, and the experimental group (n=50) undergoes the intervention of all forms of sound-based meditation techniques. The observations revealed that the participants in the control group had no evidence of positive changes in the levels of stress , anxiety, tension, cortisol, mood, or blood pressure (p>0.05), with no significant changes remaining. The experimental group reported significant positive changes in stress, anxiety, tension, cortisol, and blood parameters after the sound-based meditation intervention (p<0.001) . This can be used in all stressful environments, such as meditation centres, counselling centres, companies, industries, and educational institutions, to bring back a harmonious and calm mind-set among the people. Anxiety depression management sound-based meditation frequency healing Figures Figure 1 Introduction Conservatively, mental health issues, cardiac diseases such as hypertension, and addictive behaviour are all directly proportional to stress, tension and personal well-being (Richardson S). Long-term stress-related disorders such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease and impaired cognitive function require the exploration of interventions to mitigate these effects (Santisteban). Integrative approaches, such as singing bowls, gongs, hearing music and sound-based meditation, have gained attention for their potential to harmonise the mind and body (Modran) (Shen). Sound-based meditation includes recorded sound frequency, such as solfeggio frequency (528 Hz), singing bowls, and gongs are rooted in ancient traditions and are believed to influence the body’s bio-field and physiological responses (Allen L). These practices aim to induce relaxation, reduce stress and promote overall well-being through the therapeutic use of sound waves and vibrations (Shen). Despite the growing popularity of sound-based meditation, the research findings are limited. This randomised controlled trial investigated the effects of sound-based meditation on stress, anxiety, blood pressure, and cortisol levels (Staufenbiel). The outcomes of the control group and the experimental group undergoing the sound-based meditation intervention were compared. This study seeks to provide empirical evidence for the efficacy of sound-based meditation, especially solfeggio frequency (528 Hz), the singing bowl, gongs and pre-recorded harmonious sounds (Modran). The findings support the incorporation of sound-based meditation healing techniques for stress, anxiety, trauma, blood pressure and other psychological illnesses. Methods The study consisted of a convenience sample of 100 participants, with ages ranging from 21–65 years; the mean age = 46.37 years, SD = 13.50 years, 50 females (n = 50) and 50 males (n = 50). Sound-based meditation was conducted at the Meditation Centres of the UNS Research Council, Tamil Nadu, India. This randomised controlled study was performed over approximately four weeks. The data were collected by the principal investigator Mr. Suresh Sathyanarayanan. Dr Hemachandran Ravikumar, MRSB. Rsci (UK) drafted the reports and generated the scientific findings. All the participants provided written concerns about volunteering in the study, and the study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) & Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) of the UNS Research Council. The participants are randomly divided into two groups. The control group (n = 50) comprises 50 participants received a sham intervention involving non-therapeutic ambient noise (e.g., white noise or neutral tones) or wore headphones playing silent/low-volume audio, designed to simulate the setting of the experimental condition without providing the therapeutic elements of sound-based meditation.”, and the other group is an experimental group (n = 50) comprising 50 participants who undergo sound-based meditation (Intervention). The demographics of the groups are presented in Table 1 . Design The participants were provided with standardised questionnaires before meditation, which included the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) (Snaith). Tension, anger and stress are analysed via the Profile of Mood States (POMS-SF) (Shacham) to assess well-being. Blood pressure was monitored via automated sphygmomanometers (O'Brien E) regularly before and after sound-based meditation. Additionally, the morning blood cortisol level (J Aubets) was evaluated before the commencement of the trial and four weeks after the completion of sound-based meditation. Following meditation, the participants were also asked about the questionnaires with post-meditation questionnaires to evaluate the significance of the trial. Table 1 Characteristic All (n = 100) Males (n = 50) Females (n = 50) Age in years, mean (SD) 49.7 (13.0) 42.0 (15.8) 51.0 (12.0) Education Background High school 10 12 8 Some college 30 28 32 BA/BS 35 34 36 Masters 20 18 22 PhD/MD 5 8 2 Marital Status Single 40 45 35 Partner 10 12 8 Married 30 25 25 Divorced 18 15 20 Widowed 2 3 2 Meditation experience, % Yes 80 85 75 No 20 15 25 Bowl experience, % Yes 60 58 62 No 40 42 38 Sound Meditation Protocol The participants were advised to bring yoga mats or blankets to perform sound-based meditation (Goldsby). They can choose their comfortable position. The participants can also lie down in a supine position to synchronise easily with the process. The participants in the control group and the experimental group were evaluated separately. The control group (n = 50) and experimental group (n = 50) are numbered with participant IDs for easy evaluation. The participants are arranged in circular form so that the sound-producing instruments and pre-recorded sound frequency can be played from the centre. The musical instruments consisted of a Singing bowl, gongs, Tingshas (Cymbals), Bells, Small Bells, and recorded Sound Frequencies such as 528 Hz (Solfeggio frequency). The meditation is focused mainly on the recorded sound frequency efficiency (approx. 75%), and the remaining (approx. 25%) is concentrated on the efficiency of singing bowls and bells. The room is made of higher ambient water for easy ventilation, and insane sticks are used to make it more presentable. The singing bowls were large, ranging from 10–12 inches, and the small bowls were 4–6 inches. Crystal bowls were also used in this trial, along with smaller bells, to make the sounds more pleasant to hear. The sounds were primarily produced by the recorded sound frequency of 528 Hz and vibrations created by hitting or tapping the singing bowls, bells and gongs with mallets. The room was made available with a 5.1 Channel speaker system (four-channel speaker in four corners, one in the centre and one subwoofer) to create surrounding effects of the sound frequency. Each participant had at least one singing bowl, one crystal bowl and one bell near His or her head. The bowls and bells were struck with a wooden mallet (Goldsby) in a regular sequence to synchronise with the background playing frequency of 528 Hz recorded solfeggio frequency. The duration of this sound-based meditation is approximately 60 minutes every day. The control group participants designed to replicate the sensation of sound-based meditation without producing therapeutic frequencies, the control group underwent a sham condition. This involved running white noise through the same 5.1 speaker system utilising the same ambient arrangement. The teacher used the same framework to keep consistency and lower expectations impact. In contrast, the experimental group was advised to visit once daily in the centre during the allotted