Long-term visual and clinical outcomes in Vogt Koyanagi Harada disease – Insights from 395 eyes in a referral eye centre in Eastern India

Long-term visual and clinical outcomes in Vogt Koyanagi Harada disease – Insights from 395 eyes in a referral eye centre in Eastern India | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Long-term visual and clinical outcomes in Vogt Koyanagi Harada disease – Insights from 395 eyes in a referral eye centre in Eastern India Janakiraman P, Bhuvaneshwaran V, Amitabh Kumar, Jyothirmay Biswas This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8977410/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Purpose To evaluate long-term complications in Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada (VKH) disease, assess disease progression, and measure its impact on visual acuity during follow-up at a tertiary eye-care center in Eastern India. Methods This retrospective cross-sectional observational study reviewed VKH cases diagnosed between 2005 and 2023 using electronic medical records from a tertiary eye-care center in Eastern India. Clinical data points were collected, compiled, and analyzed. Findings were compared with similar studies. Results A total of 395 eyes from 207 patients were analyzed. Of these, 188 patients (90.82%) had bilateral involvement and 19 (9.18%) had unilateral involvement. Patients presented in various stages of the disease. The most common complication was complicated cataract (133 eyes, 33.67%), followed by glaucoma (123 eyes, 31.14%) and sunset glow fundus (95 eyes, 16.45%). Vision improved in 141 eyes (35.70%), deteriorated in 145 eyes (36.71%), and remained stable in 107 eyes. Conclusion VKH patients in Eastern India showed rare systemic features. Topical steroids, intravenous methylprednisolone, and oral steroids with immunosuppressive therapy were effective first-line treatments for preserving vision. However, one-third of eyes showed long-term visual deterioration. Cataract and glaucoma were the most common complications. Swept-source optical coherence tomography aided diagnosis and follow-up. VKH Intravenous methyl prednisolone Oral steroids Immunosuppressive therapy Ocular complications Systemic manifestations Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8977410","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":602605854,"identity":"dbccb834-1b1c-42f8-82da-a3cf31c29903","order_by":0,"name":"Janakiraman P","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Sankara Nethralaya","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Janakiraman","middleName":"","lastName":"P","suffix":""},{"id":602605855,"identity":"943475ac-13d1-4a19-acb8-ff7f67282652","order_by":1,"name":"Bhuvaneshwaran V","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Sankara Nethralaya","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Bhuvaneshwaran","middleName":"","lastName":"V","suffix":""},{"id":602605856,"identity":"59d9b87f-5b73-491b-98d2-efc410c5b3ee","order_by":2,"name":"Amitabh Kumar","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Aditya Birla Sankara Nethralaya","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Amitabh","middleName":"","lastName":"Kumar","suffix":""},{"id":602605857,"identity":"641e4a5f-d86f-4831-a823-0552036016cf","order_by":3,"name":"Jyothirmay Biswas","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAtklEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDCCAwxpDB9ADGbmBuK1MM4Aa2EkXgsbMw+YRawWvtsHnj22+XMnmr8dqOXjnlrCWiTPJaQb57Y9y51xmLGBccaz44S1GJxhSJPObTgMRIwNzDwHjhGpxeLP4dz5pGlhYDucuwGipYYIv5xhSDfsbTucuxGo5eCMAwcIa+E7w5P24AfQYfPOHz744MOBOsJaGBh4EuBMoBWHidHCjuIWomwZBaNgFIyCEQYAO/VC8H9aFkUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Sankara Nethralaya","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jyothirmay","middleName":"","lastName":"Biswas","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-02-26 11:42:11","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8977410/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8977410/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":106127660,"identity":"1e023cd3-bca4-405b-991c-d0d5ed63ce45","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-03 22:54:19","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":466628,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"DOC20260102WA0004.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8977410/v1_covered_fecf12de-b31d-40c3-a493-345efceb3284.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Long-term visual and clinical outcomes in Vogt Koyanagi Harada disease – Insights from 395 eyes in a referral eye centre in Eastern India","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"VKH, Intravenous methyl prednisolone, Oral steroids, Immunosuppressive therapy, Ocular complications, Systemic manifestations","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8977410/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8977410/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003ePurpose\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo evaluate long-term complications in Vogt\u0026ndash;Koyanagi\u0026ndash;Harada (VKH) disease, assess disease progression, and measure its impact on visual acuity during follow-up at a tertiary eye-care center in Eastern India.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethods\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis retrospective cross-sectional observational study reviewed VKH cases diagnosed between 2005 and 2023 using electronic medical records from a tertiary eye-care center in Eastern India. Clinical data points were collected, compiled, and analyzed. Findings were compared with similar studies.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eA total of 395 eyes from 207 patients were analyzed. Of these, 188 patients (90.82%) had bilateral involvement and 19 (9.18%) had unilateral involvement. Patients presented in various stages of the disease. The most common complication was complicated cataract (133 eyes, 33.67%), followed by glaucoma (123 eyes, 31.14%) and sunset glow fundus (95 eyes, 16.45%). Vision improved in 141 eyes (35.70%), deteriorated in 145 eyes (36.71%), and remained stable in 107 eyes.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusion\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eVKH patients in Eastern India showed rare systemic features. Topical steroids, intravenous methylprednisolone, and oral steroids with immunosuppressive therapy were effective first-line treatments for preserving vision. However, one-third of eyes showed long-term visual deterioration. Cataract and glaucoma were the most common complications. 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