Exploration and Visualization Analysis of Autoimmune Disease-Related Gastric Cancer: A Bibliometric Analysis

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Despite recent research progress in this field, a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the relationship between autoimmune diseases and gastric cancer is still lacking. This study aims to use bibliometric methods to analyze the knowledge structure and research trends in autoimmune disease-related gastric cancer(AIDRGC). Methods: We retrieved literature related to AIDRGC from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) from January 1, 1995, to May 31, 2025, and analyzed the data using tools such as VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and the R package "bibliometrics". Results: A total of 3,241 researchers from 1,005 institutions across 55 countries/regions have contributed to this research field. The number of publications in this global research area showed a general upward trend until 2023. China had the highest number of publications, while the United States had the highest number of citations. The University of Padua, Harvard University, and Sapienza University of Rome were the most influential institutions. Journals such as "Frontiers in Immunology", "International Journal of Cancer", and "World Journal of Gastroenterology" ranked highly in the field. The study "Classification and grading of gastritis. The updated Sydney System" by M. F. Dixon et al. was the most cited reference. Authors such as Lahner Edith, Rugge Massimo, and Annibale Bruno had the highest local influence. Chinese corresponding authors had limited international collaboration and should enhance multinational country publications (MCP). Research on immunotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors has risen sharply in attention since 2015 and represents a cutting-edge topic in this field. Future research is likely to focus more on optimizing immunotherapy for AIDRGC, precision treatment for autoimmune diseases, and early cancer diagnosis and therapy. Conclusion: This study reveals the research direction and trends in AIDRGC. Global research interest in this field is increasing, and countries such as China and the United States have made significant contributions. Immunotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors show great potential in treating AIDRGC and are current research hotspots. Further research is needed on the pathogenesis, early prevention, and individualized treatment of AIDRGC. Gastric cancer Autoimmune diseases Bibliometrics CiteSpace VOSviewer Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Introduction Gastric cancer (GC), a prevalent malignant tumor of the digestive system globally, has an annual incidence rate of 6–20 per 100,000 people, with East Asia being most affected, posing a significant public health challenge[1–3]. Its incidence is linked to Helicobacter pylori infection, dietary habits, genetic susceptibility, socioeconomic factors, and healthcare resource accessibility[4–7]. Understanding its epidemiology and risk factors is crucial for effective prevention and intervention. Autoimmune diseases (AID) are closely associated with GC development[8–11]. A systematic review and meta-analysis of 43 articles on 36 ADs involving 499,427 patients[12] revealed that pernicious anemia, dermatomyositis, inflammatory myopathy, systemic lupus erythematosus, type 1 diabetes, and Graves’ Disease significantly elevate GC risk. Another study [13] indicated that ADs overall increase GC risk (relative risk [RR] = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.24–1.52). As a key GC risk factor, understanding ADs’ role in GC onset and progression is vital for grasping research trends in this field. Bibliometrics, a quantitative analysis method, effectively analyzes the structure, framework, and trends of a knowledge system. It visualizes literature, evaluates research status, predicts trends, and summarizes research progress across countries, institutions, authors, and disciplines[14–16]. No previous studies have comprehensively quantified AID and GC research using bibliometrics. This study aims to objectively analyze bibliometric indicators of AID and GC related literature, clarify research trends, hotspots, and future directions, and offer researchers a clear understanding of the field’s development and emerging research focuses. Methods Search Strategy All data were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) using the following search strategy: TS = ((“Autoimmune disease”) AND (“Gastric cancer or Gastric tumor” OR “Gastric adenocarcinoma” OR “Gastrinoma or Signet ring cell carcinoma”)) AND publishing year = (1995-01-01-2025-5-31) AND document types = (articles & reviews) AND language = (English). When searching for relevant studies in Web of Science, the formal publication date of the studies was used as the criterion. The search process was independently conducted by two senior researchers (Ke Yan and Youfu Tian) to ensure relevance and accuracy. All publication records, including publication year, title, author names, affiliations, countries, abstracts, keywords, and journal names, were exported and saved as plain text files containing “complete records and cited references”. Node size and color represent the quantity and classification of items, while the thickness of connecting lines reflects the degree of collaboration or co-citation. VOSviewer Analysis VOSviewer (version 1.6.20) is a powerful tool for analysis and visualization. In this study, the tool was used to extract key information related to the topic and to construct co-occurrence networks for visualization[17, 18]. CiteSpace Analysis CiteSpace (version 6.1. R1), developed by Professor Chaomei Chen, was used for citation burst analysis[19]. Bibliometric Analysis The R package “bibliometrix” (version 3.2.1) was used for thematic evolution analysis and to construct a global distribution network of AID and GC publications. Additionally, Microsoft Office Excel 2021 was used for quantitative analysis of publications. Results We analyzed the number of publications in this field from January 1, 1995, to May 31, 2025. From 1995 to 2013, publication numbers were relatively low and stable, with a significant peak in 2014, followed by a decline but remaining around 15. Starting in 2018, the number rose above 30, peaking again in 2023. Predictions show a decline for 2024 and 2025, but still over 20. The annual average total citation frequency (orange line) showed a similar trend to the number of publications. From 1995 to 2007, it was low, peaking in 2008 before declining to between 5 and 10. In 2018, it temporarily surged and then fluctuated around 10. The downward trend predicted for 2025 may be due to the search being conducted only through May 2025, so some publications and citations haven't been fully counted. Also, the search used the online publication date as the time node, and some delayed publications were not included, leading to lower 2025 publication and citation figures. 2. Country/Region Analysis We analyzed the number of publications from different countries to identify the major contributors. A total of 3,241 researchers from 1,005 institutions across 55 countries/regions have contributed to the field of AID and GC research. The collaboration network among authors from different countries is shown in Fig. 2 A. China, the United States, Italy, and Japan are leading in terms of author affiliation. The Fig. 2 B shows the research output of different countries, with China and the United States having the highest output, both exceeding 250 publications. Italy and Japan follow, with research output around 250 publications in this field. The production trends of the top five countries (China, Germany, Italy, Japan, and the United States) in this research field from 1995 to 2025 were analyzed. In China (red line), the growth rate was relatively slow from 1995 onwards but significantly accelerated after 2010, reaching its peak in 2023, showing strong growth momentum. Germany's (yellow line) output grew steadily in the early years but accelerated after 2015, nearly catching up with China by 2023. Italy's (green line) growth trend was similar to Germany's but slowed down after 2020. Japan's (blue line) growth trend was relatively stable, with some acceleration after 2010, but its overall growth rate was slower than that of China and Germany. The United States (purple line) had a high initial output and a steady growth trend, but its growth rate accelerated after 2020, reaching a level close to Germany by 2023. 2010 and 2020 were two important turning points, after which the growth rates of research output increased for all countries, especially for China and Germany (Fig. 2 C). In terms of citation analysis by country (Fig. 2 D), the United States had the highest number of citations (9,661), followed by China (3,490), with other countries having lower citation counts. The United States and China clearly lead in research output and impact in this field. The United States had nearly three times as many citations as China, indicating its absolute advantage in this area. The collaboration among different countries is shown in Fig. 2 E. Collaboration between North America (especially the United States) and Europe (especially Western European countries) is very frequent, with dense and thick lines. Collaboration between Asian countries (especially China and Japan) is also significant, with many thick lines. Trans - continental collaboration is most frequent between North America and Europe, particularly between the United States and Western European countries. Collaboration between North America and Asia is also significant, especially between the United States and China/Japan. Collaboration between Europe and Asia is frequent, particularly between Western European countries and China/Japan. The United States is a major collaboration hub, with frequent partnerships with many countries and regions. China and Japan are collaboration hotspots in Asia, and Western European countries (such as Germany, France, and the United Kingdom) are hotspots in Europe. Overall, collaboration mainly focuses on economically developed countries and regions, with more frequent and closer partnerships among them. 3. Institutional Analysis We analyzed institutions involved in publishing studies on AIDRGC. The collaboration network among institutions is shown in Fig. 3 A, with "Monash Univ", "Univ Padua", and "Univ Pavia" being highly collaborative. UNIVERSITY OF PADUA ranks first with 25 publications, indicating significant influence and collaboration. HARVARD UNIVERSITY and SAPIENZA UNIVERSITY ROME follow with 23 publications each ( Fig. 3 B). Notably, the top five institutions have shown a marked increase in research output since 2019 ( Fig. 3 C), reflecting their growing activity and impact in this field. 