Current Clear Aligners Under Scrutiny: Balancing the treatment alternatives choice and tissue loss

Current Clear Aligners Under Scrutiny: Balancing the treatment alternatives choice and tissue loss | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Current Clear Aligners Under Scrutiny: Balancing the treatment alternatives choice and tissue loss Yubohan Zhang, Houzhuo Luo, Xiao Lei, Xu Wang, Wen Qin, Xu Zhang, and 3 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6083541/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background Numerous studies and applications are aimed at preventing tissue loss and tooth control in severe cases, but there has yet to be a large-scale sample analysis of the current clinical outcomes of clear aligner therapy (CAT). The aim of this retrospective study is to conduct the overall evaluation of alveolar bone and tooth root dimension changes in anterior teeth among different tooth extraction cases undergoing CAT, and provide available information for clinical guidance use in CAT. Methods 281 patients (186 non-extraction [NE] patients, 59 patients with two-premolar-extraction [TPE] in both maxilla and mandible and 36 patients with TPE in maxilla and one-lower-incisor-extraction [OLIE] in mandible) were selected from the records in recent 3 years. The dentoalveolar quantitative changes were analyzed using pre- (T1) and post-treatment (T2) computed tomography (CBCT). The measured parameters included alveolar bone height (ABH), alveolar bone thickness (ABT), and root length in anterior teeth among different tooth extraction cases. Results Alveolar bone height loss is common in all groups after CAT. Compared with NEs, TPE patients showed more risk of lingual bone dehiscence and torque loss (P < 0.05), while OLIE groups showed more risk of open gingival embrasures (OGE) (P < 0.05). More severe loss in mandibular anterior teeth were found compared to maxillary anterior teeth (P < 0.05). Conclusion Different tooth extraction types could lead to different degrees of bone loss along the direction of tooth movement, and orthodontists should adopt more cautious measures in mandibular anterior teeth. Even with numerous experimental studies for improving techniques and design in CAT, tooth control and complication prevention in extraction cases are still challenging for orthodontists. Clear aligner therapy (CAT) cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) tooth extraction type bone thickness and height root resorption bone dehiscence open gingival embrasure Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Background Clear aligner therapy (CAT) is a rapidly evolving domain in modern orthodontics, which improves patient acceptance of the device and simplifies oral hygiene procedures [ 1 ]. Clear aligners (CAs) were initially used in mild to moderate malocclusion cases with high predictability of treatment efficacy [ 2 ], which are increasingly being used in more complex cases, such as presurgical orthodontic and extraction cases [ 3 , 4 ]. In contemporary orthodontics, extraction patients are very common, and nearly 30% of patients require extraction of premolars to manage malocclusion [ 5 ], however, recent surveys indicated that 60% of practitioners rarely combined CAT with premolar extractions [ 6 , 7 ]. Moreover, due to the short development time and the limited number of patients, large-scale studies on different types of extractions in CAT are scarce, especially lower incisor extraction cases. This situation may due to the advantages of Invisalign in distalizing molars, the possibility for choosing non-extraction treatment in borderline cases could increase [ 8 ]. Therefore, treatment alternatives for extraction in CAT warrants further exploration. Most previous studies and our preliminary research [ 9 , 10 ] focused on comparing fixed orthodontic appliances and CAs in patients with the same extraction type, however, there are currently no comparative studies on different extraction types in CAs. Different extraction types could correspond to varying degrees of bone remodeling, and bone loss after orthodontic treatment may be the side effect of specific types of malocclusion orthodontic extraction [ 11 , 12 ]. The morphology of the alveolar bone is typically quantified in terms of bone height and thickness. Meanwhile, orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) is also common in CAT [ 13 ]. Additionally, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) overcomes the limitations of panoramic and periapical films, which can not only accurately collect information from the coronal plane, but also from the sagittal direction. Having an overall understanding of bone morphology remodeling and OIIRR through CBCT in different extraction cases helps in the selection of treatment alternatives and prevention of any iatrogenic sequelae in the periodontium, such as bone dehiscence and fenestration. The aim of the retrospective study was to conduct a large-scale sample analysis in adult patients undergoing CAT, then provide available information on alveolar bone changes and root resorption of anterior teeth in different tooth extraction cases, finally, provide clinical guidance for the treatment alternatives and design in CAT. Materials and Methods Records in the recent 3 years of adult healthy patients after CAT (Invisalign, Align Technology, USA) in the Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of the Air Force Military Medical University were reviewed in this study. The maxillary or mandibular anterior teeth were selected as the research objects. Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) Patients had no periodontal issues before or during orthodontic treatment; (2) Age ≥ 18 years old; (3) clear cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) at pre-treatment (T1) and post-treatment (T2). Exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) The maxillary or mandibular anterior teeth previously had restoration and root canal treatment; (2) Patients with previous orthodontic treatment history; (3) Interproximal enamel reduction during orthodontic treatment; (4) History of trauma or surgery in the anterior teeth region before or during treatment. Finally, 281 patients (186 non-extraction [NE] patients, 59 patients with two-premolar-extraction [TPE] in both maxilla and mandible and 36 patients with TPE in maxilla and one-lower-incisor-extraction [OLIE] in mandible) were selected from the original records. These total subjects (mean age, 31.5 years; range, 18–45 years) were included with a similar constituent ratio of sexes. The protocol for this study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Stomatological Hospital of the Air Force Military Medical University (IRB - REV − 2022130). CBCT (KaVo 3D eXam, 120 kV, 5 mA, voxel size of 0.3 mm and 9.6-second scan time) data were obtained at T1 and T2. The DICOM data from the CBCT scan was uploaded into Dolphin Imaging version 11.9 (Chatsworth, Calif) for storage and interpretation. Reconstruction was performed so that the long axis of each tooth/root became perpendicular to its axial slices. Automatic reconstruction of image slices was perpendicular to axial slices. This results in optimal visualization of the alveolar crest (AC) relative to the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) in axial, coronal and sagittal views, as previously mentioned [ 14 ]. Using the axial view, two reference lines were placed: one between the CEJs on the labial and palatal/lingual surfaces, and one between the CEJs on the mesial and distal surfaces. Parallel to these, additional lines were placed at the AC on the labial, palatal/lingual, mesial and distal sites [ 11 ]. Bone height was defined as the vertical distance from the reference line to the top of the AC on the labial, palatal/lingual, mesial and distal surfaces (Supplementary Fig. 1). The thickness of the labial alveolar bone was measured at apex sites and sites located 3 mm, 6 mm and 9 mm away from the reference line on the buccal and lingual surfaces (Supplementary Fig. 2). Root length (RL) was measured in the sagittal views; ICP-AC was measured in the coronal views (Supplementary Fig. 3). The patient radiographs were measured twice over a two-month period by a single author (Zhang). Statistical analysis The inter-rater reliability of the measurements was assessed using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), which yielded a value of 0.88. Normality of the data was evaluated using the Shapiro-Wilk test. For normally distributed data, T-tests and one-way ANOVA were employed to identify statistically significant differences, whereas the Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis H test were utilized for non-normally distributed data. Post-hoc analyses were conducted using Turkey's HSD test or Dunn's test when multiple comparisons were performed. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS software, version 24.0 (IBM), and figures were created with GraphPad Prism, version 8.0.2 (GraphPad Software). All statistical tests were two-tailed, and a P-value of less than 0.05 was set as the threshold for statistical significance. Results A descriptive comparison of maxillary anterior teeth in different tooth extraction types was given in Table 1. As for the alveolar bone height in NE and TPE individuals, the LIAC-CEJ at T2 were 1.48 ± 1.74 mm and 2.83 ± 1.48 mm in central incisors, 1.76 ± 2.13 mm and 3.08 ± 2.44 mm in lateral incisors, and 1.99 ± 1.22 mm and 2.87 ± 1.64 mm in canines respectively (P < 0.01), while the same trend was seen in the ΔLIAC-CEJ (P 2mm. As for the change of alveolar bone thickness, a significantly smaller thickness in labial sites (ΔLAABT-3 [0.03 ± 0.36 mm] and ΔLAABT-6 [-0.01 ± 0.45 mm] in central incisors; ΔLAABT-3 [-0.07 ± 0.31 mm], ΔLAABT-9 [-0.02 ± 0.43 mm] and ΔLAABT-apex [0.00 ± 0.80 mm] in canines) and larger thickness in lingual sites (ΔLIABT-3 [-0.11 ± 0.67 mm] and ΔLIABT-6 [0.01 ± 1.15 mm] in central incisors) were measured in NE patients compared with TPE individuals (P < 0.05, Table 1). The ΔLABT-apex (1.65 ± 4.75 mm) in canines was significantly increased compared to NE patients (P < 0.05). For ICP-AC, TPE individuals show a statistically significant increase trend compared to the NE patients after treatment (ΔICP-AC [0.85 ± 1.37 mm] and ICP-AC at T2 [5.82 ± 1.14 mm] in central incisors; ΔICP-AC [1.15 ± 1.02 mm] in lateral incisors; P < 0.05). Overall, in the labial-lingual direction: TPE individuals show an increasing trend in the height and thickness of the labial alveolar bone compared to NE patients, while the height and thickness of the lingual alveolar bone show a decreasing trend. In the mesial-distal direction: TPE patients exhibit an increasing trend in ICP-AC after treatment compared to NE patients. A descriptive comparison of mandibular anterior teeth in different tooth extraction types was given in Table 2. As for the alveolar bone height, the ΔLIAC-CEJ in central incisors was 0.26 ± 1.38 mm, 1.07 ± 1.57 mm and − 0.02 ± 1.58 mm among the three groups respectively (P < 0.05); the ΔLIAC-CEJ in lateral incisors was − 0.01 ± 1.50 mm, 0.93 ± 1.64 mm and 0.99 ± 2.09 mm respectively (P < 0.05). The LIAC-CEJ at T2 in central incisors was 2.70 ± 1.57 mm, 3.62 ± 1.96 mm and 3.17 ± 2.18 mm respectively (P < 0.05); LIAC-CEJ at T2 in lateral incisors was 2.44 ± 1.26 mm, 3.12 ± 1.50 mm and 3.23 ± 2.02 mm respectively (P < 0.05). Similar as maxilla, the labial alveolar bone thickness in TPE group were higher than that in the NE group: ΔLAABT-6 (0.19 ± 0.49 mm) in central incisors, ΔLAABT-6 (0.33 ± 0.59 mm) and ΔLAABT-9 (0.67 ± 0.80 mm) in canines (P < 0.05); the lingual alveolar bone thickness in TPE group were smaller than that in the NE group: ΔLIABT-6 (-0.50 ± 0.72 mm) in lateral incisors, ΔLIABT-3 (-0.45 ± 0.75 mm) and ΔLIABT-6 (-0.68 ± 0.79 mm) in canines (P < 0.05). Differences were also observed in the level of ΔLABT-3 (0.02 ± 0.58 mm and − 0.41 ± 0.77 mm, respectively) and ΔLABT-6 (-0.03 ± 0.71 mm and − 0.43 ± 0.89mm, respectively) between NE and TPE groups (P < 0.05). In terms of mesiodistal alveolar bone height, ICP-AC at T2 in NE patients (5.12 ± 1.40 mm in central incisors, 1.12 ± 0.12 mm in lateral incisors and 4.58 ± 1.06 mm in canines) was lower than that in other two groups (P < 0.05). Interestingly, the highest value of DAC-CEJ at T2 was observed in the OLIE groups: 3.04 ± 0.71 mm in central incisors and 2.20 ± 0.85 mm in canines. The lowest value of ΔMAC-CEJ was observed in the NE groups: 0.14 ± 0.60 mm in central incisors. Importantly, we also found that root resorption of canines in NE patients (0.08 ± 1.02 mm) was less than that in TPEs (-0.51 ± 0.65 mm) and OLIEs (-0.64 ± 1.18 mm) (P < 0.001). In short, the index values in the labial-lingual direction of TPEs and NEs showed a similar trend as in the maxilla. In the mesial-distal direction: NE patients showed the lowest value in ICP-AC after treatment compared to TPEs and OLIEs, while OLIE groups showed the highest value of DAC-CEJ at T2 compared to NEs and TPEs. Figure 1 visually illustrated the change of LIAC-CEJ in maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth. Compared to extraction patients, NE patients exhibited minimal changes in the ΔLIAC-CEJ, and the LIAC-CEJ at T2 in maxillary anterior teeth did not exceed the 2 mm threshold. However, in TPEs, the LIAC-CEJ at T2 in both maxilla and mandible almost exceeded 2 mm. The loss of LIAC-CEJ in the mandibular anterior teeth is generally greater than that in maxillary anterior teeth. In OLIE patients, even with minimal sagittal movement of the mandibular anterior teeth, there was still considerable LIAC-CEJ loss after treatment. Figure 2 showed the change of ICP-AC in maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth. Compared to extraction patients, NE patients also exhibited minimal changes of ΔICP-AC and ICP-AC at T2, while the OLIEs showed the highest values in ICP-AC at T2. Discussion The ΔMAC-CEJ, ΔDAC-CEJ, ΔLAAC-CEJ and ΔLIAC-CEJ increased in nearly all groups after treatment (Table 1 and Table 2). Loss of alveolar bone height or thickness is common after orthodontic treatment [ 15 ]. The reparative capacity of the alveolar bone and the amount of bone regeneration could occur during the retention phase [ 16 , 17 ]. Scholars found that bone density decrease may recover approximately two years after the completion of treatment in extraction cases, and the potential for complete resolution of the bone defect in the presence of reduced, but healthy, periodontal tissues [ 18 , 19 ]. There were more loss of lingual bone height in TPE patients (LIAC-CEJ at T2 > 2mm) compared with NE groups; Meanwhile, smaller lingual bone thickness were measured in TPEs than NEs (Table 1, Table 2 and Fig. 1 ) Indeed, previous studies found that in TPE patients, alveolar bone height may lose after anterior teeth retraction, but lingual thickness loss was the main problem [ 20 – 22 ], which was significantly correlated with the amount of anterior tooth retraction, particularly at the cervical region [ 23 – 25 ]. Bone or soft tissue augmentations are mostly performed on the labial or buccal side, which are not easy to be conducted on lingual side [ 26 ]; meanwhile, lingual bone dehiscence was not easily been detected and treated but poses a significant health risk to patients. Additionally, our results showed that although less than tooth-extraction patients, NE patients also showed generally bone loss after CAT (Table 1 and Table 2). Excessive bodily advancement or proclination of the anterior teeth for the purpose of overly pursuing non-extraction treatments in borderline cases could do harm to periodontal tissues, and then render the periodontal tissue less resistant to the external environment, especially in the presence of specific triggering factors, such as traumatic toothbrushing and plaque-induced inflammation [ 27 ]. Orthodontists should pay particular attention to the critical remodeling of alveolar bone during OTM. Different extraction types could correspond to varying degrees of tissue remodeling, thus, the bone loss can vary significantly [ 17 , 25 , 28 ]. Except for lingual bone height, bone height in the coronal plane (ΔMAC-CEJ in mandibular central incisors and DAC-CEJ at T2 in mandibular central incisors and canines) also showed significant differences among NE cases and tooth-extraction cases of bone loss. Also, there was almost no difference in the root resorption of anterior teeth among NE cases and tooth-extraction cases (Table 2). These data should be interpreted with caution. Tissue loss may be the side effect of specific types of malocclusion orthodontic extraction. The difference in bone loss was almost all along the direction of tooth movement, because the alveolar bone under compression undergoes more resorption than the tension [ 29 , 30 ]. The mesiodistal bone loss may be because extraction cases involve more mesiodistal movement of anterior teeth than NE cases (such as midline correction and tooth rotation adjustments), with the OLIE patients being the most notable. The morphology of the alveolar bone has always been the limiting factor for the range of tooth movement. Therefore, tissue loss should not be solely attributed to the choice of treatment alternatives, instead, the patient's individual susceptibility and iatrogenic factors during the treatment (i.e., adverse forces and excessive tooth movement) may be the key contributors. The opposing trend were found in bone thickness of 3mm and 9mm away from CEJ in mandibular incisors in TPEs (Table 1 and Table 2). The least predictable movements were torque in clear aligners, especially in mandible incisors [ 31 , 32 ], and central incisors showed greater lingual crown torque than predicted in TPE cases [ 33 ]. However, the presence of power ridges, 2-weekly wearing protocols, and intrusion or labial torque overcorrection cannot fully counteract the lingual crown torque effect during the retraction of anterior teeth [ 32 , 34 , 35 ]. Combined