time. Additionally, they were asked to perform self-meditation in their homes or silent spaces at their convenience, with the provided pre-recorded sound frequency for 20 minutes in the morning after waking up and 20 minutes before sleeping at night. They were advised not to be involved in harsh arguments, emotional conflicts or late-night sleep. The participants were provided with a vegan diet chart for easy digestion, and they were advised to stay calm until the completion of the trial. ( The participants are free to withdraw in case of any emergencies with a letter of withdrawal to the principal investigator ). At the beginning of the sound healing meditation, the field controller instructed everyone about the trial and advised everyone to lie down, and if they wished to fall asleep, they were allowed to do so. Every participant had one instructor sitting near their head to strike the gongs and singing bowl in synchrony with background recorded sounds. The field controller told them to observe the sensations and changes happening in their bodies during meditation and asked them to relax and enjoy the meditation. Then, the sound meditation began. After the conclusion of the meditation, the field instructors advised the participants to gently become aware of their surroundings and were also instructed to take their time in readjusting to a state of awareness (Goldsby). Data analysis The analysis was performed with SciPy 1.0, Microsoft Excel 2007, and D. (2007), Matplotlib: 2D Graphics Environment for the calculations, trends, and graphs. The data were normally distributed. Results The analysis revealed significant differences in all parameters, i.e., HADS-A score, HADS-D score, cortisol level, and blood pressure and the spiritual score were also recorded (Table 2 ). Table 2 Table 2 shows the average means and standard divisions before and after sound-based meditation, and the abbreviations include the Hospital Anxiety & Depression Scale (HADS) (Snaith). Tension, anger and stress are analysed via the Profile of Mood States (POMS-SF) (Shacham). Measure n Pre Mean Pre SD Post Mean Post SD Change Mean p- value η2 HADS_Anxiety 100 10.29 2.72 9 2.96 -1.29 0.004 0.08 HADS_Depression 100 10.19 3.25 8.58 2.68 -1.62 0.000 0.13 Cortisol_Level 100 15.23 1.28 13.52 1.62 -1.71 0.000 0.4 Blood Pressure 100 130.12 5.34 124.4 5.81 -5.72 0.000 0.33 The effect varied across age, group, and sex and between the control groups (received a sham sound meditation designed to mimic the therapeutic environment without delivering actual healing frequencies (e.g., white noise)). And the experimental group (received full-spectrum sound-based meditation using singing bowls, bells, and pre-recorded 528 Hz Solfeggio frequencies). The age group effect has shown that participants aged approximately 20–39 years (middle-aged) and 40–59 years (seniors) have the most significant reductions in tension, anxiety, and depression, with moderate to high effect sizes, indicating positive intervention efficacy. However, the age group of 60–79 years (seniors) is smaller, although the values are statistically significant. Table 3 Measure Group n Pre Mean Pre SD Post Mean Post SD Change Mean p- value η 2 Significance Tension (POMS) Control 50 9.92 2.8 10.28 3.05 0.36 0.567 0.01 No Tension (POMS) Experimental 50 10.65 2.62 7.71 2.23 -2.94 0.000 0.39 Yes Anxiety (HADS) Control 50 9.92 2.8 10.28 3.05 0.36 0.567 0.01 No Anxiety (HADS) Experimental 50 10.65 2.62 7.71 2.23 -2.94 0.000 0.39 Yes Depressed Mood (HADS) Control 50 10.45 3.28 9.8 2.32 -0.66 0.256 0.03 No Depressed Mood (HADS) Experimental 50 9.94 3.24 7.35 2.46 -2.58 0.000 0.3 Yes (Table 3 ). “Yes” indicates that the results are significant according to the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) (Snaith). Tension, anger and stress are analysed via the Profile of Mood States (POMS-SF) (Shacham). The sex analysis revealed that females experienced greater reductions in tension and anxiety than males did, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) and a moderate effect size. Additionally, both genders showed a reduction in depression, in some cases with a greater effect size (η 2 = 0.21), with females showing moderate significance compared with males. Ref Fig: 1,2,3,4. The experimental group showed substantial decreases in tension, anxiety, depression, and cortisol, with a statistically significant effect size (η 2 = 0.39) and high statistical significance (p < 0.001). The control group exhibited negligible changes across all the parameters and did not produce a significant value, which made the intervention more significant. Ref Fig: 1,2,3,4. Discussion This was a randomised control study designed to examine the potential effects of sound frequency and solfeggio frequency (528 Hz) on tension, anger, anxiety, and spiritual well-being. The study revealed a significant change in all the parameters that were considered, which proves that sound-based meditation is an efficient intervention. The average difference in the pre-and post-meditation scales was highly significant for the participants in the experimental group compared with those in the control group; these findings support the hypothesis that sound meditation relaxes tension & helps decrease stress The reduced value of the cortisol level from premeditation (average mean = 15.23) to post-meditation (average mean = 13.52) shows that the intervention is significant in supporting the hypothesis that sound meditation reduces stress among the experimental group and that the control group undergoing the placebo effect (received a sham sound meditation designed to mimic the therapeutic environment without delivering actual healing frequencies (e.g., white noise)) has shown less significant results. The scores were obtained from the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) for Anxiety & Depression. Tension, anger and stress are analysed via the Profile of Mood States (POMS-SF) and compared to form an analysis table. The (P < 0.001) value after meditation shows that the change is significant on the positive side. (Ref. Table 2 , 3 ) While the physiological effects of sound meditation on the brain are still unknown, findings have shown that it promotes psychological well-being among participants. Similarly, (Arroyo-Anlló) presented a systematic investigation of music-based interventions in Alzheimer’s disease patients to evaluate the emotional skills that produced some minor changes in the experimental group compared with the control group; however, it was a good intervention for future studies (Goldsby), emphasising that the effect of sound meditation on the brain is unknown. Nevertheless, they were successful in determining the effects of singing bowl meditation on mood, tension, stress and spiritual well-being in an observational study. This study was limited to observing only the experimental group, and it highlighted the need for interventions involving sound-based meditation among the control and experimental groups. Another study revealed that the potential influence of sound waves on the body's biofield may contribute to changes in mood and psychological responses (Allen L). Additionally, a study focused on the effect of the singing bowl on blood pressure through 3D imprinting data (Barrass). Another randomised crossover study (Landry) determined that the physiological and psychological effects of Himalayan singing bowls are significant in directed relaxation sessions. A previous study (Allen L) investigated the effects of a quartz bowl on altering the energy balance of the body via acupuncture meridians. The