4. Journal Distribution We explored this topic from the source publications' perspective. Analysis of citation relationships among different academic journals revealed that Frontiers in Immunology , Journal of Immunology , and Cancers have the highest citation intensity (Fig. 4 A), indicating their research is well - recognized. Using Bradford's Law, we identified core journals related to AIDRGC. Frontiers in Immunology , International Journal of Cancer , and World Journal of Gastroenterology ranked highly and were influential (Fig. 4 .B). The Fig. 4 C shows the top five journals' cumulative publication trends from 1995 to 2025. All experienced a significant increase in cumulative articles after 2015, with a notable rise from 2019, peaking between 2021 and 2023. Frontiers in Immunology had the highest cumulative articles, reaching about 18 in 2023, highlighting its contribution to this field. We also investigated local citation counts of different academic journals to measure their local academic influence. Gastroenterology had the highest local citations at 918 (Fig. 4 D), followed by GUT (798) and The Journal of Immunology (707), indicating their high recognition and influence in this research area. Furthermore, we evaluated the local influence of each journal. Results showed that Frontiers in Immunology , International journal of molecular sciences , and World Journal of Gastroenterology consistently ranked top three in H - index and G - index evaluations, underscoring their importance in this research field (details in Table 1 ). Table 1 The local impact of sources. Source H_index G_index M_index TC NP FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY 11 18 1.375 696 18 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES 9 13 1 488 13 WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 9 10 0.563 653 10 SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 7 8 0.304 171 8 CANCERS 6 9 0.857 135 9 HELICOBACTER 6 6 0.207 339 6 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 5 5 0.2 203 5 DIAGNOSTICS 5 5 1 63 5 DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES 5 5 0.167 205 5 JOURNAL OF CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY 5 6 0.192 268 6 JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 5 6 0.172 171 6 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL PATHOLOGY 4 4 0.16 347 4 ANTICANCER RESEARCH 4 5 0.182 165 5 CANCER RESEARCH 4 4 0.222 348 4 DIGESTIVE AND LIVER DISEASE 4 5 0.364 209 5 FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 4 4 0.8 77 4 GASTROENTEROLOGY 4 4 0.133 258 4 INTERNAL MEDICINE 4 5 0.286 185 5 INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY 4 4 0.211 490 4 JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM 4 4 0.143 539 4 TC:Total citation; NP:Number of publishments. 5. Analysis of Reference and Document We analyzed references and citations. The citation network among documents is shown in Fig. 5 A. Key documents like “lenti (2020)” and “neumann (2013)” have large nodes, indicating high influence and frequent citations. We identified the top 15 most cited local documents in this field (Fig. 5 B). NEUMANN WL, 2013, NAT REV GASTRO HEPAT (45 citations), LENTI MV, 2020, NAT REV DIS PRIMERS (31 citations), and DE BLOCK CE, 2008, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB (25 citations) ranked highest, highlighting their importance. The co - citation network of references is shown in Fig. 5 C. References like “neumann wl, 2013, nat rev gast” were key. The most cited reference was “Classification and grading of gastritis. The updated Sydney System” by M F Dixon et al. (1996) in the American Journal of Surgical Pathology (Fig. 5 D). Another highly cited work was “Autoimmune atrophic gastritis - pathogenesis, pathology and management” by William L Neumann et al. (2013) in Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology . We also analyzed all references with citation bursts from 1995 to 2025 (Fig. 5 E). These references represent significant research findings that have been widely recognized and have advanced the field. 6. Author Analysis This analysis involved 3,241 researchers from 55 countries/regions, with 191 authors publishing two or more articles on AIDRGC. The author collaboration network is shown in Fig. 6 A. ANNIBALE, BRUNO and LAHNER, EDITH ranked highest with 10 publications each, followed by CANNIZZARO, RENATO and LENTI, MARCO VINCENZO (Fig. 6 B). Analysis of publication years (Fig. 6 C) revealed that ANNIBALE, BRUNO and LAHNER, EDITH were most productive in 2019 and 2021; CANNIZZARO, RENATO in 2015 and 2021; LENTI, MARCO VINCENZO in 2017 and 2019; and RUGGE, MASSIMO in 2013, 2015 and 2017. The top 15 authors with citation bursts (Fig. 6 D) had significant influence in specific time periods. In terms of local impact (Table 2 ), LAHNER EDITH, RUGGE MASSIMO, and ANNIBALE BRUNO were the top three authors based on H - index. For G - index, ANNIBALE BRUNO ranked higher than RUGGE MASSIMO. This might be related to the differences in evaluation criteria. We also analyzed research output by corresponding author nationality (Table 3 ). Chinese corresponding authors had the highest output (98 publications, 17.4%), but only 7.1% were multiple - country publications (MCP), compared to 18.8% for the US. SPAIN, CANADA, and SWITZERLAND had lower output but over 40% MCP, indicating frequent international collaboration. Table 2 Authors' local impact Author H_index G_index M_index TC NP LAHNER EDITH 8 10 0.667 464 10 RUGGE MASSIMO 8 8 0.533 749 8 ANNIBALE BRUNO 7 10 0.583 275 10 CANNIZZARO RENATO 6 9 0.5 165 9 DE RE VALLI 6 7 0.5 156 7 LENTI MARCO VINCENZO 6 8 0.857 388 8 MALFERTHEINER PETER 6 6 0.375 324 6 CANZONIERI VINCENZO 5 7 0.417 149 7 DI SABATINO ANTONIO 5 7 0.714 191 7 DIPAOLO RICHARD J. 5 6 0.385 143 6 FARINATI FABIO 5 6 0.333 226 6 GENTA ROBERT M. 5 5 0.385 681 5 MICELI EMANUELA 5 5 0.455 263 5 CORAZZA GINO ROBERTO 4 4 0.571 158 4 FASSAN MATTEO 4 4 0.364 195 4 FORNASARIG MARA 4 4 0.4 103 4 GRAHAM DAVID Y. 4 4 0.286 276 4 JENKINS BRENDAN J. 4 4 0.5 331 4 KALTSAS GREGORY 4 4 0.308 150 4 TC:Total citation; NP:Number of publishments. 7. Key - Word Analysis Keywords partially reflect research topics and content, and are important for indicating research direction and trends. Visualization of keyword frequency is shown in Fig. 7 A. “Gastric cancer” is the most frequent, followed by “cancer”, “Helicobacter pylori”, “autoimmune gastritis”, “autoimmunity”, and “autoimmune diseases”. Analysis of the temporal distribution of major keywords shows that most have significantly increased in frequency after 2010 (Fig. 7 B), indicating that these topics have attracted increasing attention in recent years. Analysis of citation bursts of journals for keywords under the theme of AIDRGC is shown in Fig. 7 C. These bursts reflect research hotspots and perspectives at specific times, and to some extent, represent the direction of research. The evolution of these keywords can help reveal the developmental trajectory of this research field. Cluster analysis of keywords resulted in seven subsets, with “autoimmune gastritis” and “autoimmune diseases” being the largest clusters(Fig. 7 D). Table 3 Corresponding author's countries Country Articles Articles % SCP MCP MCP % CHINA 98 17.4 91 7 7.1 USA 85 15.1 69 16 18.8 ITALY 70 12.4 59 11 15.7 JAPAN 66 11.7 63 3 4.5 GERMANY 30 5.3 19 11 36.7 KOREA 16 2.8 12 4 25 GREECE 14 2.5 11 3 21.4 AUSTRALIA 13 2.3 8 5 38.5 TURKEY 12 2.1 11 1 8.3 INDIA 11 2 8 3 27.3 SPAIN 11 2 6 5 45.5 IRAN 10 1.8 8 2 20 CANADA 9 1.6 5 4 44.4 SWITZERLAND 9 1.6 5 4 44.4 ISRAEL 8 1.4 5 3 37.5 AUSTRIA 7 1.2 6 1 14.3 POLAND 7 1.2 7 0 0 UNITED KINGDOM 7 1.2 5 2 28.6 FINLAND 6 1.1 4 2 33.3 FRANCE 6 1.1 5 1 16.7 SCP: Single country publications; MCP: Multi country publications. 8. Analysis of Topic Trend This analysis also examined the changes in research topic trends in the field of AIDRGC. The results indicate that the attention to most terms has significantly increased after 2010, suggesting that these areas have received more research focus in recent years. Specifically, the term "autoimmune diseases" has been gradually rising since 2010, reflecting an increased interest among researchers in the mechanisms and treatments of autoimmune diseases. The terms "autoimmune gastritis" and "autoimmune pancreatitis" have seen a marked increase after 2015, likely due to advancements in diagnostic techniques and a deeper understanding of these diseases. This rise in attention may also be attributed to more researchers becoming interested in the field, and as initial studies progress, a deeper understanding of the field accelerates its development. The gradual increase in attention to terms such as "inflammation", "Helicobacter pylori", "cytokines", and "miRNA" indicates a growing focus on the molecular mechanisms of inflammation and immune responses, which is crucial for understanding the field of AIDRGC. The sharp rise in attention to "immunotherapy" and "immune checkpoint inhibitors" after 2015 reflects the increasing importance of immunotherapy in this field, which has continued to the present day and represents one of the cutting-edge topics (Fig. 8 ). Future research is likely to focus more on optimizing immunotherapy for autoimmune disease - related gastric cancer, precision treatment for autoimmune diseases, early diagnosis and treatment of cancer, and prevention and treatment of Helicobacter pylori - related diseases. Discussion As research continues to advance, the relationship between AIDRGC has been increasingly confirmed. The complex effects of autoimmune diseases on the body's immune system and their abnormal regulation of inflammation significantly increase the likelihood of gastric cancer in patients[6, 8, 20]. Over the past few decades, the exploration of AIDRGC has gained increasing attention, with the number of related research achievements steadily growing[21–24]. This progress ranges from simple clinical phenomenon reports to in - depth mechanistic investigations and further therapeutic explorations, all of which have contributed to the advancement of this field[25, 26]. Bibliometrics, as a comprehensive and multidimensional analytical method, is widely used to evaluate the current status and development trends of various research fields. This study conducted a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of research outputs related to AIDRGC in the WoSCC from 1995 to 2025, based on bibliometric methods. This analysis provides valuable references for accurately identifying the developmental trajectory and emerging focal points in this research area. Since 1995, total 3,241 researchers from 1,005 institutions across 55 countries and regions worldwide have participated in the research on "autoimmune disease - related gastric cancer", indicating that this field has garnered international attention. However, the research scale is not extensive. This may be related to the limited medical research investment and backward research technology in some developing and underdeveloped countries. In particular, in economically underdeveloped countries, research funding is primarily allocated to diseases with wide prevalence, high incidence, and high mortality rates that pose a severe threat to people's lives. As a result, research on "autoimmune disease - related gastric cancer" has not yet been initiated in these countries. Our analysis shows that before 2007, the number of global publications related to "autoimmune disease - related gastric cancer" fluctuated yearly. A stable increase truly began after 2008, peaking in 2023, although the annual output was still less than 50. The predicted output for 2025 shows a