with our results, first, CBCT integration into ClinCheck® is crucial, and the torque expression with CBCT was always higher than that without CBCT [ 36 ]; Second, the design of retraction should be divided into alternating stages of overcorrection and space closure [ 37 ], which could prevent or promptly correct torque loss throughout the treatment; Third, an increased number of prescribed aligners appeared to increase the accuracy of torque expression [ 32 ], multiple restarts of the clear aligner treatment plan could be helpful. Researchers found that if the ICP-AC distance is less than 5 mm, the OGE almost never appears; when the ICP-AC distance reaches 6 mm, the occurrence rate of OGE increases to 44%; when the ICP-AC distance increases to 7 mm or more, the occurrence rate increases to 73% or higher [ 38 ]. Our results showed that extraction could be associated with the increase of ICP-AC, while the OLIEs showed the highest values of ICP-AC at T2 (> 6mm) (Table 1, Table 2 and Fig. 2 ). Researchers found that the ICP-AC distance in maxillary incisors with OGE (5.51 mm) was higher than that in mandibular incisors (5.85 mm) [ 39 ], which was consistent with our results (Table 1, Table 2 and Fig. 2 ). In addition to hard bone tissue, soft tissue may play a more important role in OGE. OGE is common after the extraction of a mandibular incisor [ 28 ], and OLIEs may be more crowded and overlapping incisors compared to the other two groups. The gingival papilla in the interproximal spaces of overlapped incisors exhibits poor development before orthodontic treatment, appearing narrow and elongated. As teeth are aligned, the width of the interproximal spaces increases, causing the gingival fibers in these areas to stretch, and the height of the gingival papilla decreases [ 40 – 42 ]. When considering the limit of gingival remodeling and compression/stretching along the direction of tooth movement, a compromise in the final ideal position of the teeth can be considered, or a step-by-step approach can be taken to achieve the ultimate design goal. The benefits of achieving the ideal position of teeth should therefore be considered in light of the potential risks of OGE [ 10 ]. We also highlighted an increased distance of the ΔLABT-apex of canines in TPE cases (Table 1 and Table 2). This reflected the widening of the alveolar bone morphology as the canines are distalized into the region of the first premolars in TPE patients. However, the ΔLABT-3 and ΔLABT-6 of mandibular canines decreased significantly in TPE cases compared to NE cases (Table 2), possibly as a result of more rotation and crowding of canines before treatment. Because root anatomical structure of oval cross-sectional anatomy, after the derotation of the tooth, the thicker sagittal bone width was required to maintain the normal bone tissue on the labial-palatal/lingual sides [ 43 ]. More importantly, mandibular anterior teeth after therapy experience more severe bone loss compared to the maxillary anterior teeth, specifically manifested as follows (Table 1 and Table 2): First, bone height after treatment at every site in each group were all > 2mm in mandibular incisors; Second, in TPE groups, mandibular incisors were more prone to lose torque control and mandibular canines had a risk of tissue loss after distalization; Third, the value of ICP-AC at T2 in mandible was larger than that in maxilla. This difference may be due to the thin anatomical structure of the mandibular bone [ 44 ]. Previous studies suggest the establishment of virtual biomechanical stimulation and smart design for each tooth during different movement stages should be presented personalized, which is challenging in the short term [ 45 ]. However, the mechanical properties of the aligner material, the thickness or the shape of aligner membrane and the amount of movement can be firstly differentiated based on anatomical differences and biomechanics between the maxilla and mandible. Limitations The limitation of this study is that data analysis was performed on CBCT images taken immediately after treatment. Therefore, a detailed long-term study is necessary to ascertain whether the consequences of tissue loss heal spontaneously over time. Due to the limitations of retrospective data collection, we were unable to obtain more information on patient tooth movement for further analysis. Conclusion Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that Alveolar bone loss is common after CAT, and different tooth extraction types could be associated with different degree of bone loss along the direction of tooth movement. However, the choice of treatment alternatives may be not the key contributor to bone loss, but the iatrogenic factors (i.e., adverse forces and excessive tooth movement) during the treatment. Despite numerous studies and applications aimed at preventing torque loss and lingual bone dehiscence during anterior teeth retraction in TPE patients, clinical outcomes observed in large sample sizes have been suboptimal. The problem will remain a long-term challenge for orthodontists and will require ongoing exploration. Extraction could be associated with the increase of ICP-AC, while the OLIEs showed the most severe loss among all groups, which may increase the risk of OGE. There were more severe tissue loss around mandibular anterior teeth after treatment compared to maxillary anterior teeth. Different design concepts, tooth movement, and material properties could be firstly applied separately to the maxilla and mandible. Abbreviations ABH: Alveolar bone height ABT: Alveolar bone thickness AC: Alveolar crest CAs: Clear aligners CAT: Clear aligner therapy CBCT: Cone beam computed tomography CEJ: Relative to the cementoenamel junction ICC: Intraclass Correlation Coefficient OIIRR: Orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption RL: Root length Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate The Institutional Review Board of the Stomatological Hospital of the Air Force Military Medical University has formally approved this project. Consent for participate Not applicable. Funding This study was supported by grants LCB202202 from National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, grants CSA-02022-01 from CSA Clinical Research Fund, grants A2023-13 from China Oral Health Foundation and grants LX2022-401 from New Technologies and New Business of School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University Fund, grants 82101051 from National Natural Science Foundation of China, grants C-YKT202215 from Teaching research topic of "First-class Graduate Education Plan", Air Force Medical University Fund, grants 2024LC2426 from Air Force Medical University Clinical Research Program. Author Contribution Y. Z., X. L., H. L. carried out the data collection of the study. Y. Z., X. L., H. L. performed the measurements and drafted the manuscript. X. W. and X. L. gave statistical analysis guidance. Y. Z., W. Q., J. G. and X. W. participated in the classification of open gingival embrasures. Y. Z., X. Y., J. G. gave study concept and design. 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Efficacy of upper-incisor torque control with clear aligners: a retrospective study using cone-beam computed tomography. Clin Oral Investig. 2023;27:3863-73. Zhu Y, Hu W, Li S. Force changes associated with differential activation of en-masse retraction and/or intrusion with clear aligners. Korean J Orthod. 2021;51:32-42. Queirós C, Gonçalves M, Ferreira S, de Castro I, Azevedo R, Pinho T. Comparison of Upper Central Incisor Torque in the ClinCheck® with and without CBCT Integration: A Cross-Sectional Study. Dent J (Basel). 2024;12. Wang YG, Zhu GY, Liu JQ, Wang YF, Zhao ZH. Dynamic biomechanical changes of clear aligners during extraction space closure: Finite element analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2024;165:272-84.e3. Tarnow DP, Magner AW, Fletcher P. The effect of the distance from the contact point to the crest of bone on the presence or absence of the interproximal dental papilla. J Periodontol. 1992;63:995-6. An SS, Choi YJ, Kim JY, Chung CJ, Kim KH. Risk factors associated with open gingival embrasures after orthodontic treatment. Angle Orthod. 2018;88:267-74. Edwards JG. The diastema, the frenum, the frenectomy: a clinical study. Am J Orthod. 1977;71:489-508. Atherton JD. The gingival response to orthodontic tooth movement. Am J Orthod. 1970;58:179-86. Burke S, Burch JG, Tetz JA. Incidence and size of pretreatment overlap and posttreatment gingival embrasure space between maxillary central incisors. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1994;105:506-11. Wehrbein H, Bauer W, Diedrich P. Mandibular incisors, alveolar bone, and symphysis after orthodontic treatment. A retrospective study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1996;110:239-46. Foosiri P, Mahatumarat K, Panmekiate S. Relationship between mandibular symphysis dimensions and mandibular anterior alveolar bone thickness as assessed with cone-beam computed tomography. Dental Press J Orthod. 