effects of singing bowls, gongs, and bell-based relaxation were highly efficient on the basis of previous studies. Our study mainly concentrates on randomised control studies to determine the exact significance of sound-based meditation. On the basis of the available data from the study, it is clear that the intervention is important for reducing stress, tension, and blood pressure and for creating a harmonious mind-set. Additionally, to follow sound-based meditation, the participants need not be experts; they can even fall asleep during the session and experience deep relaxation. In summary, this randomised controlled study revealed the beneficial effects of sound-based meditation, especially solfeggio sound frequency (528 Hz), on tension, stress, blood pressure and anxiety among individuals. In addition, future research could explore the effects of long-term interventions on various psychological conditions in greater depth. Crucially, including a sham sound condition reduces the risk of expectation effects or nonspecific benefits connected with the meditative setting, therefore strengthening the evidentiary basis. Although the control group showed no significant changes, the experimental group constantly demonstrated gains in all evaluated areas, therefore highlighting the possibilities of sound-based treatments in clinical and wellness environments. Limitations The limitation of the present study is the short timeline. This study, however, provides the groundwork for future long-term studies regarding the effects of sound-based meditation. Declarations Author Contributions Mr. Suresh Sathyanarayanan designed the study; Dr. Hemachandran Ravikumar provided ideas on the final design and selection of assessment tools. Both authors were involved in the collection of data, summarising, statistical analysis and finalising the report. Dr. Hemachandran Ravikumar provided the initial draft of the manuscript, and the final version is made available by considerations of both. Declarations of conflicts of interest The authors declare that they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning the study design, research analysis or publication of this article. Data Availability Ravikumar, Hemachandran (2025), “Analysed Data's of Effects of Sound-based Meditative Healing Method on Stress, Tension, Cortisol’s Level & Blood Pressure: A Randomised Controlled Trial.”, Mendeley Data, V2, doi: 10.17632/ts5sbcxgv9.2 Trial Registration: The trial was registered under Clinical trial registry of India with registration number CTRI/2025/01/078996. Trial Registered Prospectively on 20/01/2025. Consent to Participate All participants voluntarily agreed to participate in the study and provided written informed consent prior to enrolment. The study team ensured that participants understood the purpose, methodology, and potential risks or benefits of the trial. Consent was obtained in accordance with institutional guidelines approved by the Ethics Committee of the UNS Research Council, India. Ethical Approval This study was conducted in full compliance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki (2013 revision) . Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) and the Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) of the UNS Research Council, India. Approval ID: UNS/IEC/2024/12/11. All procedures involving human participants were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. Human Ethics and Consent to Participate Declarations The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) of the UNS Research Council and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants provided written informed consent prior to participation. The researchers ensured the confidentiality and anonymity of participant data throughout the study. Funding The work was supported by the UNS Research Council & UNS Digital Technologies Pvt Ltd. Ethical Approval The study was approved by the Review and Ethics Committee of the UNS Research Council, India. All participants provided written informed consent about the trial. References Allen, L., & Shealy, N. (2005). An exploration of the effects of toning and quartz crystal bowls on the energetic balance in the body as measured electrically through the acupuncture merid. Subtle Energies Energy Med , 16 (2), 5–8. Arroyo-Anlló, Eva, M., et al. (2019). Music and emotion in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's research & therapy , 11 (1), 69. Barrass (2014). Acoustic sonification of blood pressure in the form of a singing bowl. Conference on Sonification of Health and Environmental Data (SoniHED). Yourk, UK: University of York. Goldsby, T. L., et al. (2017). Effects of Singing Bowl Sound Meditation on Mood, Tension, and Well-being: An Observational Study. Journal of evidence-based complementary & alternative medicine , 22 (3), 401–406. Aubets, J., & Segura, J. (1995). Salivary cortisol as a marker of competition related stress. Science & sports , 10 (3), 149–154. Landry (2013). Physiological and psychological effects of a Himalayan singing bowl in meditation practice: a quantitative analysis. American Journal Of Health Promotion : Ajhp : 306–309. Modran, H. A., et al. (2023). Modran, Horia Alexandru et a Using Deep Learning to Recognize Therapeutic Effects of Music Based on Emotions. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) , 23 (2), 986. O'Brien, E., Waeber, B., Parati, G., Staessen, J., & Myers, M. G. (2001). Blood pressure measuring devices: recommendations of the European Society of Hypertension. Bmj , 322 (7285), 531–536. Richardson, S., Shaffer, J. A., Falzon, L., Krupka, D., Davidson, K. W., & Edmondson, D. (2012). Meta-analysis of perceived stress and its association with incident coronary heart disease. JAMA Cardiol , 110 (12), 1711–1716. Santisteban, M. M., et al. (2023). Hypertension, Neurovascular Dysfunction, and Cognitive Impairment. Hypertension , 80 (1), 22–34. Shacham, S. (1983). A Shortened Version of the Profile of Mood States. Journal of Personality Assessment , 47 (3), 305–306. Shen, Q. (2023). The influence of music teaching appreciation on the mental health of college students based on multimedia data analysis. PeerJ Computer science : e1589. Snaith, R. P. (2003). The Hospital Anxiety And Depression Scale. Health And Quality Of Life Outcomes , 1 , 29. Staufenbiel, S. M. (2013). Hair cortisol, stress exposure, and mental health in humans: a systematic review. Psychoneuroendocrinology : 1220–1235. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files Tabletrial.docx TrialDataSheet2025.pdf Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 2 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Show more versions Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7554543","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Systematic Review","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":515471033,"identity":"7075e000-2f6d-49ff-9f5a-5892e8a75107","order_by":0,"name":"Hemachandran Ravikumar","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"N\u0026H Research Park","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hemachandran","middleName":"","lastName":"Ravikumar","suffix":""},{"id":515471034,"identity":"f65a3e2d-f23e-4121-8e50-ea684db120d8","order_by":1,"name":"Suresh sathyanarayanan","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA50lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACNgbGBwwfGA7A+AfAYgS0MBswziBJCwNQCzMPSVr4pJsZH9vuuJPPz3/44OeKmjt5/LOPJTD8qNiG22Eyh5mNc888s5w5Iy1Z8syxZ8US59IOMPacuY1bi0T+MenctsMGBjd4DCQbGw4nNpxhb2BmbMOnJZlN2hKoxf78+c8/QVrmE6WFEWQLQw4b2JYNZ9gOENLCbNgL1CJxI83MsuHY4WLDM2wJB/H5RX5GMuODn0At/P2HH99sqDmcJ3eGzfDBjwrcWjBAAog4QLx6mJZRMApGwSgYBcgAAGStWeig1zFRAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Golden Gate University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Suresh","middleName":"","lastName":"sathyanarayanan","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-09-07 07:11:01","currentVersionCode":2,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":true,"vertebrateSubjects":false,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":true,"humanSubjectConsent":true,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":true,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7554543/v2","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7554543/v2","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":91485144,"identity":"0d92220a-0a1f-43e7-b004-99ef96d11b4a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-17 04:50:53","extension":"jpeg","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":73730,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGraph showing the significant differences among the groups\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage1.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7554543/v2/10096b7023b53f59346c36fa.jpeg"},{"id":98774791,"identity":"c46db0e1-c64c-440b-9551-340381da23da","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-22 12:14:21","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":783228,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7554543/v2/5c7aea26-e3fd-473e-9107-1b818532704c.pdf"},{"id":91485146,"identity":"a00dc128-a4e5-4927-bbe6-7e93e14eba79","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-17 04:50:54","extension":"docx","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":18218,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Tabletrial.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7554543/v2/e7ea399a6be9614a1b5994fe.docx"},{"id":91487986,"identity":"b9b12541-17a6-4b45-a97c-de4ba4972d7f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-17 05:06:54","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":524376,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"TrialDataSheet2025.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7554543/v2/5ca1be22eac8c43758f7ebcd.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Effects of Sound-based Meditative Healing Method on Stress, Tension, Cortisol’s Level \u0026amp; Blood Pressure: A Randomised Controlled Trial","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eConservatively, mental health issues, cardiac diseases such as hypertension, and addictive behaviour are all directly proportional to stress, tension and personal well-being (Richardson S). Long-term stress-related disorders such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease and impaired cognitive function require the exploration of interventions to mitigate these effects (Santisteban). Integrative approaches, such as singing bowls, gongs, hearing music and sound-based meditation, have gained attention for their potential to harmonise the mind and body (Modran) (Shen).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSound-based meditation includes recorded sound frequency, such as solfeggio frequency (528 Hz), singing bowls, and gongs are rooted in ancient traditions and are believed to influence the body\u0026rsquo;s bio-field and physiological responses (Allen L). These practices aim to induce relaxation, reduce stress and promote overall well-being through the therapeutic use of sound waves and vibrations (Shen). Despite the growing popularity of sound-based meditation, the research findings are limited.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis randomised controlled trial investigated the effects of sound-based meditation on stress, anxiety, blood pressure, and cortisol levels (Staufenbiel). The outcomes of the control group and the experimental group undergoing the sound-based meditation intervention were compared. This study seeks to provide empirical evidence for the efficacy of sound-based meditation, especially solfeggio frequency (528 Hz), the singing bowl, gongs and pre-recorded harmonious sounds (Modran). The findings support the incorporation of sound-based meditation healing techniques for stress, anxiety, trauma, blood pressure and other psychological illnesses.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe study consisted of a convenience sample of 100 participants, with ages ranging from 21\u0026ndash;65 years; the mean age\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;46.37 years, SD\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;13.50 years, 50 females (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;50) and 50 males (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;50). Sound-based meditation was conducted at the Meditation Centres of the UNS Research Council, Tamil Nadu, India. This randomised controlled study was performed over approximately four weeks.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe data were collected by the principal investigator Mr. Suresh Sathyanarayanan. Dr Hemachandran Ravikumar, MRSB. Rsci (UK) drafted the reports and generated the scientific findings. All the participants provided written concerns about volunteering in the study, and the study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) \u0026amp; Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) of the UNS Research Council.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe participants are randomly divided into two groups. The control group (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;50) comprises 50 participants received a sham intervention involving non-therapeutic ambient noise (e.g., white noise or neutral tones) or wore headphones playing silent/low-volume audio, designed to simulate the setting of the experimental condition without providing the therapeutic elements of sound-based meditation.\u0026rdquo;, and the other group is an experimental group (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;50) comprising 50 participants who undergo sound-based meditation (Intervention). The demographics of the groups are presented in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDesign\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe participants were provided with standardised questionnaires before meditation, which included the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) (Snaith). Tension, anger and stress are analysed via the Profile of Mood States (POMS-SF) (Shacham) to assess well-being. Blood pressure was monitored via automated sphygmomanometers (O'Brien E) regularly before and after sound-based meditation. Additionally, the morning blood cortisol level (J Aubets) was evaluated before the commencement of the trial and four weeks after the completion of sound-based meditation. Following meditation, the participants were also asked about the questionnaires with post-meditation questionnaires to evaluate the significance of the trial.