downward trend, which may be attributed to three aspects. First, when searching for related studies in the Web of Science database, the formal publication date was used as the screening criterion. Therefore, some papers accepted for publication in 2024–2025 but delayed online were not included in the analysis. This led to a reduction in the number of studies and citations for 2024–25, as the cumulative effect of this process was relatively weak. Second, as research deepens, the complexity and difficulty of the field increase, or there may be a shift in research direction. Some researchers have turned to more specific or emerging sub - fields. Finally, since the related research output for 2025 was only retrieved up to May, the research output for the second half of the year was not included in the study, which also affected the predicted trend. China, the United States, Italy, and Japan are the main contributors in this field. Before 2021, the overall trend of research output in this field by various countries showed a cumulative effect over time, but the growth rate was slow. After 2020, there was a sharp increase, which may be related to the overall global economic growth around this time point. Although China's research output in this field far exceeds that of other countries, its local citation count is only about one - third of that of the United States, which is unusual. The quantity of research output indicates that China has a substantial research investment in this field. However, the relatively low local citation situation seems to suggest that these research outputs are less recognized. Researchers should focus on improving research quality to gain peer recognition. Meanwhile, the United States forms a comparison with China in terms of citation quantity. The reason for the high recognition of U.S. research output is not only due to quality control but also because some important research institutions are located in the United States. These institutions have sufficient funding and research facilities to conduct large - scale research projects. Moreover, some authoritative journals are also based in the United States, which gives U.S. researchers an innate advantage in recognition. In addition, it should be noted that, based on the nationality of the corresponding authors, the proportion of MCPs by Chinese authors is much lower than that of the United States. This suggests that Chinese researchers lack cooperation and communication with other countries in this field, which can easily lead to asymmetry in information and cutting - edge technology. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen cooperation with other countries to maintain a good international influence in the future. Other countries also have certain research achievements in this field, but the quantity is relatively small. The differences among countries may be related to research investment, research foundation, medical resources, and the level of attention paid to the field of AIDRGC. The UNIVERSITY OF PADUA, HARVARD UNIVERSITY, and SAPIENZA UNIVERSITY ROME are pioneering institutions in this research field. They possess cutting - edge theories and technologies in this area and have the highest research output, driving the progress of this field. Subsequent researchers can collaborate with these institutions to conduct research related to this topic. " Frontiers in Immunology ", " International Journal of Cancer ", and " World Journal of Gastroenterology " are the most relevant journals in this field. Based on H - index and G - index evaluations, these three journals are also the most influential in this research area. However, it is worth noting that, although the above - mentioned three journals are the most closely related to this field, the most cited journals in the local citation analysis are Gastroenterology , GUT , and the Journal of Immunology . This discrepancy reflects the multidimensionality of journal influence. On the one hand, the influence evaluation based on comprehensive indicators such as H - index and G - index takes into account the overall academic contribution of the journals. On the other hand, local citation analysis reflects the applicability and citation frequency of journals in specific research directions or regions. For researchers, when selecting references or submitting manuscripts to journals, it is necessary to consider both the overall influence of the journals and their applicability in specific research directions (local research). At the same time, this also suggests that, in the development process of journals, in addition to maintaining overall influence in the field of discipline, they should also pay attention to the academic needs of specific research directions and regions to enhance their influence in different dimensions. The analysis of references shows that "NEUMANN WL, 2013, NAT REV GASTRO HEPAT" is the most frequently cited document. The study "Classification and grading of gastritis. The updated Sydney System" by M F Dixon et al., published in the American Journal of Surgical Pathology in October 1996, is the most cited reference. These research achievements have important academic value and influence in this field and may provide an important theoretical basis or research methods for subsequent studies. The trend analysis shows that immunotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors are one of the cutting - edge topics in this field, indicating that the current focus of researchers is on the treatment of autoimmune - related gastric cancer. The continued increase in attention to inflammation, Helicobacter pylori, cytokines, and miRNA suggests that research is still exploring the pathogenesis of autoimmune - related gastric cancer. Future research is likely to focus more on optimizing immunotherapy for autoimmune - related gastric cancer, precision treatment for autoimmune diseases, early diagnosis and treatment of cancer, and prevention and treatment of Helicobacter pylori - related diseases. The limitations of this study stem from the inherent issues of the WoSC database. First, this analysis only included data from the WoSCC database, excluding studies indexed in Scopus or PubMed and non - English studies. The quality of metadata in WoSCC may be inconsistent. Errors or inaccuracies in the indexed information, such as incomplete or incorrect author, institutional, or citation tracking details, may affect the accuracy of the bibliometric analysis. These issues may lead to misunderstandings or omissions of important data, thereby affecting the reliability of the research results. Regarding the data for 2024–2025, the relatively short time span may overlook long - term trends. Common phenomena in academic research, such as delayed indexing, publication lag, and citation delay, may introduce bias into the study results. However, these biases are objectively understandable. In summary, the limitations of this study mainly arise from the absolute reliance on the WoSCC database, which has issues such as regional coverage bias, language bias, and metadata quality problems[27–29]. These limitations, combined with the constraints of the time range and the lack of qualitative assessment, mean that the results of this analysis should be interpreted objectively. Future studies could adopt a more comprehensive approach by integrating multiple databases and addressing these biases to provide a more balanced and inclusive research perspective. Conclusion This study employed bibliometric methods to conduct a comprehensive analysis of research on AIDRGC. The study revealed the latest research trends, major contributors, and current research foci, providing valuable references for planning future research directions. Although limiting the analysis to studies indexed in WoSCC may introduce some bias, these findings remain of significant reference value. Declarations Author contributions YK and LC contributed equally. YK, LC, ZM, MJ, LY, ZJ, ZX, LZ and TY participated in the conception and design of the study. YK, LC, ZM, and TY organized the database and statistical analysis. MJ, LY, ZJ, ZX, LZ, YK and LC divided the work and participated in the picture drawing. YK and LC wrote the frst draft of the manuscript.YK, LC and TY participated in the revision of the manuscript. All authors read and agreed to the fnal manuscript and authorship arrangement. Funding No funding support for this study. Conflict of interest The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Ethics, Consent to Participate, and Consent to Publish declarations Not applicable. Clinical trial registration number Not applicable. Data Availability Statement The original data included in this study were derived from the Web of Science Core Collection, which is publicly available. We strictly adhered to the usage guidelines of this database. References Menon G, El-Nakeep S, Babiker HM: Gastric Cancer . 2025. Smyth EC, Nilsson M, Grabsch HI, van Grieken NC, Lordick F: Gastric cancer . LANCET 2020, 396 (10251):635–648. Thrift AP, El-Serag HB: Burden of Gastric Cancer . CLIN GASTROENTEROL H 2020, 18 (3):534–542. Sundar R, Nakayama I, Markar SR, Shitara K, van Laarhoven H, Janjigian YY, Smyth EC: Gastric cancer . LANCET 2025, 405 (10494):2087–2102. 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Ahn S, Kim TS, Kushima R, Lee JH, Kim KM: Autoimmune Gastritis in Korean Patients with Gastric Tumors: Clinicopathologic Correlations and Diagnostic Histological Features . GUT LIVER 2025, 19 (2):177–188. Zhao J, Li W, Chen L, Li M, Deng W: Casual effects of type 1 diabetes mellitus on site-specific digestive cancers: a Mendelian randomisation analysis . FRONT ENDOCRINOL 2024, 15 :1407329. Song M, Camargo MC, Derkach A, Rabkin CS, Engels EA: Associations Between Autoimmune Conditions and Gastric Cancer Risk Among Elderly Adults in the United States . AM J GASTROENTEROL 2022, 117 (3):486–490. Krike P, Appel MS, Shums Z, Polaka I, Kojalo I, Rudzite D, Tolmanis I, Kirsners A, Bogdanova I, Aleksandravica I et al : Autoimmune gastritis serological biomarkers in gastric cancer patients . EUR J CANCER PREV 2024, 33 (1):29–36. Kamada T, Maruyama Y, Monobe Y, Haruma K: Endoscopic features and clinical importance of autoimmune gastritis . DIGEST ENDOSC 2022, 34 (4):700–713. Liu W: The data source of this study is Web of Science Core Collection? Not enough . SCIENTOMETRICS 2019, 121 (3):1815–1824. Liu W, Hu G, Tang L: Missing author address information in Web of Science—An explorative study . J INFORMETR 2018, 12 (3):985–997. Liu W: The changing role of non-English papers in scholarly communication: Evidence from Web of Science's three journal citation indexes . LEARN PUBL 2017, 30 (2):115–123. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files SupplementaryMaterial1.txt Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6897689","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":487023120,"identity":"5c32f346-075b-4d75-a003-030e8c47f0c1","order_by":0,"name":"Ke Yan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ke","middleName":"","lastName":"Yan","suffix":""},{"id":487023121,"identity":"516cf4ed-5fb0-434e-8550-8ed72b27d66e","order_by":1,"name":"Cheng Li","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Cheng","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""},{"id":487023122,"identity":"64936cff-617f-4505-ba8d-2617700cc2d7","order_by":2,"name":"Mingming Zhang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Medical School of Xi’an Jiaotong University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mingming","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""},{"id":487023123,"identity":"5beac680-1f24-4a40-8a96-d523090f6071","order_by":3,"name":"Jia Ma","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jia","middleName":"","lastName":"Ma","suffix":""},{"id":487023124,"identity":"4f46c247-423c-4e0f-95d5-c981c53079f4","order_by":4,"name":"Yujie Liu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yujie","middleName":"","lastName":"Liu","suffix":""},{"id":487023125,"identity":"95d7373a-9bc6-41c6-97f3-5d24ca3f396e","order_by":5,"name":"Jianfei Zhang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jianfei","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""},{"id":487023126,"identity":"3aa86176-22d3-4303-9f04-26edfc950351","order_by":6,"name":"Xulong Zhu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xulong","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhu","suffix":""},{"id":487023127,"identity":"1389dd5b-2eca-4794-a863-0dd8bda999c3","order_by":7,"name":"Ziyu Luo","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ziyu","middleName":"","lastName":"Luo","suffix":""},{"id":487023128,"identity":"a1bdcaec-bccc-464b-b841-7cffedbe7c59","order_by":8,"name":"Youfu Tian","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA6UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACZgjFz8DA2PjwQ4WEnDwhHTxQLZINDMzNxhJnLIwNGwhpYYBrYW+T4G2rSGQ4QECLPTvzs8c8FYclDA4wNkhIzpNIYGxgfvjoBl6HsZkb85yBaDEo3CaRx87AZmycg98vZtK8bYfrQFoSJLdJFDM28LBJ49fC/g2kBWzLAd45EokNBwhq4TGDaWls4G0gRsthnjLJOWfSJSQPMDYzSxyTMDZsJuAX9v7j2yTeVFhL8B1gf/7zQ02dnDx788PH+LSAABM4cuQfQLnMBJSDAOMPIhSNglEwCkbBCAYAir9DfYv6TSAAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Youfu","middleName":"","lastName":"Tian","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-06-15 10:08:18","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6897689/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6897689/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":87040302,"identity":"64049432-6132-4b02-aab3-a51525ee839a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-18 13:49:28","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":862446,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResearch Flowchart.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"image1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6897689/v1/5583c54c9e095458da6ef177.png"},{"id":87038752,"identity":"e84ede27-5b29-4e50-bb36-155159b018f8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-18 13:33:28","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":766050,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFig. 1. Annual publication trends in AIDRGC research.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"image2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6897689/v1/af26038a018b403299f37420.png"},{"id":87038758,"identity":"0062f82e-5508-4f49-a5bc-9d61b31562d9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-18 13:33:28","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":9942767,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFig. 2. Country/Region Analysis. \u003c/strong\u003e(A) Collaboration network among countries. Node size reflects the number of citations, and colors represent research clusters. (B) Cumulative publication frequency of countries in this field. (C) Cumulative publication trends of the top five countries. (D) Bubble chart of citation counts for each country. (E) Country collaboration map. Lines represent collaborative ties, with thickness suggesting strength or frequency.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"image3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6897689/v1/da255eb352fe4c45dd646704.png"},{"id":87039940,"identity":"ba4bfd30-60d4-4b68-9841-1f27cdf95ecf","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-18 13:41:28","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":769417,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFig. 3. Institutional Analysis. \u003c/strong\u003e(A) Collaboration network among institutions. Node size indicates citation frequency, and colors distinguish research clusters. (B) Bubble chart of the top 10 institutions. (C) Publication output trends over time for key institutions. Color codes: Harvard University (red), IRCCS Fondazione San Matteo (green), Sapienza University of Rome (purple), University of Padua (blue), University of Pavia (brown).\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"image4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6897689/v1/dbda76140be1c7d012b5ad3c.png"},{"id":87038754,"identity":"58269bbb-bfe4-42c1-ad0b-fc4dd965ec10","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-18 13:33:28","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":4306088,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFig. 4. Journal/Source Analysis. \u003c/strong\u003e(A) Citation network among journals, node size = citation count, color = research cluster. (B) Core journals related to AIDRGC identified by Bradford's Law. (C) Journals' cumulative research output over time. Color codes: Cancers (red), Frontiers in Immunology (green), International Journal of Molecular Sciences (blue), Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology (yellow), World Journal of Gastroenterology (purple). (D) Analysis of journals' local citation frequencies.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"image5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6897689/v1/2a0358bba5bf3f586dab671c.png"},{"id":87038759,"identity":"fb76c191-9070-42b5-bde0-33ec8237ab3d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-18 13:33:28","extension":"png","order_by":6,"title":"Figure 6","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":7008735,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFigure 5. Reference and Document Analysis. \u003c/strong\u003e(A) Document citation relationship diagram. (B) Top 10 documents with the most citations. (C) Co-citation network map of references. (D) Top 10 references with the most citations. (E) Top 15 references with citation bursts.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"image6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6897689/v1/fab6d8114b263aa5f44ae0e2.png"},{"id":87039945,"identity":"eac5be65-08ce-448f-92ab-5643f9dcf551","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-18 13:41:28","extension":"png","order_by":7,"title":"Figure 7","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":1719248,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFig. 6. Author Information Analysis. \u003c/strong\u003e(A) Author collaboration network. (B) Authors most relevant to the theme of AIDRGC. (C) Publications of authors in scientific journals. (D) Top 15 authors with citation bursts.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"image7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6897689/v1/b3b4925cdabb4fc4f1fe69a1.png"},{"id":87039942,"identity":"cddd2aa0-a0bc-4313-abab-e3f9f6175755","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-18 13:41:28","extension":"png","order_by":8,"title":"Figure 8","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":4468940,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFig. 7. Keyword Analysis.\u003c/strong\u003e (A) Treemap of keywords. (B) Temporal cumulative frequency curves of keywords. (C) Citation burst analysis of the top 15 keywords. (D) Cluster analysis of keywords.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"image8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6897689/v1/2fc66359fcd40d8a60c48149.png"},{"id":87038769,"identity":"68d4bcce-301e-443b-85f4-c53ca8cf4d73","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-18 13:33:28","extension":"png","order_by":9,"title":"Figure 9","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":711988,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFig. 8. Analysis of research trend.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"image9.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6897689/v1/3ca75db28eafa0bd52482fb1.png"},{"id":94066028,"identity":"d7c51a45-9b0b-45d9-8677-8cbbfc403648","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-22 08:01:43","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":28788984,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6897689/v1/2fd8b9cb-d1e5-48ab-9606-dd1c0246f081.pdf"},{"id":87039941,"identity":"23095b35-9c27-46ec-a8eb-348883b92e33","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-18 13:41:28","extension":"txt","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":5249044,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"SupplementaryMaterial1.txt","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6897689/v1/68a4b8c320076a231d96bc51.txt"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Exploration and Visualization Analysis of Autoimmune Disease-Related Gastric Cancer: A Bibliometric Analysis","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eGastric cancer (GC), a prevalent malignant tumor of the digestive system globally, has an annual incidence rate of 6\u0026ndash;20 per 100,000 people, with East Asia being most affected, posing a significant public health challenge[1\u0026ndash;3]. Its incidence is linked to Helicobacter pylori infection, dietary habits, genetic susceptibility, socioeconomic factors, and healthcare resource accessibility[4\u0026ndash;7]. Understanding its epidemiology and risk factors is crucial for effective prevention and intervention.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAutoimmune diseases (AID) are closely associated with GC development[8\u0026ndash;11]. A systematic review and meta-analysis of 43 articles on 36 ADs involving 499,427 patients[12] revealed that pernicious anemia, dermatomyositis, inflammatory myopathy, systemic lupus erythematosus, type 1 diabetes, and Graves\u0026rsquo; Disease significantly elevate GC risk. Another study [13] indicated that ADs overall increase GC risk (relative risk [RR]\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.37, 95% CI: 1.24\u0026ndash;1.52). As a key GC risk factor, understanding ADs\u0026rsquo; role in GC onset and progression is vital for grasping research trends in this field.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBibliometrics, a quantitative analysis method, effectively analyzes the structure, framework, and trends of a knowledge system. It visualizes literature, evaluates research status, predicts trends, and summarizes research progress across countries, institutions, authors, and disciplines[14\u0026ndash;16].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo previous studies have comprehensively quantified AID and GC research using bibliometrics. This study aims to objectively analyze bibliometric indicators of AID and GC related literature, clarify research trends, hotspots, and future directions, and offer researchers a clear understanding of the field\u0026rsquo;s development and emerging research focuses.