2018;23:54-62. Lyu X, Cao X, Yan J, Zeng R, Tan J. Biomechanical effects of clear aligners with different thicknesses and gingival-margin morphology for appliance design optimization. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2023;164:239-52. Tables Table 1. Tooth and alveolar bone morphology among maxillary anterior teeth in different tooth extraction patients. Variables Central incisor Lateral incisor Canine NE (n=186) TPE (n=95) P value NE (n=186) TPE (n=95) P value NE (n=186) TPE (n=95) P value ΔMAC-CEJ (mm) 0.17±0.71 0.32±0.82 0.302 0.20±0.51 0.38±0.65 0.097 0.11±0.60 0.17±0.73 0.658 ΔDAC-CEJ (mm) 0.00±0.63 0.06±0.52 0.594 0.13±0.57 0.19±0.54 0.606 0.05±0.55 0.03±1.09 0.899 ΔLAAC-CEJ (mm) -0.04±1.29 -0.07±0.71 0.895 0.32±1.73 0.09±1.64 0.455 0.68±3.36 0.06±1.00 0.230 ΔLIAC-CEJ (mm) 0.09±0.71 0.87±0.77 0.007** 0.43±1.13 1.63±1.66 0.006** 0.43±1.10 0.97±1.37 0.038* MAC-CEJ at T2 (mm) 1.93±0.88 1.90±0.71 0.799 2.18±0.62 1.99±0.68 0.093 1.94±0.74 1.87±0.64 0.598 DAC-CEJ at T2 (mm) 1.92±0.71 1.93±0.56 0.920 2.31±0.63 2.21±0.56 0.341 2.11±0.76 1.99±0.84 0.398 LAAC-CEJ at T2 (mm) 2.12±1.62 1.82±0.78 0.234 2.66±1.61 2.58±1.25 0.758 3.02±3.29 2.49±0.98 0.154 LIAC-CEJ at T2 (mm) 1.48±1.74 2.83±1.48 0.001** 1.76±2.13 3.08±2.44 0.001** 1.99±1.22 2.87±1.64 0.002** ΔLAABT-3 (mm) 0.03±0.36 0.26±0.57 0.017* 0.00±0.37 -0.04±0.59 0.683 -0.07±0.31 0.08±0.35 0.016* ΔLAABT-6 (mm) -0.01±0.45 0.24±0.52 0.004** 0.10±0.34 0.14±0.48 0.600 -0.05±0.38 0.05±0.57 0.287 ΔLAABT-9 (mm) 0.04±0.63 0.27±0.73 0.079 0.11±0.49 0.27±0.99 0.326 -0.02±0.43 0.20±0.60 0.043* ΔLAABT-apex (mm) 0.16±0.88 0.36±1.08 0.232 0.07±0.88 0.38±1.02 0.092 0.00±0.80 0.33±1.02 0.047* ΔLIABT-3 (mm) -0.11±0.67 -0.45±0.52 0.004** -0.16±0.52 -0.32±0.64 0.121 -0.15±0.61 -0.30±0.68 0.197 ΔLIABT-6 (mm) 0.01±1.15 -0.54±1.01 0.008** -0.19±0.83 -0.25±1.47 0.812 -0.19±0.88 -0.44±0.90 0.131 ΔLIABT-9 (mm) -0.09±1.94 -0.76±2.11 0.086 -0.23±1.28 -0.15±2.03 0.830 -0.37±1.20 -0.72±2.63 0.295 ΔLABT-3 (mm) -0.03±0.50 -0.12±0.70 0.422 -0.10±0.55 -0.28±0.64 0.108 -0.31±1.38 0.09±1.61 0.144 ΔLABT-6 (mm) 0.02±0.77 -0.17±0.83 0.193 -0.05±0.68 -0.22±1.29 0.413 -0.38±1.50 -0.01±1.88 0.217 ΔLABT-9 (mm) 0.13±1.15 -0.35±1.95 0.093 -0.12±0.90 -0.15±2.09 0.940 0.19±6.55 0.12±2.25 0.947 ΔLABT-apex (mm) 0.19±1.12 0.00±1.56 0.422 -0.08±0.97 0.33±2.08 0.226 -0.49±5.22 1.65±4.75 0.016* ΔRL (mm) -0.34±0.72 -0.59±0.86 0.073 -0.02±0.82 -0.34±1.07 0.088 -0.03±1.36 -0.36±1.09 0.170 ΔICP-AC (mm) -0.20±0.96 0.85±1.37 0.003** 0.37±1.20 1.15±1.02 0.001** 0.18±1.08 0.61±0.97 0.080 ICP-AC at T2 (mm) 5.13±1.13 5.82±1.14 0.022* 4.69±0.95 4.80±0.97 0.562 4.53±1.18 4.80±0.78 0.239 T1, before treatment; T2, after treatment; Δ, T2-T1; CEJ, cementoenamel junction; AC, alveolar crest; MAC/DAC/LAAC/LIAC-CEJ, distance from mesial/distal/labial/ lingual AC to CEJ; LAABT/LIABT-3/6/9, labial/lingual alveolar bone thickness 3/6/9mm away from CEJ; LAABT-apex, labial alveolar bone thickness of apex; LABT-3/6/9, horizontal alveolar bone thickness 3/6/9mm away from CEJ; LABT-apex, horizontal alveolar bone thickness of apex; RL, root length; ICP-AC, distance from interproximal contact point to AC; RCEJ-LCEJ, distance from right CEJ to left CEJ. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01. Table 2. Tooth and alveolar bone morphology measurements among mandibular anterior teeth in different tooth extraction patients. Variables Central incisor Lateral incisor Canine NE (n=186) TPE (n=59) OLIE (n=36) P value NE (n=186) TPE (n=59) OLIE (n=36) P value NE (n=186) TPE (n=59) OLIE (n=36) P value ΔMAC-CEJ (mm) 0.14±0.60 a 0.52±0.80 b 0.84±0.37 b 0.019* 0.10±0.53 0.11±0.67 0.15±0.27 0.960 0.11±0.65 0.15±1.00 0.20±0.66 0.069 ΔDAC-CEJ (mm) 0.15±0.56 0.40±0.82 -0.02±0.83 0.234 0.20±0.65 -0.02±0.93 0.05±0.47 0.364 -0.01±0.53 0.01±0.53 0.08±0.50 0.085 ΔLAAC-CEJ (mm) 0.98±2.32 0.76±1.70 0.79±2.99 0.881 0.73±2.25 0.95±2.38 0.48±0.91 0.810 0.41±2.83 0.29±3.32 0.37±1.30 0.976 ΔLIAC-CEJ (mm) 0.26±1.38 b 1.07±1.57 a -0.02±1.58 b 0.043* -0.01±1.50 a 0.93±1.64 b 0.99±2.09 b 0.009** 0.39±1.19 0.80±1.13 0.77±1.61 0.191 MAC-CEJ at T2 (mm) 2.34±0.79 2.44±0.83 3.15±1.40 0.097 2.27±0.70 2.31±0.89 2.57±0.87 0.403 2.08±0.73 2.21±0.72 2.45±0.95 0.139 DAC-CEJ at T2 (mm) 2.34±0.75 a 2.46±0.98 a 3.04±0.71 b 0.007** 2.12±0.79 2.16±0.88 2.39±0.87 0.538 1.73±0.61 a 1.89±0.69 ab 2.20±0.85 b 0.015* LAAC-CEJ at T2 (mm) 2.99±2.44 2.97±1.57 3.68±2.73 0.537 3.08±2.81 3.87±2.58 2.68±1.89 0.321 3.65±2.92 3.47±2.42 2.91±1.79 0.063 LIAC-CEJ at T2 (mm) 2.70±1.57 a 3.62±1.96 b 3.17±2.18 ab 0.043* 2.44±1.26 a 3.12±1.50 b 3.23±2.02 b 0.032* 2.06±1.34 2.61±1.14 2.73±1.65 0.054 ΔLAABT-3 (mm) -0.14±0.34 -0.20±0.40 -0.20±0.52 0.702 -0.18±0.41 -0.11±0.35 -0.02±0.23 0.328 -0.06±0.31 -0.04±0.33 -0.20±0.26 0.132 ΔLAABT-6 (mm) -0.08±0.38 a 0.19±0.49 b -0.19±0.61 a 0.044* -0.03±0.36 -0.16±0.46 -0.05±0.23 0.147 0.02±0.33 a 0.33±0.59 b -0.08±0.75 a 0.029* ΔLAABT-9 (mm) -0.19±0.91 0.07±0.83 0.25±0.93 0.124 0.00±0.70 0.30±0.97 0.18±0.60 0.218 0.22±0.67 a 0.67±0.80 b 0.31±0.58 ab 0.009** ΔLAABT-apex (mm) -0.08±0.98 0.18±1.09 0.31±0.92 0.233 0.38±0.95 0.13±2.00 0.26±1.19 0.804 0.75±1.13 0.70±1.48 0.27±1.46 0.282 ΔLIABT-3 (mm) 0.08±0.44 -0.16±0.47 0.06±0.62 0.063 0.17±0.54 -0.12±0.59 -0.04±0.51 0.050 0.02±0.47 a -0.45±0.75 b -0.11±0.50 ab 0.011* ΔLIABT-6 (mm) 0.11±0.67 -0.15±0.53 -0.08±0.75 0.150 0.11±0.67 a -0.50±0.72 b -0.10±0.65 ab 0.001** -0.14±0.70 a -0.68±0.79 b -0.38±0.61 ab 0.002** ΔLIABT-9 (mm) -0.01±1.02 0.06±0.63 -0.15±1.11 0.797 -0.20±0.87 -0.42±0.84 -0.04±0.39 0.189 -0.33±0.74 -0.71±0.79 -0.47±0.65 0.053 ΔLABT-3 (mm) 0.02±0.42 -0.17±0.49 0.03±0.46 0.128 0.08±0.58 -0.25±0.71 0.02±0.45 0.060 0.02±0.58 a -0.41±0.77 b -0.26±0.58 ab 0.004** ΔLABT-6 (mm) 0.10±0.53 0.06±0.44 -0.04±0.63 0.304 0.12±0.57 a -0.46±0.88 b -0.17±0.63 ab 0.010* -0.03±0.71 a -0.43±0.89 b -0.31±0.88 ab 0.035* ΔLABT-9 (mm) -0.05±0.95 0.05±0.55 0.24±0.56 0.455 -0.05±0.95 -0.26±0.83 -0.05±0.56 0.581 -0.03±0.73 -0.14±0.88 -0.17±0.66 0.655 ΔLABT-apex (mm) -0.09±1.06 0.03±0.61 0.19±0.77 0.529 0.08±0.57 -0.13±1.38 0.04±0.97 0.766 0.18±0.78 0.25±0.92 -0.28±1.04 0.073 ΔRL (mm) -0.33±0.59 -0.37±0.56 -0.35±0.77 0.952 -0.16±0.81 -0.46±1.07 -0.50±0.63 0.183 0.08±1.02 a -0.51±0.65 b -0.64±1.18 b 0.001** ΔICP-AC (mm) 0.47±1.50 1.43±1.43 1.64±1.76 0.054 0.93±1.30 a 2.13±1.53 b 1.44±1.60 ab 0.001** 0.39±1.20 1.14±1.92 0.93±1.02 0.054 ICP-AC at T2 (mm) 5.12±1.40 a 5.95±1.44 b 6.66±1.25 b 0.024* 5.12±0.12 a 5.68±0.34 b 6.25±0.50 b < 0.001** 4.58±1.06 a 5.12±0.84 b 5.77±0.68 b < .001** T1, before treatment; T2, after treatment; Δ, T2-T1; CEJ, cementoenamel junction; AC, alveolar crest; MAC/DAC/LAAC/LIAC-CEJ, distance from mesial/distal/labial/ lingual AC to CEJ; LAABT/LIABT-3/6/9, labial/lingual alveolar bone thickness 3/6/9mm away from CEJ; LAABT-apex, labial alveolar bone thickness of apex; LABT-3/6/9, horizontal alveolar bone thickness 3/6/9mm away from CEJ; LABT-apex, horizontal alveolar bone thickness of apex; RL, root length; ICP-AC, distance from interproximal contact point to AC; RCEJ-LCEJ, distance from right CEJ to left CEJ. The difference between superscript letters 'a' and 'b' indicates a significant difference between groups. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files FigureS1.tif Supplementary Figure 1 Methods for the measurement of alveolar bone height (Take the upper incisor as an example). FigureS2.tif Supplementary Figure 2 Methods for the measurement of alveolar bone thickness (Take the upper incisor as an example). FigureS3.tif Supplementary Figure 3 Methods for the measurement of ICP-AC and root length (Take the upper incisor as an example). Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6083541","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":425746623,"identity":"134201a8-3683-46aa-af78-ba902531744f","order_by":0,"name":"Yubohan Zhang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"School of Stomatology , The Fourth Military Medical University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yubohan","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""},{"id":425746624,"identity":"57b9ed6e-5a22-4dba-a94a-9397bbd4c6b9","order_by":1,"name":"Houzhuo Luo","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"School of Stomatology , The 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06:23:08","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6083541/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6083541/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":78347149,"identity":"b76857ab-6ddb-43f4-96e8-4d91fd29fe1e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-03-12 09:52:22","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":92272,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eError bar plot of mean values of “ΔLIAC-CEJ and LIAC-CEJat T2” in maxillary or mandibular anterior teeth among patients with different tooth extraction type.