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCharacteristic\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAll (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;100)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMales (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;50)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFemales (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;50)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAge in years, mean (SD)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e49.7 (13.0)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e42.0 (15.8)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e51.0 (12.0)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEducation Background\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHigh school\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSome college\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBA/BS\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e36\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMasters\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePhD/MD\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMarital Status\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSingle\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e45\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePartner\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMarried\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDivorced\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWidowed\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeditation experience, %\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e75\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBowl experience, %\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e58\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e62\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e42\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e38\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSound Meditation Protocol\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe participants were advised to bring yoga mats or blankets to perform sound-based meditation (Goldsby). They can choose their comfortable position. The participants can also lie down in a supine position to synchronise easily with the process. The participants in the control group and the experimental group were evaluated separately. The control group (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;50) and experimental group (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;50) are numbered with participant IDs for easy evaluation. The participants are arranged in circular form so that the sound-producing instruments and pre-recorded sound frequency can be played from the centre.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe musical instruments consisted of a Singing bowl, gongs, Tingshas (Cymbals), Bells, Small Bells, and recorded Sound Frequencies such as 528 Hz (Solfeggio frequency). The meditation is focused mainly on the recorded sound frequency efficiency (approx. 75%), and the remaining (approx. 25%) is concentrated on the efficiency of singing bowls and bells.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe room is made of higher ambient water for easy ventilation, and insane sticks are used to make it more presentable. The singing bowls were large, ranging from 10\u0026ndash;12 inches, and the small bowls were 4\u0026ndash;6 inches. Crystal bowls were also used in this trial, along with smaller bells, to make the sounds more pleasant to hear. The sounds were primarily produced by the recorded sound frequency of 528 Hz and vibrations created by hitting or tapping the singing bowls, bells and gongs with mallets.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe room was made available with a 5.1 Channel speaker system (four-channel speaker in four corners, one in the centre and one subwoofer) to create surrounding effects of the sound frequency. Each participant had at least one singing bowl, one crystal bowl and one bell near His or her head. The bowls and bells were struck with a wooden mallet (Goldsby) in a regular sequence to synchronise with the background playing frequency of 528 Hz recorded solfeggio frequency. The duration of this sound-based meditation is approximately 60 minutes every day. The control group participants designed to replicate the sensation of sound-based meditation without producing therapeutic frequencies, the control group underwent a sham condition. This involved running white noise through the same 5.1 speaker system utilising the same ambient arrangement. The teacher used the same framework to keep consistency and lower expectations impact. In contrast, the experimental group was advised to visit once daily in the centre during the allotted time. Additionally, they were asked to perform self-meditation in their homes or silent spaces at their convenience, with the provided pre-recorded sound frequency for 20 minutes in the morning after waking up and 20 minutes before sleeping at night. They were advised not to be involved in harsh arguments, emotional conflicts or late-night sleep. The participants were provided with a vegan diet chart for easy digestion, and they were advised to stay calm until the completion of the trial. (\u003cem\u003eThe participants are free to withdraw in case of any emergencies with a letter of withdrawal to the principal investigator\u003c/em\u003e\u003cb\u003e).\u003c/b\u003e At the beginning of the sound healing meditation, the field controller instructed everyone about the trial and advised everyone to lie down, and if they wished to fall asleep, they were allowed to do so. Every participant had one instructor sitting near their head to strike the gongs and singing bowl in synchrony with background recorded sounds. The field controller told them to observe the sensations and changes happening in their bodies during meditation and asked them to relax and enjoy the meditation. Then, the sound meditation began. After the conclusion of the meditation, the field instructors advised the participants to gently become aware of their surroundings and were also instructed to take their time in readjusting to a state of awareness (Goldsby).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec2\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eData analysis\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe analysis was performed with SciPy 1.0, Microsoft Excel 2007, and D. (2007), Matplotlib: 2D Graphics Environment for the calculations, trends, and graphs. The data were normally distributed.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe analysis revealed significant differences in all parameters, i.e., HADS-A score, HADS-D score, cortisol level, and blood pressure and the spiritual score were also recorded (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eshows the average means and standard divisions before and after sound-based meditation, and the abbreviations include the Hospital Anxiety \u0026amp; Depression Scale (HADS)\u003c/em\u003e (Snaith). \u003cem\u003eTension, anger and stress are analysed via the Profile of Mood States (POMS-SF)\u003c/em\u003e (Shacham).