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eSearch Strategy\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAll data were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) using the following search strategy: TS = ((\u0026ldquo;Autoimmune disease\u0026rdquo;) AND (\u0026ldquo;Gastric cancer or Gastric tumor\u0026rdquo; OR \u0026ldquo;Gastric adenocarcinoma\u0026rdquo; OR \u0026ldquo;Gastrinoma or Signet ring cell carcinoma\u0026rdquo;)) AND publishing year = (1995-01-01-2025-5-31) AND document types = (articles \u0026amp; reviews) AND language = (English). When searching for relevant studies in Web of Science, the formal publication date of the studies was used as the criterion. The search process was independently conducted by two senior researchers (Ke Yan and Youfu Tian) to ensure relevance and accuracy. All publication records, including publication year, title, author names, affiliations, countries, abstracts, keywords, and journal names, were exported and saved as plain text files containing \u0026ldquo;complete records and cited references\u0026rdquo;. Node size and color represent the quantity and classification of items, while the thickness of connecting lines reflects the degree of collaboration or co-citation.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eVOSviewer Analysis\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVOSviewer (version 1.6.20) is a powerful tool for analysis and visualization. In this study, the tool was used to extract key information related to the topic and to construct co-occurrence networks for visualization[17, 18].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eCiteSpace Analysis\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCiteSpace (version 6.1. R1), developed by Professor Chaomei Chen, was used for citation burst analysis[19].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eBibliometric Analysis\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe R package \u0026ldquo;bibliometrix\u0026rdquo; (version 3.2.1) was used for thematic evolution analysis and to construct a global distribution network of AID and GC publications. Additionally, Microsoft Office Excel 2021 was used for quantitative analysis of publications.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003eWe analyzed the number of publications in this field from January 1, 1995, to May 31, 2025. From 1995 to 2013, publication numbers were relatively low and stable, with a significant peak in 2014, followed by a decline but remaining around 15. Starting in 2018, the number rose above 30, peaking again in 2023. Predictions show a decline for 2024 and 2025, but still over 20. The annual average total citation frequency (orange line) showed a similar trend to the number of publications. From 1995 to 2007, it was low, peaking in 2008 before declining to between 5 and 10. In 2018, it temporarily surged and then fluctuated around 10. The downward trend predicted for 2025 may be due to the search being conducted only through May 2025, so some publications and citations haven't been fully counted. Also, the search used the online publication date as the time node, and some delayed publications were not included, leading to lower 2025 publication and citation figures.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e2. Country/Region Analysis\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eWe analyzed the number of publications from different countries to identify the major contributors. A total of 3,241 researchers from 1,005 institutions across 55 countries/regions have contributed to the field of AID and GC research. The collaboration network among authors from different countries is shown in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003eA. China, the United States, Italy, and Japan are leading in terms of author affiliation. The Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003eB shows the research output of different countries, with China and the United States having the highest output, both exceeding 250 publications. Italy and Japan follow, with research output around 250 publications in this field.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe production trends of the top five countries (China, Germany, Italy, Japan, and the United States) in this research field from 1995 to 2025 were analyzed. In China (red line), the growth rate was relatively slow from 1995 onwards but significantly accelerated after 2010, reaching its peak in 2023, showing strong growth momentum. Germany's (yellow line) output grew steadily in the early years but accelerated after 2015, nearly catching up with China by 2023. Italy's (green line) growth trend was similar to Germany's but slowed down after 2020. Japan's (blue line) growth trend was relatively stable, with some acceleration after 2010, but its overall growth rate was slower than that of China and Germany. The United States (purple line) had a high initial output and a steady growth trend, but its growth rate accelerated after 2020, reaching a level close to Germany by 2023. 2010 and 2020 were two important turning points, after which the growth rates of research output increased for all countries, especially for China and Germany (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003eC). In terms of citation analysis by country (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003eD), the United States had the highest number of citations (9,661), followed by China (3,490), with other countries having lower citation counts. The United States and China clearly lead in research output and impact in this field. The United States had nearly three times as many citations as China, indicating its absolute advantage in this area. The collaboration among different countries is shown in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003eE. Collaboration between North America (especially the United States) and Europe (especially Western European countries) is very frequent, with dense and thick lines. Collaboration between Asian countries (especially China and Japan) is also significant, with many thick lines. Trans - continental collaboration is most frequent between North America and Europe, particularly between the United States and Western European countries. Collaboration between North America and Asia is also significant, especially between the United States and China/Japan. Collaboration between Europe and Asia is frequent, particularly between Western European countries and China/Japan. The United States is a major collaboration hub, with frequent partnerships with many countries and regions. China and Japan are collaboration hotspots in Asia, and Western European countries (such as Germany, France, and the United Kingdom) are hotspots in Europe. Overall, collaboration mainly focuses on economically developed countries and regions, with more frequent and closer partnerships among them.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e3. Institutional Analysis\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe analyzed institutions involved in publishing studies on AIDRGC. The collaboration network among institutions is shown in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003eA, with \"Monash Univ\", \"Univ Padua\", and \"Univ Pavia\" being highly collaborative. UNIVERSITY OF PADUA ranks first with 25 publications, indicating significant influence and collaboration. HARVARD UNIVERSITY and SAPIENZA UNIVERSITY ROME follow with 23 publications each ( Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003eB). Notably, the top five institutions have shown a marked increase in research output since 2019 ( Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003eC), reflecting their growing activity and impact in this field.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e4. Journal Distribution\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe explored this topic from the source publications' perspective. Analysis of citation relationships among different academic journals revealed that \u003cem\u003eFrontiers in Immunology\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eJournal of Immunology\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eCancers\u003c/em\u003e have the highest citation intensity (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003eA), indicating their research is well - recognized. Using Bradford's Law, we identified core journals related to AIDRGC. \u003cem\u003eFrontiers in Immunology\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eInternational Journal of Cancer\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eWorld Journal of Gastroenterology\u003c/em\u003e ranked highly and were influential (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e.B). The Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003eC shows the top five journals' cumulative publication trends from 1995 to 2025. All experienced a significant increase in cumulative articles after 2015, with a notable rise from 2019, peaking between 2021 and 2023. \u003cem\u003eFrontiers in Immunology\u003c/em\u003e had the highest cumulative articles, reaching about 18 in 2023, highlighting its contribution to this field. We also investigated local citation counts of different academic journals to measure their local academic influence. \u003cem\u003eGastroenterology\u003c/em\u003e had the highest local citations at 918 (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003eD), followed by \u003cem\u003eGUT\u003c/em\u003e (798) and \u003cem\u003eThe Journal of Immunology\u003c/em\u003e (707), indicating their high recognition and influence in this research area. Furthermore, we evaluated the local influence of each journal. Results showed that \u003cem\u003eFrontiers in Immunology\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eInternational journal of molecular sciences\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eWorld Journal of Gastroenterology\u003c/em\u003e consistently ranked top three in H - index and G - index evaluations, underscoring their importance in this research field (details in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe local impact of sources.