An Intelligent Modular Battery Architecture with Redundant Cell Swapping Mechanism

An Intelligent Modular Battery Architecture with Redundant Cell Swapping Mechanism | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article An Intelligent Modular Battery Architecture with Redundant Cell Swapping Mechanism Chandana Ponnaganti, Ameet Chavan This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8737816/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted 12 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Rapid expansion of battery-power-driven technologies in electric vehicles, autonomous systems, aerospace platforms, defensesystems and medical devices has strengthened the demand of energy storage systems for safe, reliable and fault-tolerantoperations. Lithium-ion batteries with high energy density and competent electrochemical properties, are characteristicallyvulnerable which leads to cell level degradation, imbalance, and even failure. Battery Packs of large scale are composed ofseveral cells (hundreds or thousands). The failure of a single cell in the large scale battery packs can significantly result indegradation of performance of the system. And in extreme cases it could also lead to the shutdown of complete system. Thepaper presents a comprehensive modeling of the battery module by incorporating redundant cell switching mechanism thatwhich provides a simulation framework which can act as an intelligent fault tolerant battery module using MATLAB and Simulink.The battery module of the battery pack is designed in such a way that it consists two primary cells and a redundant cell whichare interconnected and are controlled by switching network comprising nine electronically controlled switches. The controlalgorithm implemented to monitor the cell voltage, current, State of Charge (SOC) continuously and dynamically reconfiguresthe topology if the module considering the primary cell voltage reaching the predefined threshold value. The modular designenables scalable integration of such multiple modules to form a complete battery pack, offering enhanced reliability, faultisolation, and maintainability. The system proposed is validated in the simulation environment in detail and is followed bythe incorporation of cell balancing hence by demonstrating the suitability for applying in the advanced battery managementsystems where safety-critical applications play a vital role. Physical sciences/Energy science and technology Physical sciences/Engineering Battery Management System Redundant Cell Cell Swapping Mechanism Lithium ion cell State of Charge State of Health Active Cell Balancing Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 20 Apr, 2026 Reviews received at journal 17 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 08 Apr, 2026 Reviews received at journal 01 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 27 Mar, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 22 Mar, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 20 Feb, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 20 Feb, 2026 Editor invited by journal 20 Feb, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 01 Feb, 2026 Submission checks completed at journal 01 Feb, 2026 First submitted to journal 30 Jan, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8737816","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":595607926,"identity":"3853dca6-f97a-428a-84af-1891ebb9489c","order_by":0,"name":"Chandana Ponnaganti","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"VIT-AP University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Chandana","middleName":"","lastName":"Ponnaganti","suffix":""},{"id":595607927,"identity":"cc88bc13-7ff1-4993-8065-8d912c4f1685","order_by":1,"name":"Ameet Chavan","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA/klEQVRIiWNgGAWjYPCCAyCC8QGDAUzAAKdSmAawFmYDBgOYUiK1sEkQVgoE/NMOH3z8oeaOvMHxs8eqeQr+yJszMD/8wFBwB6cWidtpyQYHjj0z3HAmL+02j4GB4c4GNmMJBoNnuK25nWMmcbDhMOPMhhyzmzMMDBg3HGAwAzrwME4d8rfzv/8AarGf2f/GrBCoxX7DAfZveLUY3M5hYwBqSeyXyDFj+GBgkLjhAA9+WwxvpxlLnDl2OLlf4o2xxAcD4+SdzTzFEgl4tMjdTn74oaLmsG0bf47hh4Q/crbb2ds3fvjwB7cWLE5lBhIJJGggKjJHwSgYBaNghAEAUeJZGY56oB0AAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"VIT-AP University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ameet","middleName":"","lastName":"Chavan","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-01-30 06:24:56","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8737816/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8737816/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":103506537,"identity":"587d6acb-d245-4c95-84aa-6f48078271b8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-26 13:37:28","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1284647,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"SMARTBMSV6.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8737816/v1_covered_0de9c341-12cc-48c0-a2bc-334cdf63c0b5.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"An Intelligent Modular Battery Architecture with Redundant Cell Swapping Mechanism","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Battery Management System, Redundant Cell, Cell Swapping Mechanism, Lithium ion cell, State of Charge, State of Health, Active Cell Balancing","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8737816/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8737816/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Rapid expansion of battery-power-driven technologies in electric vehicles, autonomous systems, aerospace platforms, defensesystems and medical devices has strengthened the demand of energy storage systems for safe, reliable and fault-tolerantoperations. Lithium-ion batteries with high energy density and competent electrochemical properties, are characteristicallyvulnerable which leads to cell level degradation, imbalance, and even failure. Battery Packs of large scale are composed ofseveral cells (hundreds or thousands). The failure of a single cell in the large scale battery packs can significantly result indegradation of performance of the system. And in extreme cases it could also lead to the shutdown of complete system. Thepaper presents a comprehensive modeling of the battery module by incorporating redundant cell switching mechanism thatwhich provides a simulation framework which can act as an intelligent fault tolerant battery module using MATLAB and Simulink.The battery module of the battery pack is designed in such a way that it consists two primary cells and a redundant cell whichare interconnected and are controlled by switching network comprising nine electronically controlled switches. The controlalgorithm implemented to monitor the cell voltage, current, State of Charge (SOC) continuously and dynamically reconfiguresthe topology if the module considering the primary cell voltage reaching the predefined threshold value. The modular designenables scalable integration of such multiple modules to form a complete battery pack, offering enhanced reliability, faultisolation, and maintainability. 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