\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"9\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasure\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePre Mean\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePre SD\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePost Mean\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePost SD\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eChange Mean\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep-\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003evalue\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eη2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHADS_Anxiety\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.29\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.72\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.96\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-1.29\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.004\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHADS_Depression\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.19\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.25\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.58\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.68\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-1.62\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.13\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCortisol_Level\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15.23\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.28\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13.52\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.62\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-1.71\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBlood Pressure\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e130.12\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.34\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e124.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.81\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-5.72\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.33\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe effect varied across age, group, and sex and between the control groups (received a sham sound meditation designed to mimic the therapeutic environment without delivering actual healing frequencies (e.g., white noise)). And the experimental group (received full-spectrum sound-based meditation using singing bowls, bells, and pre-recorded 528 Hz Solfeggio frequencies). The age group effect has shown that participants aged approximately 20\u0026ndash;39 years (middle-aged) and 40\u0026ndash;59 years (seniors) have the most significant reductions in tension, anxiety, and depression, with moderate to high effect sizes, indicating positive intervention efficacy. However, the age group of 60\u0026ndash;79 years (seniors) is smaller, although the values are statistically significant.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"12\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c12\" colnum=\"12\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasure\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGroup\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePre Mean\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePre SD\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePost Mean\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePost SD\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eChange Mean\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep-\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003evalue\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eη\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSignificance\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTension (POMS)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.92\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.28\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.05\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.36\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.567\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTension (POMS)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eExperimental\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.65\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.62\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.71\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.23\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-2.94\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.39\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAnxiety (HADS)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.92\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.28\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.05\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.36\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.567\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAnxiety (HADS)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eExperimental\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.65\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.62\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.71\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.23\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-2.94\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.39\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDepressed Mood (HADS)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.45\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.28\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.32\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.66\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.256\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDepressed Mood (HADS)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eExperimental\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.94\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.24\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.35\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.46\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-2.58\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e). \u003cem\u003e\u0026ldquo;Yes\u0026rdquo; indicates that the results are significant according to the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) (Snaith). Tension, anger and stress are analysed via the Profile of Mood States (POMS-SF) (Shacham).\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe sex analysis revealed that females experienced greater reductions in tension and anxiety than males did, with a statistically significant difference (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05) and a moderate effect size. Additionally, both genders showed a reduction in depression, in some cases with a greater effect size (η\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.21), with females showing moderate significance compared with males. Ref Fig: 1,2,3,4.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe experimental group showed substantial decreases in tension, anxiety, depression, and cortisol, with a statistically significant effect size (η\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.39) and high statistical significance (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). The control group exhibited negligible changes across all the parameters and did not produce a significant value, which made the intervention more significant. Ref Fig: 1,2,3,4.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis was a randomised control study designed to examine the potential effects of sound frequency and solfeggio frequency (528 Hz) on tension, anger, anxiety, and spiritual well-being. The study revealed a significant change in all the parameters that were considered, which proves that sound-based meditation is an efficient intervention.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe average difference in the pre-and post-meditation scales was highly significant for the participants in the experimental group compared with those in the control group; these findings support the hypothesis that sound meditation relaxes tension \u0026amp; helps decrease stress\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe reduced value of the cortisol level from premeditation (average mean\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;15.23) to post-meditation (average mean\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;13.52) shows that the intervention is significant in supporting the hypothesis that sound meditation reduces stress among the experimental group and that the control group undergoing the placebo effect (received a sham sound meditation designed to mimic the therapeutic environment without delivering actual healing frequencies (e.g., white noise)) has shown less significant results.