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6083541/v1/5f5440c2f0d2b998b5e49b5a.png"},{"id":78347182,"identity":"0020542f-3778-425c-8f10-b3b3553da914","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-03-12 09:52:23","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":86471,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eError bar plot of mean values of “ΔICP-AC and ICP-AC at T2” in maxillary or mandibular anterior teeth among patients with different tooth extraction type.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6083541/v1/0215af2d45576349689b3cfa.png"},{"id":78350281,"identity":"13073a14-13c9-4b94-ac96-9381097f3754","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-03-12 10:24:25","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1186800,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6083541/v1/c6927ffe-dacd-4e03-96a0-472de17baa6e.pdf"},{"id":78347181,"identity":"b20ff7b5-a404-4c4b-be3d-a48056d5919d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-03-12 09:52:23","extension":"tif","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":22890272,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSupplementary Figure 1 \u003c/strong\u003eMethods for the measurement of alveolar bone height (Take the upper incisor as an example).\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"FigureS1.tif","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6083541/v1/77c53faf297ed3dd86e3dfea.tif"},{"id":78347167,"identity":"d7500abd-bc4a-45df-b3a4-24819f62185b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-03-12 09:52:23","extension":"tif","order_by":3,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":22423712,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSupplementary Figure 2 \u003c/strong\u003eMethods for the measurement of alveolar bone thickness (Take the upper incisor as an example).\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"FigureS2.tif","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6083541/v1/8a6083059adb7cf391e84d4d.tif"},{"id":78347184,"identity":"10633fd0-28de-4f20-8426-ff5a77c92599","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-03-12 09:52:24","extension":"tif","order_by":4,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":27237888,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSupplementary Figure 3 \u003c/strong\u003eMethods for the measurement of ICP-AC and root length (Take the upper incisor as an example).\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"FigureS3.tif","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6083541/v1/22c25be955fa66aea0903484.tif"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Current Clear Aligners Under Scrutiny: Balancing the treatment alternatives choice and tissue loss","fulltext":[{"header":"Background","content":"\u003cp\u003eClear aligner therapy (CAT) is a rapidly evolving domain in modern orthodontics, which improves patient acceptance of the device and simplifies oral hygiene procedures [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e]. Clear aligners (CAs) were initially used in mild to moderate malocclusion cases with high predictability of treatment efficacy [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e], which are increasingly being used in more complex cases, such as presurgical orthodontic and extraction cases [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn contemporary orthodontics, extraction patients are very common, and nearly 30% of patients require extraction of premolars to manage malocclusion [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e], however, recent surveys indicated that 60% of practitioners rarely combined CAT with premolar extractions [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e]. Moreover, due to the short development time and the limited number of patients, large-scale studies on different types of extractions in CAT are scarce, especially lower incisor extraction cases. This situation may due to the advantages of Invisalign in distalizing molars, the possibility for choosing non-extraction treatment in borderline cases could increase [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e]. Therefore, treatment alternatives for extraction in CAT warrants further exploration. Most previous studies and our preliminary research [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e] focused on comparing fixed orthodontic appliances and CAs in patients with the same extraction type, however, there are currently no comparative studies on different extraction types in CAs.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDifferent extraction types could correspond to varying degrees of bone remodeling, and bone loss after orthodontic treatment may be the side effect of specific types of malocclusion orthodontic extraction [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e]. The morphology of the alveolar bone is typically quantified in terms of bone height and thickness. Meanwhile, orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) is also common in CAT [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e]. Additionally, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) overcomes the limitations of panoramic and periapical films, which can not only accurately collect information from the coronal plane, but also from the sagittal direction. Having an overall understanding of bone morphology remodeling and OIIRR through CBCT in different extraction cases helps in the selection of treatment alternatives and prevention of any iatrogenic sequelae in the periodontium, such as bone dehiscence and fenestration.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe aim of the retrospective study was to conduct a large-scale sample analysis in adult patients undergoing CAT, then provide available information on alveolar bone changes and root resorption of anterior teeth in different tooth extraction cases, finally, provide clinical guidance for the treatment alternatives and design in CAT.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Materials and Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003eRecords in the recent 3 years of adult healthy patients after CAT (Invisalign, Align Technology, USA) in the Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of the Air Force Military Medical University were reviewed in this study. The maxillary or mandibular anterior teeth were selected as the research objects. Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) Patients had no periodontal issues before or during orthodontic treatment; (2) Age\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;18 years old; (3) clear cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) at pre-treatment (T1) and post-treatment (T2). Exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) The maxillary or mandibular anterior teeth previously had restoration and root canal treatment; (2) Patients with previous orthodontic treatment history; (3) Interproximal enamel reduction during orthodontic treatment; (4) History of trauma or surgery in the anterior teeth region before or during treatment. Finally, 281 patients (186 non-extraction [NE] patients, 59 patients with two-premolar-extraction [TPE] in both maxilla and mandible and 36 patients with TPE in maxilla and one-lower-incisor-extraction [OLIE] in mandible) were selected from the original records. These total subjects (mean age, 31.5 years; range, 18\u0026ndash;45 years) were included with a similar constituent ratio of sexes. The protocol for this study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Stomatological Hospital of the Air Force Military Medical University (IRB - REV \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;2022130).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCBCT (KaVo 3D eXam, 120 kV, 5 mA, voxel size of 0.3 mm and 9.6-second scan time) data were obtained at T1 and T2. The DICOM data from the CBCT scan was uploaded into Dolphin Imaging version 11.9 (Chatsworth, Calif) for storage and interpretation. Reconstruction was performed so that the long axis of each tooth/root became perpendicular to its axial slices. Automatic reconstruction of image slices was perpendicular to axial slices. This results in optimal visualization of the alveolar crest (AC) relative to the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) in axial, coronal and sagittal views, as previously mentioned [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e]. Using the axial view, two reference lines were placed: one between the CEJs on the labial and palatal/lingual surfaces, and one between the CEJs on the mesial and distal surfaces. Parallel to these, additional lines were placed at the AC on the labial, palatal/lingual, mesial and distal sites [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e]. Bone height was defined as the vertical distance from the reference line to the top of the AC on the labial, palatal/lingual, mesial and distal surfaces (Supplementary Fig.\u0026nbsp;1). The thickness of the labial alveolar bone was measured at apex sites and sites located 3 mm, 6 mm and 9 mm away from the reference line on the buccal and lingual surfaces (Supplementary Fig.