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSource\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eH_index\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eG_index\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eM_index\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTC\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNP\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.375\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e696\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e488\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.563\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e653\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.304\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e171\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCANCERS\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.857\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e135\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHELICOBACTER\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.207\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e339\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e203\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDIAGNOSTICS\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e63\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.167\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e205\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eJOURNAL OF CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.192\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e268\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.172\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e171\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL PATHOLOGY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.16\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e347\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eANTICANCER RESEARCH\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.182\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e165\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCANCER RESEARCH\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.222\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e348\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDIGESTIVE AND LIVER DISEASE\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.364\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e209\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e77\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGASTROENTEROLOGY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.133\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e258\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eINTERNAL MEDICINE\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.286\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e185\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eINTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.211\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e490\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eJOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY \u0026amp; METABOLISM\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.143\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e539\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTC:Total citation; NP:Number of publishments.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e5. Analysis of Reference and Document\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eWe analyzed references and citations. The citation network among documents is shown in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003eA. Key documents like \u0026ldquo;lenti (2020)\u0026rdquo; and \u0026ldquo;neumann (2013)\u0026rdquo; have large nodes, indicating high influence and frequent citations. We identified the top 15 most cited local documents in this field (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003eB). NEUMANN WL, 2013, NAT REV GASTRO HEPAT (45 citations), LENTI MV, 2020, NAT REV DIS PRIMERS (31 citations), and DE BLOCK CE, 2008, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB (25 citations) ranked highest, highlighting their importance. The co - citation network of references is shown in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003eC. References like \u0026ldquo;neumann wl, 2013, nat rev gast\u0026rdquo; were key. The most cited reference was \u0026ldquo;Classification and grading of gastritis. The updated Sydney System\u0026rdquo; by M F Dixon et al. (1996) in the \u003cem\u003eAmerican Journal of Surgical Pathology\u003c/em\u003e (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003eD). Another highly cited work was \u0026ldquo;Autoimmune atrophic gastritis - pathogenesis, pathology and management\u0026rdquo; by William L Neumann et al. (2013) in \u003cem\u003eNature Reviews Gastroenterology \u0026amp; Hepatology\u003c/em\u003e. We also analyzed all references with citation bursts from 1995 to 2025 (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003eE). These references represent significant research findings that have been widely recognized and have advanced the field.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e6. Author Analysis\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis analysis involved 3,241 researchers from 55 countries/regions, with 191 authors publishing two or more articles on AIDRGC. The author collaboration network is shown in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003eA. ANNIBALE, BRUNO and LAHNER, EDITH ranked highest with 10 publications each, followed by CANNIZZARO, RENATO and LENTI, MARCO VINCENZO (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003eB). Analysis of publication years (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003eC) revealed that ANNIBALE, BRUNO and LAHNER, EDITH were most productive in 2019 and 2021; CANNIZZARO, RENATO in 2015 and 2021; LENTI, MARCO VINCENZO in 2017 and 2019; and RUGGE, MASSIMO in 2013, 2015 and 2017. The top 15 authors with citation bursts (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003eD) had significant influence in specific time periods. In terms of local impact (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e), LAHNER EDITH, RUGGE MASSIMO, and ANNIBALE BRUNO were the top three authors based on H - index. For G - index, ANNIBALE BRUNO ranked higher than RUGGE MASSIMO. This might be related to the differences in evaluation criteria. We also analyzed research output by corresponding author nationality (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e). Chinese corresponding authors had the highest output (98 publications, 17.4%), but only 7.1% were multiple - country publications (MCP), compared to 18.8% for the US. SPAIN, CANADA, and SWITZERLAND had lower output but over 40% MCP, indicating frequent international collaboration.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAuthors' local impact\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAuthor\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eH_index\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eG_index\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eM_index\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTC\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNP\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLAHNER EDITH\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.667\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e464\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRUGGE MASSIMO\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.533\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e749\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eANNIBALE BRUNO\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.583\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e275\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCANNIZZARO RENATO\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e165\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDE RE VALLI\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e156\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLENTI MARCO VINCENZO\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.857\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e388\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMALFERTHEINER PETER\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.375\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e324\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCANZONIERI VINCENZO\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.417\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e149\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDI SABATINO ANTONIO\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.714\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e191\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDIPAOLO RICHARD J.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.385\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e143\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFARINATI FABIO\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.333\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e226\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGENTA ROBERT M.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.385\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e681\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMICELI EMANUELA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.455\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e263\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCORAZZA GINO ROBERTO\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.571\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e158\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFASSAN MATTEO\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.364\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e195\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFORNASARIG MARA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e103\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGRAHAM DAVID Y.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.286\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e276\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eJENKINS BRENDAN J.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e331\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKALTSAS GREGORY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.308\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e150\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTC:Total citation; NP:Number of publishments.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e7. Key - Word Analysis\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eKeywords partially reflect research topics and content, and are important for indicating research direction and trends. Visualization of keyword frequency is shown in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig7\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003eA. \u0026ldquo;Gastric cancer\u0026rdquo; is the most frequent, followed by \u0026ldquo;cancer\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;Helicobacter pylori\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;autoimmune gastritis\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;autoimmunity\u0026rdquo;, and \u0026ldquo;autoimmune diseases\u0026rdquo;. Analysis of the temporal distribution of major keywords shows that most have significantly increased in frequency after 2010 (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig7\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003eB), indicating that these topics have attracted increasing attention in recent years. Analysis of citation bursts of journals for keywords under the theme of AIDRGC is shown in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig7\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003eC. These bursts reflect research hotspots and perspectives at specific times, and to some extent, represent the direction of research. The evolution of these keywords can help reveal the developmental trajectory of this research field. Cluster analysis of keywords resulted in seven subsets, with \u0026ldquo;autoimmune gastritis\u0026rdquo; and \u0026ldquo;autoimmune diseases\u0026rdquo; being the largest clusters(Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig7\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003eD).