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe scores were obtained from the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) for Anxiety \u0026amp; Depression. Tension, anger and stress are analysed via the Profile of Mood States (POMS-SF) and compared to form an analysis table. The (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001) value after meditation shows that the change is significant on the positive side. (Ref. Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e While the physiological effects of sound meditation on the brain are still unknown, findings have shown that it promotes psychological well-being among participants. Similarly, (Arroyo-Anll\u0026oacute;) presented a systematic investigation of music-based interventions in Alzheimer\u0026rsquo;s disease patients to evaluate the emotional skills that produced some minor changes in the experimental group compared with the control group; however, it was a good intervention for future studies (Goldsby), emphasising that the effect of sound meditation on the brain is unknown. Nevertheless, they were successful in determining the effects of singing bowl meditation on mood, tension, stress and spiritual well-being in an observational study. This study was limited to observing only the experimental group, and it highlighted the need for interventions involving sound-based meditation among the control and experimental groups. Another study revealed that the potential influence of sound waves on the body's biofield may contribute to changes in mood and psychological responses (Allen L). Additionally, a study focused on the effect of the singing bowl on blood pressure through 3D imprinting data (Barrass). Another randomised crossover study (Landry) determined that the physiological and psychological effects of Himalayan singing bowls are significant in directed relaxation sessions. A previous study (Allen L) investigated the effects of a quartz bowl on altering the energy balance of the body via acupuncture meridians.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe effects of singing bowls, gongs, and bell-based relaxation were highly efficient on the basis of previous studies. Our study mainly concentrates on randomised control studies to determine the exact significance of sound-based meditation. On the basis of the available data from the study, it is clear that the intervention is important for reducing stress, tension, and blood pressure and for creating a harmonious mind-set. Additionally, to follow sound-based meditation, the participants need not be experts; they can even fall asleep during the session and experience deep relaxation.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn summary, this randomised controlled study revealed the beneficial effects of sound-based meditation, especially solfeggio sound frequency (528 Hz), on tension, stress, blood pressure and anxiety among individuals. In addition, future research could explore the effects of long-term interventions on various psychological conditions in greater depth.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCrucially, including a sham sound condition reduces the risk of expectation effects or nonspecific benefits connected with the meditative setting, therefore strengthening the evidentiary basis. Although the control group showed no significant changes, the experimental group constantly demonstrated gains in all evaluated areas, therefore highlighting the possibilities of sound-based treatments in clinical and wellness environments.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLimitations\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe limitation of the present study is the short timeline. This study, however, provides the groundwork for future long-term studies regarding the effects of sound-based meditation.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor Contributions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMr. Suresh Sathyanarayanan designed the study; Dr. Hemachandran Ravikumar provided ideas on the final design and selection of assessment tools. Both authors were involved in the collection of data, summarising, statistical analysis and finalising the report.\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;Dr. Hemachandran Ravikumar provided the initial draft of the manuscript, and the final version is made available by considerations of both.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDeclarations of conflicts of interest\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;The authors declare that they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning the study design, research analysis or publication of this article.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData Availability\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRavikumar, Hemachandran \u0026nbsp; (2025), \u0026ldquo;Analysed Data\u0026apos;s of Effects of Sound-based Meditative Healing Method on Stress, Tension, Cortisol\u0026rsquo;s Level \u0026amp; Blood Pressure: A Randomised Controlled Trial.\u0026rdquo;, Mendeley Data, V2, doi: 10.17632/ts5sbcxgv9.2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTrial Registration:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe trial was registered under Clinical trial registry of India with registration number CTRI/2025/01/078996. Trial Registered Prospectively\u0026nbsp;on 20/01/2025. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent to Participate\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll participants voluntarily agreed to participate in the study and provided written informed consent prior to enrolment. The study team ensured that participants understood the purpose, methodology, and potential risks or benefits of the trial. Consent was obtained in accordance with institutional guidelines approved by the Ethics Committee of the UNS Research Council, India.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthical Approval\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study was conducted in full compliance with the ethical principles outlined in the\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDeclaration of Helsinki (2013 revision)\u003c/strong\u003e. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) and the Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) of the UNS Research Council, India. Approval ID: UNS/IEC/2024/12/11. All procedures involving human participants were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHuman Ethics and Consent to Participate Declarations\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) of the UNS Research Council and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants provided written informed consent prior to participation. The researchers ensured the confidentiality and anonymity of participant data throughout the study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u0026nbsp;\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/strong\u003eThe work was supported by the UNS Research Council \u0026amp; UNS Digital Technologies Pvt Ltd.