\u0026nbsp;2). Root length (RL) was measured in the sagittal views; ICP-AC was measured in the coronal views (Supplementary Fig.\u0026nbsp;3). The patient radiographs were measured twice over a two-month period by a single author (Zhang).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStatistical analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe inter-rater reliability of the measurements was assessed using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), which yielded a value of 0.88. Normality of the data was evaluated using the Shapiro-Wilk test. For normally distributed data, T-tests and one-way ANOVA were employed to identify statistically significant differences, whereas the Mann-Whitney \u003cem\u003eU\u003c/em\u003e test and Kruskal-Wallis \u003cem\u003eH\u003c/em\u003e test were utilized for non-normally distributed data. Post-hoc analyses were conducted using Turkey's \u003cem\u003eHSD\u003c/em\u003e test or Dunn's test when multiple comparisons were performed. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS software, version 24.0 (IBM), and figures were created with GraphPad Prism, version 8.0.2 (GraphPad Software). All statistical tests were two-tailed, and a P-value of less than 0.05 was set as the threshold for statistical significance.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003eA descriptive comparison of maxillary anterior teeth in different tooth extraction types was given in Table\u0026nbsp;1. As for the alveolar bone height in NE and TPE individuals, the LIAC-CEJ at T2 were 1.48\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.74 mm and 2.83\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.48 mm in central incisors, 1.76\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.13 mm and 3.08\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.44 mm in lateral incisors, and 1.99\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.22 mm and 2.87\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.64 mm in canines respectively (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01), while the same trend was seen in the ΔLIAC-CEJ (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). The value of LIAC-CEJ at T2 in TPE individuals were all \u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;2mm. As for the change of alveolar bone thickness, a significantly smaller thickness in labial sites (ΔLAABT-3 [0.03\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.36 mm] and ΔLAABT-6 [-0.01\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.45 mm] in central incisors; ΔLAABT-3 [-0.07\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.31 mm], ΔLAABT-9 [-0.02\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.43 mm] and ΔLAABT-apex [0.00\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.80 mm] in canines) and larger thickness in lingual sites (ΔLIABT-3 [-0.11\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.67 mm] and ΔLIABT-6 [0.01\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.15 mm] in central incisors) were measured in NE patients compared with TPE individuals (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05, Table\u0026nbsp;1). The ΔLABT-apex (1.65\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.75 mm) in canines was significantly increased compared to NE patients (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). For ICP-AC, TPE individuals show a statistically significant increase trend compared to the NE patients after treatment (ΔICP-AC [0.85\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.37 mm] and ICP-AC at T2 [5.82\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.14 mm] in central incisors; ΔICP-AC [1.15\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.02 mm] in lateral incisors; P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). Overall, in the labial-lingual direction: TPE individuals show an increasing trend in the height and thickness of the labial alveolar bone compared to NE patients, while the height and thickness of the lingual alveolar bone show a decreasing trend. In the mesial-distal direction: TPE patients exhibit an increasing trend in ICP-AC after treatment compared to NE patients.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA descriptive comparison of mandibular anterior teeth in different tooth extraction types was given in Table\u0026nbsp;2. As for the alveolar bone height, the ΔLIAC-CEJ in central incisors was 0.26\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.38 mm, 1.07\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.57 mm and \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;0.02\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.58 mm among the three groups respectively (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05); the ΔLIAC-CEJ in lateral incisors was \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.50 mm, 0.93\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.64 mm and 0.99\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.09 mm respectively (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). The LIAC-CEJ at T2 in central incisors was 2.70\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.57 mm, 3.62\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.96 mm and 3.17\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.18 mm respectively (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05); LIAC-CEJ at T2 in lateral incisors was 2.44\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.26 mm, 3.12\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.50 mm and 3.23\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.02 mm respectively (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). Similar as maxilla, the labial alveolar bone thickness in TPE group were higher than that in the NE group: ΔLAABT-6 (0.19\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.49 mm) in central incisors, ΔLAABT-6 (0.33\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.59 mm) and ΔLAABT-9 (0.67\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.80 mm) in canines (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05); the lingual alveolar bone thickness in TPE group were smaller than that in the NE group: ΔLIABT-6 (-0.50\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.72 mm) in lateral incisors, ΔLIABT-3 (-0.45\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.75 mm) and ΔLIABT-6 (-0.68\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.79 mm) in canines (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). Differences were also observed in the level of ΔLABT-3 (0.02\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.58 mm and \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;0.41\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.77 mm, respectively) and ΔLABT-6 (-0.03\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.71 mm and \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;0.43\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.89mm, respectively) between NE and TPE groups (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). In terms of mesiodistal alveolar bone height, ICP-AC at T2 in NE patients (5.12\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.40 mm in central incisors, 1.12\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.12 mm in lateral incisors and 4.58\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.06 mm in canines) was lower than that in other two groups (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). Interestingly, the highest value of DAC-CEJ at T2 was observed in the OLIE groups: 3.04\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.71 mm in central incisors and 2.20\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.85 mm in canines. The lowest value of ΔMAC-CEJ was observed in the NE groups: 0.14\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.60 mm in central incisors. Importantly, we also found that root resorption of canines in NE patients (0.08\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.02 mm) was less than that in TPEs (-0.51\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.65 mm) and OLIEs (-0.64\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.18 mm) (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). In short, the index values in the labial-lingual direction of TPEs and NEs showed a similar trend as in the maxilla. In the mesial-distal direction: NE patients showed the lowest value in ICP-AC after treatment compared to TPEs and OLIEs, while OLIE groups showed the highest value of DAC-CEJ at T2 compared to NEs and TPEs.