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCorresponding author's countries\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCountry\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eArticles\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eArticles %\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSCP\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMCP\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMCP %\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCHINA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e98\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e91\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUSA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e69\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eITALY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e59\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eJAPAN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e66\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e63\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGERMANY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e36.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKOREA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGREECE\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAUSTRALIA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e38.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTURKEY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eINDIA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e27.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSPAIN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e45.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIRAN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCANADA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e44.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSWITZERLAND\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e44.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eISRAEL\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e37.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAUSTRIA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePOLAND\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUNITED KINGDOM\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e28.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFINLAND\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e33.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFRANCE\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSCP: Single country publications; MCP: Multi country publications.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec14\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e8. Analysis of Topic Trend\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis analysis also examined the changes in research topic trends in the field of AIDRGC. The results indicate that the attention to most terms has significantly increased after 2010, suggesting that these areas have received more research focus in recent years. Specifically, the term \"autoimmune diseases\" has been gradually rising since 2010, reflecting an increased interest among researchers in the mechanisms and treatments of autoimmune diseases. The terms \"autoimmune gastritis\" and \"autoimmune pancreatitis\" have seen a marked increase after 2015, likely due to advancements in diagnostic techniques and a deeper understanding of these diseases. This rise in attention may also be attributed to more researchers becoming interested in the field, and as initial studies progress, a deeper understanding of the field accelerates its development. The gradual increase in attention to terms such as \"inflammation\", \"Helicobacter pylori\", \"cytokines\", and \"miRNA\" indicates a growing focus on the molecular mechanisms of inflammation and immune responses, which is crucial for understanding the field of AIDRGC. The sharp rise in attention to \"immunotherapy\" and \"immune checkpoint inhibitors\" after 2015 reflects the increasing importance of immunotherapy in this field, which has continued to the present day and represents one of the cutting-edge topics (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig8\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFuture research is likely to focus more on optimizing immunotherapy for autoimmune disease - related gastric cancer, precision treatment for autoimmune diseases, early diagnosis and treatment of cancer, and prevention and treatment of Helicobacter pylori - related diseases.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eAs research continues to advance, the relationship between AIDRGC has been increasingly confirmed. The complex effects of autoimmune diseases on the body's immune system and their abnormal regulation of inflammation significantly increase the likelihood of gastric cancer in patients[6, 8, 20]. Over the past few decades, the exploration of AIDRGC has gained increasing attention, with the number of related research achievements steadily growing[21\u0026ndash;24]. This progress ranges from simple clinical phenomenon reports to in - depth mechanistic investigations and further therapeutic explorations, all of which have contributed to the advancement of this field[25, 26].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBibliometrics, as a comprehensive and multidimensional analytical method, is widely used to evaluate the current status and development trends of various research fields. This study conducted a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of research outputs related to AIDRGC in the WoSCC from 1995 to 2025, based on bibliometric methods. This analysis provides valuable references for accurately identifying the developmental trajectory and emerging focal points in this research area.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSince 1995, total 3,241 researchers from 1,005 institutions across 55 countries and regions worldwide have participated in the research on \"autoimmune disease - related gastric cancer\", indicating that this field has garnered international attention. However, the research scale is not extensive. This may be related to the limited medical research investment and backward research technology in some developing and underdeveloped countries. In particular, in economically underdeveloped countries, research funding is primarily allocated to diseases with wide prevalence, high incidence, and high mortality rates that pose a severe threat to people's lives. As a result, research on \"autoimmune disease - related gastric cancer\" has not yet been initiated in these countries.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOur analysis shows that before 2007, the number of global publications related to \"autoimmune disease - related gastric cancer\" fluctuated yearly. A stable increase truly began after 2008, peaking in 2023, although the annual output was still less than 50. The predicted output for 2025 shows a downward trend, which may be attributed to three aspects. First, when searching for related studies in the Web of Science database, the formal publication date was used as the screening criterion. Therefore, some papers accepted for publication in 2024\u0026ndash;2025 but delayed online were not included in the analysis. This led to a reduction in the number of studies and citations for 2024\u0026ndash;25, as the cumulative effect of this process was relatively weak. Second, as research deepens, the complexity and difficulty of the field increase, or there may be a shift in research direction. Some researchers have turned to more specific or emerging sub - fields. Finally, since the related research output for 2025 was only retrieved up to May, the research output for the second half of the year was not included in the study, which also affected the predicted trend.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChina, the United States, Italy, and Japan are the main contributors in this field. Before 2021, the overall trend of research output in this field by various countries showed a cumulative effect over time, but the growth rate was slow. After 2020, there was a sharp increase, which may be related to the overall global economic growth around this time point. Although China's research output in this field far exceeds that of other countries, its local citation count is only about one - third of that of the United States, which is unusual. The quantity of research output indicates that China has a substantial research investment in this field. However, the relatively low local citation situation seems to suggest that these research outputs are less recognized. Researchers should focus on improving research quality to gain peer recognition. Meanwhile, the United States forms a comparison with China in terms of citation quantity. The reason for the high recognition of U.S. research output is not only due to quality control but also because some important research institutions are located in the United States. These institutions have sufficient funding and research facilities to conduct large - scale research projects. Moreover, some authoritative journals are also based in the United States, which gives U.S. researchers an innate advantage in recognition. In addition, it should be noted that, based on the nationality of the corresponding authors, the proportion of MCPs by Chinese authors is much lower than that of the United States. This suggests that Chinese researchers lack cooperation and communication with other countries in this field, which can easily lead to asymmetry in information and cutting - edge technology. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen cooperation with other countries to maintain a good international influence in the future. Other countries also have certain research achievements in this field, but the quantity is relatively small. The differences among countries may be related to research investment, research foundation, medical resources, and the level of attention paid to the field of AIDRGC.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe UNIVERSITY OF PADUA, HARVARD UNIVERSITY, and SAPIENZA UNIVERSITY ROME are pioneering institutions in this research field. They possess cutting - edge theories and technologies in this area and have the highest research output, driving the progress of this field. Subsequent researchers can collaborate with these institutions to conduct research related to this topic. \"\u003cem\u003eFrontiers in Immunology\u003c/em\u003e\", \"\u003cem\u003eInternational Journal of Cancer\u003c/em\u003e\", and \"\u003cem\u003eWorld Journal of Gastroenterology\u003c/em\u003e\" are the most relevant journals in this field. Based on H - index and G - index evaluations, these three journals are also the most influential in this research area. However, it is worth noting that, although the above - mentioned three journals are the most closely related to this field, the most cited journals in the local citation analysis are \u003cem\u003eGastroenterology\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eGUT\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003ethe Journal of Immunology\u003c/em\u003e. This discrepancy reflects the multidimensionality of journal influence. On the one hand, the influence evaluation based on comprehensive indicators such as H - index and G - index takes into account the overall academic contribution of the journals. On the other hand, local citation analysis reflects the applicability and citation frequency of journals in specific research directions or regions. For researchers, when selecting references or submitting manuscripts to journals, it is necessary to consider both the overall influence of the journals and their applicability in specific research directions (local research). At the same time, this also suggests that, in the development process of journals, in addition to maintaining overall influence in the field of discipline, they should also pay attention to the academic needs of specific research directions and regions to enhance their influence in different dimensions.