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthical Approval\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study was approved by the Review and Ethics Committee of the UNS Research Council, India. All participants provided written informed consent about the trial.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAllen, L., \u0026amp; Shealy, N. (2005). An exploration of the effects of toning and quartz crystal bowls on the energetic balance in the body as measured electrically through the acupuncture merid. \u003cem\u003eSubtle Energies Energy Med\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e16\u003c/em\u003e(2), 5\u0026ndash;8.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eArroyo-Anll\u0026oacute;, Eva, M., et al. (2019). Music and emotion in Alzheimer's disease. \u003cem\u003eAlzheimer's research \u0026amp; therapy\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e11\u003c/em\u003e(1), 69.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBarrass (2014). Acoustic sonification of blood pressure in the form of a singing bowl. Conference on Sonification of Health and Environmental Data (SoniHED). Yourk, UK: University of York.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGoldsby, T. L., et al. (2017). Effects of Singing Bowl Sound Meditation on Mood, Tension, and Well-being: An Observational Study. \u003cem\u003eJournal of evidence-based complementary \u0026amp; alternative medicine\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e22\u003c/em\u003e(3), 401\u0026ndash;406.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAubets, J., \u0026amp; Segura, J. (1995). Salivary cortisol as a marker of competition related stress. \u003cem\u003eScience \u0026amp; sports\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e10\u003c/em\u003e(3), 149\u0026ndash;154.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLandry (2013). Physiological and psychological effects of a Himalayan singing bowl in meditation practice: a quantitative analysis. \u003cem\u003eAmerican Journal Of Health Promotion : Ajhp\u003c/em\u003e : 306\u0026ndash;309.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eModran, H. A., et al. (2023). Modran, Horia Alexandru et a Using Deep Learning to Recognize Therapeutic Effects of Music Based on Emotions. \u003cem\u003eSensors (Basel, Switzerland)\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e23\u003c/em\u003e(2), 986.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eO'Brien, E., Waeber, B., Parati, G., Staessen, J., \u0026amp; Myers, M. G. (2001). Blood pressure measuring devices: recommendations of the European Society of Hypertension. \u003cem\u003eBmj\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e322\u003c/em\u003e(7285), 531\u0026ndash;536.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRichardson, S., Shaffer, J. A., Falzon, L., Krupka, D., Davidson, K. W., \u0026amp; Edmondson, D. (2012). Meta-analysis of perceived stress and its association with incident coronary heart disease. \u003cem\u003eJAMA Cardiol\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e110\u003c/em\u003e(12), 1711\u0026ndash;1716.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSantisteban, M. M., et al. (2023). Hypertension, Neurovascular Dysfunction, and Cognitive Impairment. \u003cem\u003eHypertension\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e80\u003c/em\u003e(1), 22\u0026ndash;34.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eShacham, S. (1983). A Shortened Version of the Profile of Mood States. \u003cem\u003eJournal of Personality Assessment\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e47\u003c/em\u003e(3), 305\u0026ndash;306.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eShen, Q. (2023). The influence of music teaching appreciation on the mental health of college students based on multimedia data analysis. \u003cem\u003ePeerJ Computer science\u003c/em\u003e : e1589.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSnaith, R. P. (2003). The Hospital Anxiety And Depression Scale. \u003cem\u003eHealth And Quality Of Life Outcomes\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e1\u003c/em\u003e, 29.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eStaufenbiel, S. M. (2013). Hair cortisol, stress exposure, and mental health in humans: a systematic review. \u003cem\u003ePsychoneuroendocrinology\u003c/em\u003e : 1220\u0026ndash;1235.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"UNS Research Council ","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Anxiety, depression management, sound-based meditation, frequency healing","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7554543/v2","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7554543/v2","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003ePsychological stress, depression, and tension are currently becoming very common in this developed world. Fighting these conditions has become a struggle for every individual. Introducing integrative traditional medicinal techniques such as sound-based meditations, especially from various forms of singing bowls, gongs and pre-recorded sound frequencies such as solfeggio frequencies (mainly 528 Hz), was found to be beneficial significantly. This study investigated the effects of sound-based meditation for four weeks, 60 minutes every day, on the stress, anxiety, tension, mood, cortisol levels, blood pressure and spiritual well-being of participants. One hundred men and women (mean age: 45 years) were included. They are divided into two groups, i.e., the control group (n=50) undergoes meditation without \u003cstrong\u003ereceived a sham sound intervention\u003c/strong\u003e, simulating the sound-based setup without therapeutic frequencies, and the experimental group (n=50) undergoes the intervention of all forms of sound-based meditation techniques. The observations revealed that the participants in the control group had no evidence of positive changes in the levels of \u003cstrong\u003estress\u003c/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eanxiety, tension, cortisol, mood, or blood pressure (p\u0026gt;0.05), \u003c/strong\u003ewith no significant changes remaining. The experimental group reported significant positive changes in stress, anxiety, tension, cortisol, and blood parameters after the sound-based meditation intervention \u003cstrong\u003e(p\u0026lt;0.001)\u003c/strong\u003e. This can be used in all stressful environments, such as meditation centres, counselling centres, companies, industries, and educational institutions, to bring back a harmonious and calm mind-set among the people.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Effects of Sound-based Meditative Healing Method on Stress, Tension, Cortisol’s Level \u0026amp; Blood Pressure: A Randomised Controlled Trial","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":2,"date":"2025-09-17 04:50:49","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7554543/v2","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}},{"code":1,"date":"2025-09-09 11:37:26","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7554543/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"a1802cc3-4714-4b2a-9642-9e3f3a4a2ac3","owner":[],"postedDate":"September 17th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-12-10T18:53:47+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-09-17 04:50:49","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v2","identity":"rs-7554543","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7554543","identity":"rs-7554543","version":["v2"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}