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFigure \u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e visually illustrated the change of LIAC-CEJ in maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth. Compared to extraction patients, NE patients exhibited minimal changes in the ΔLIAC-CEJ, and the LIAC-CEJ at T2 in maxillary anterior teeth did not exceed the 2 mm threshold. However, in TPEs, the LIAC-CEJ at T2 in both maxilla and mandible almost exceeded 2 mm. The loss of LIAC-CEJ in the mandibular anterior teeth is generally greater than that in maxillary anterior teeth. In OLIE patients, even with minimal sagittal movement of the mandibular anterior teeth, there was still considerable LIAC-CEJ loss after treatment. Figure\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e showed the change of ICP-AC in maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth. Compared to extraction patients, NE patients also exhibited minimal changes of ΔICP-AC and ICP-AC at T2, while the OLIEs showed the highest values in ICP-AC at T2.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe ΔMAC-CEJ, ΔDAC-CEJ, ΔLAAC-CEJ and ΔLIAC-CEJ increased in nearly all groups after treatment (Table\u0026nbsp;1 and Table\u0026nbsp;2). Loss of alveolar bone height or thickness is common after orthodontic treatment [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e]. The reparative capacity of the alveolar bone and the amount of bone regeneration could occur during the retention phase [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e]. Scholars found that bone density decrease may recover approximately two years after the completion of treatment in extraction cases, and the potential for complete resolution of the bone defect in the presence of reduced, but healthy, periodontal tissues [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThere were more loss of lingual bone height in TPE patients (LIAC-CEJ at T2\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;2mm) compared with NE groups; Meanwhile, smaller lingual bone thickness were measured in TPEs than NEs (Table\u0026nbsp;1, Table\u0026nbsp;2 and Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e) Indeed, previous studies found that in TPE patients, alveolar bone height may lose after anterior teeth retraction, but lingual thickness loss was the main problem [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR21\" citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e], which was significantly correlated with the amount of anterior tooth retraction, particularly at the cervical region [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR24\" citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e]. Bone or soft tissue augmentations are mostly performed on the labial or buccal side, which are not easy to be conducted on lingual side [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e]; meanwhile, lingual bone dehiscence was not easily been detected and treated but poses a significant health risk to patients. Additionally, our results showed that although less than tooth-extraction patients, NE patients also showed generally bone loss after CAT (Table\u0026nbsp;1 and Table\u0026nbsp;2). Excessive bodily advancement or proclination of the anterior teeth for the purpose of overly pursuing non-extraction treatments in borderline cases could do harm to periodontal tissues, and then render the periodontal tissue less resistant to the external environment, especially in the presence of specific triggering factors, such as traumatic toothbrushing and plaque-induced inflammation [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e]. Orthodontists should pay particular attention to the critical remodeling of alveolar bone during OTM.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDifferent extraction types could correspond to varying degrees of tissue remodeling, thus, the bone loss can vary significantly [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e]. Except for lingual bone height, bone height in the coronal plane (ΔMAC-CEJ in mandibular central incisors and DAC-CEJ at T2 in mandibular central incisors and canines) also showed significant differences among NE cases and tooth-extraction cases of bone loss. Also, there was almost no difference in the root resorption of anterior teeth among NE cases and tooth-extraction cases (Table\u0026nbsp;2). These data should be interpreted with caution. Tissue loss may be the side effect of specific types of malocclusion orthodontic extraction. The difference in bone loss was almost all along the direction of tooth movement, because the alveolar bone under compression undergoes more resorption than the tension [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e]. The mesiodistal bone loss may be because extraction cases involve more mesiodistal movement of anterior teeth than NE cases (such as midline correction and tooth rotation adjustments), with the OLIE patients being the most notable. The morphology of the alveolar bone has always been the limiting factor for the range of tooth movement. Therefore, tissue loss should not be solely attributed to the choice of treatment alternatives, instead, the patient's individual susceptibility and iatrogenic factors during the treatment (i.e., adverse forces and excessive tooth movement) may be the key contributors.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe opposing trend were found in bone thickness of 3mm and 9mm away from CEJ in mandibular incisors in TPEs (Table\u0026nbsp;1 and Table\u0026nbsp;2). The least predictable movements were torque in clear aligners, especially in mandible incisors [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e], and central incisors showed greater lingual crown torque than predicted in TPE cases [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e]. However, the presence of power ridges, 2-weekly wearing protocols, and intrusion or labial torque overcorrection cannot fully counteract the lingual crown torque effect during the retraction of anterior teeth [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e35\u003c/span\u003e]. Combined with our results, first, CBCT integration into ClinCheck\u0026reg; is crucial, and the torque expression with CBCT was always higher than that without CBCT [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e36\u003c/span\u003e]; Second, the design of retraction should be divided into alternating stages of overcorrection and space closure [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e37\u003c/span\u003e], which could prevent or promptly correct torque loss throughout the treatment; Third, an increased number of prescribed aligners appeared to increase the accuracy of torque expression [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e], multiple restarts of the clear aligner treatment plan could be helpful.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eResearchers found that if the ICP-AC distance is less than 5 mm, the OGE almost never appears; when the ICP-AC distance reaches 6 mm, the occurrence rate of OGE increases to 44%; when the ICP-AC distance increases to 7 mm or more, the occurrence rate increases to 73% or higher [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e38\u003c/span\u003e]. Our results showed that extraction could be associated with the increase of ICP-AC, while the OLIEs showed the highest values of ICP-AC at T2 (\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;6mm) (Table\u0026nbsp;1, Table\u0026nbsp;2 and Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). Researchers found that the ICP-AC distance in maxillary incisors with OGE (5.51 mm) was higher than that in mandibular incisors (5.85 mm) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e39\u003c/span\u003e], which was consistent with our results (Table\u0026nbsp;1, Table\u0026nbsp;2 and Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). In addition to hard bone tissue, soft tissue may play a more important role in OGE. OGE is common after the extraction of a mandibular incisor [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e], and OLIEs may be more crowded and overlapping incisors compared to the other two groups. The gingival papilla in the interproximal spaces of overlapped incisors exhibits poor development before orthodontic treatment, appearing narrow and elongated. As teeth are aligned, the width of the interproximal spaces increases, causing the gingival fibers in these areas to stretch, and the height of the gingival papilla decreases [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR41\" citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e40\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e42\u003c/span\u003e]. When considering the limit of gingival remodeling and compression/stretching along the direction of tooth movement, a compromise in the final ideal position of the teeth can be considered, or a step-by-step approach can be taken to achieve the ultimate design goal. The benefits of achieving the ideal position of teeth should therefore be considered in light of the potential risks of OGE [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWe also highlighted an increased distance of the ΔLABT-apex of canines in TPE cases (Table\u0026nbsp;1 and Table\u0026nbsp;2). This reflected the widening of the alveolar bone morphology as the