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe analysis of references shows that \"NEUMANN WL, 2013, NAT REV GASTRO HEPAT\" is the most frequently cited document. The study \"Classification and grading of gastritis. The updated Sydney System\" by M F Dixon et al., published in the \u003cem\u003eAmerican Journal of Surgical Pathology\u003c/em\u003e in October 1996, is the most cited reference. These research achievements have important academic value and influence in this field and may provide an important theoretical basis or research methods for subsequent studies.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe trend analysis shows that immunotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors are one of the cutting - edge topics in this field, indicating that the current focus of researchers is on the treatment of autoimmune - related gastric cancer. The continued increase in attention to inflammation, Helicobacter pylori, cytokines, and miRNA suggests that research is still exploring the pathogenesis of autoimmune - related gastric cancer. Future research is likely to focus more on optimizing immunotherapy for autoimmune - related gastric cancer, precision treatment for autoimmune diseases, early diagnosis and treatment of cancer, and prevention and treatment of Helicobacter pylori - related diseases.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe limitations of this study stem from the inherent issues of the WoSC database. First, this analysis only included data from the WoSCC database, excluding studies indexed in Scopus or PubMed and non - English studies. The quality of metadata in WoSCC may be inconsistent. Errors or inaccuracies in the indexed information, such as incomplete or incorrect author, institutional, or citation tracking details, may affect the accuracy of the bibliometric analysis. These issues may lead to misunderstandings or omissions of important data, thereby affecting the reliability of the research results. Regarding the data for 2024\u0026ndash;2025, the relatively short time span may overlook long - term trends. Common phenomena in academic research, such as delayed indexing, publication lag, and citation delay, may introduce bias into the study results. However, these biases are objectively understandable.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn summary, the limitations of this study mainly arise from the absolute reliance on the WoSCC database, which has issues such as regional coverage bias, language bias, and metadata quality problems[27\u0026ndash;29]. These limitations, combined with the constraints of the time range and the lack of qualitative assessment, mean that the results of this analysis should be interpreted objectively. Future studies could adopt a more comprehensive approach by integrating multiple databases and addressing these biases to provide a more balanced and inclusive research perspective.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis study employed bibliometric methods to conduct a comprehensive analysis of research on AIDRGC. The study revealed the latest research trends, major contributors, and current research foci, providing valuable references for planning future research directions. Although limiting the analysis to studies indexed in WoSCC may introduce some bias, these findings remain of significant reference value.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor contributions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYK and LC contributed equally. YK, LC, ZM, MJ, LY, ZJ, ZX, LZ and TY participated in the conception and design of the study. YK, LC, ZM, and TY organized the database and statistical analysis. MJ, LY, ZJ, ZX, LZ, YK and LC divided the work and participated in the picture drawing. YK and LC wrote the frst draft of the manuscript.YK, LC and TY participated in the revision of the manuscript. All authors read and agreed to the fnal manuscript and authorship arrangement.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo funding support for this study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConflict of interest\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics, Consent to Participate, and Consent to Publish declarations\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eClinical trial registration number\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData Availability Statement\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe original data included in this study were derived from the Web of Science Core Collection, which is publicly available. We strictly adhered to the usage guidelines of this database.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e Menon G, El-Nakeep S, Babiker HM: \u003cb\u003eGastric Cancer\u003c/b\u003e. 2025.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e Smyth EC, Nilsson M, Grabsch HI, van Grieken NC, Lordick F: \u003cb\u003eGastric cancer\u003c/b\u003e. \u003cem\u003eLANCET\u003c/em\u003e 2020, \u003cb\u003e396\u003c/b\u003e(10251):635\u0026ndash;648.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e Thrift AP, El-Serag HB: \u003cb\u003eBurden of Gastric Cancer\u003c/b\u003e. \u003cem\u003eCLIN GASTROENTEROL H\u003c/em\u003e 2020, \u003cb\u003e18\u003c/b\u003e(3):534\u0026ndash;542.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e Sundar R, Nakayama I, Markar SR, Shitara K, van Laarhoven H, Janjigian YY, Smyth EC: \u003cb\u003eGastric cancer\u003c/b\u003e. \u003cem\u003eLANCET\u003c/em\u003e 2025, 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gastritis\u003c/b\u003e. \u003cem\u003eDIGEST ENDOSC\u003c/em\u003e 2022, \u003cb\u003e34\u003c/b\u003e(4):700\u0026ndash;713.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e Liu W: \u003cb\u003eThe data source of this study is Web of Science Core Collection? Not enough\u003c/b\u003e. \u003cem\u003eSCIENTOMETRICS\u003c/em\u003e 2019, \u003cb\u003e121\u003c/b\u003e(3):1815\u0026ndash;1824.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e Liu W, Hu G, Tang L: \u003cb\u003eMissing author address information in Web of Science\u0026mdash;An explorative study\u003c/b\u003e. \u003cem\u003eJ INFORMETR\u003c/em\u003e 2018, \u003cb\u003e12\u003c/b\u003e(3):985\u0026ndash;997.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e Liu W: \u003cb\u003eThe changing role of non-English papers in scholarly communication: Evidence from Web of Science's three journal citation indexes\u003c/b\u003e. \u003cem\u003eLEARN PUBL\u003c/em\u003e 2017, \u003cb\u003e30\u003c/b\u003e(2):115\u0026ndash;123.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Gastric cancer, Autoimmune diseases, Bibliometrics, CiteSpace, VOSviewer","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6897689/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6897689/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackground and Objective:\u003c/strong\u003e Autoimmune diseases are closely linked to gastric cancer development and are a significant etiological factor. Despite recent research progress in this field, a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the relationship between autoimmune diseases and gastric cancer is still lacking. This study aims to use bibliometric methods to analyze the knowledge structure and research trends in autoimmune disease-related gastric cancer(AIDRGC).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethods:\u003c/strong\u003e We retrieved literature related to AIDRGC from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) from January 1, 1995, to May 31, 2025, and analyzed the data using tools such as VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and the R package \"bibliometrics\".\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults:\u003c/strong\u003e A total of 3,241 researchers from 1,005 institutions across 55 countries/regions have contributed to this research field. The number of publications in this global research area showed a general upward trend until 2023. China had the highest number of publications, while the United States had the highest number of citations. The University of Padua, Harvard University, and Sapienza University of Rome were the most influential institutions. Journals such as \"Frontiers in Immunology\", \"International Journal of Cancer\", and \"World Journal of Gastroenterology\" ranked highly in the field. The study \"Classification and grading of gastritis. The updated Sydney System\" by M. F. Dixon et al. was the most cited reference. Authors such as Lahner Edith, Rugge Massimo, and Annibale Bruno had the highest local influence. Chinese corresponding authors had limited international collaboration and should enhance multinational country publications (MCP). Research on immunotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors has risen sharply in attention since 2015 and represents a cutting-edge topic in this field. Future research is likely to focus more on optimizing immunotherapy for AIDRGC, precision treatment for autoimmune diseases, and early cancer diagnosis and therapy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusion:\u003c/strong\u003e This study reveals the research direction and trends in AIDRGC. Global research interest in this field is increasing, and countries such as China and the United States have made significant contributions. Immunotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors show great potential in treating AIDRGC and are current research hotspots. Further research is needed on the pathogenesis, early prevention, and individualized treatment of AIDRGC.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Exploration and Visualization Analysis of Autoimmune Disease-Related Gastric Cancer: A Bibliometric Analysis","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-07-18 13:33:23","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6897689/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"b01ca259-085b-43ac-befc-8eeed7b5c11a","owner":[],"postedDate":"July 18th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-10-22T07:53:15+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-07-18 13:33:23","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6897689","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6897689","identity":"rs-6897689","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}