canines are distalized into the region of the first premolars in TPE patients. However, the ΔLABT-3 and ΔLABT-6 of mandibular canines decreased significantly in TPE cases compared to NE cases (Table\u0026nbsp;2), possibly as a result of more rotation and crowding of canines before treatment. Because root anatomical structure of oval cross-sectional anatomy, after the derotation of the tooth, the thicker sagittal bone width was required to maintain the normal bone tissue on the labial-palatal/lingual sides [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e43\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMore importantly, mandibular anterior teeth after therapy experience more severe bone loss compared to the maxillary anterior teeth, specifically manifested as follows (Table\u0026nbsp;1 and Table\u0026nbsp;2): First, bone height after treatment at every site in each group were all \u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;2mm in mandibular incisors; Second, in TPE groups, mandibular incisors were more prone to lose torque control and mandibular canines had a risk of tissue loss after distalization; Third, the value of ICP-AC at T2 in mandible was larger than that in maxilla. This difference may be due to the thin anatomical structure of the mandibular bone [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR44\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e44\u003c/span\u003e]. Previous studies suggest the establishment of virtual biomechanical stimulation and smart design for each tooth during different movement stages should be presented personalized, which is challenging in the short term [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR45\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e45\u003c/span\u003e]. However, the mechanical properties of the aligner material, the thickness or the shape of aligner membrane and the amount of movement can be firstly differentiated based on anatomical differences and biomechanics between the maxilla and mandible.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eLimitations\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe limitation of this study is that data analysis was performed on CBCT images taken immediately after treatment. Therefore, a detailed long-term study is necessary to ascertain whether the consequences of tissue loss heal spontaneously over time. Due to the limitations of retrospective data collection, we were unable to obtain more information on patient tooth movement for further analysis.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eWithin the limitations of this study, it was concluded that\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlveolar bone loss is common after CAT, and different tooth extraction types could be associated with different degree of bone loss along the direction of tooth movement. However, the choice of treatment alternatives may be not the key contributor to bone loss, but the iatrogenic factors (i.e., adverse forces and excessive tooth movement) during the treatment.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eDespite numerous studies and applications aimed at preventing torque loss and lingual bone dehiscence during anterior teeth retraction in TPE patients, clinical outcomes observed in large sample sizes have been suboptimal. The problem will remain a long-term challenge for orthodontists and will require ongoing exploration.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eExtraction could be associated with the increase of ICP-AC, while the OLIEs showed the most severe loss among all groups, which may increase the risk of OGE.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eThere were more severe tissue loss around mandibular anterior teeth after treatment compared to maxillary anterior teeth. Different design concepts, tooth movement, and material properties could be firstly applied separately to the maxilla and mandible.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/ul\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003cp\u003eABH: Alveolar bone height\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eABT: Alveolar bone thickness \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAC: Alveolar crest\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCAs: Clear aligners\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCAT: Clear aligner therapy\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCBCT: Cone beam computed tomography\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCEJ: Relative to the cementoenamel junction\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eICC: Intraclass Correlation Coefficient\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOIIRR: Orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRL: Root length\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Institutional Review Board of the Stomatological Hospital of the Air Force Military Medical University has formally approved this project.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for participate\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study was supported by grants LCB202202 from National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, grants CSA-02022-01 from CSA Clinical Research Fund, grants A2023-13 from China Oral Health Foundation and grants LX2022-401 from New Technologies and New Business of School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University Fund, grants 82101051 from National Natural Science Foundation of China, grants C-YKT202215 from Teaching research topic of \"First-class Graduate Education Plan\", Air Force Medical University Fund, grants 2024LC2426 from Air Force Medical University Clinical Research Program.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAuthor Contribution\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eY. Z., X. L., H. L. carried out the data collection of the study. Y. Z., X. L., H. L. performed the measurements and drafted the manuscript. X. W. and X. L. gave statistical analysis guidance. Y. Z., W. Q., J. G. and X. W. participated in the classification of open gingival embrasures. Y. Z., X. Y., J. G. gave study concept and design. All authors gave final approval and agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAvailability of data and materials\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe raw data is present in our university clinic.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGao M, Yan X, Zhao R, Shan Y, Chen Y, Jian F, et al. Comparison of pain perception, anxiety, and impacts on oral health-related quality of life between patients receiving clear aligners and fixed appliances during the initial stage of orthodontic treatment. 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A cone-beam computed tomographic study evaluating the efficacy of incisor movement with clear aligners: Assessment of incisor pure tipping, controlled tipping, translation, and torque. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2021;159:635-43.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRajan N, Weir T, Meade MJ. Efficacy of planned moderate to severe torque changes in mandibular central incisors with an initial series of Invisalign aligners: a retrospective cohort study. Angle Orthod. 2024.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDai FF, Xu TM, Shu G. Comparison of achieved and predicted tooth movement of maxillary first molars and central incisors: First premolar extraction treatment with Invisalign. Angle Orthod. 2019;89:679-87.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHong YY, Zhou MQ, Cai CY, Han J, Ning N, Kang T, et al. Efficacy of upper-incisor torque control with clear aligners: a retrospective study using cone-beam computed tomography. Clin Oral Investig. 2023;27:3863-73.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eZhu Y, Hu W, Li S. Force changes associated with differential activation of en-masse retraction and/or intrusion with clear aligners. Korean J Orthod. 2021;51:32-42.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQueir\u0026oacute;s C, Gon\u0026ccedil;alves M, Ferreira S, de Castro I, Azevedo R, Pinho T. Comparison of Upper Central Incisor Torque in the ClinCheck\u0026reg; with and without CBCT Integration: A Cross-Sectional Study. Dent J (Basel). 2024;12.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWang YG, Zhu GY, Liu JQ, Wang YF, Zhao ZH. Dynamic biomechanical changes of clear aligners during extraction space closure: Finite element analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2024;165:272-84.e3.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTarnow DP, Magner AW, Fletcher P. The effect of the distance from the contact point to the crest of bone on the presence or absence of the interproximal dental papilla. J Periodontol. 1992;63:995-6.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAn SS, Choi YJ, Kim JY, Chung CJ, Kim KH. Risk factors associated with open gingival embrasures after orthodontic treatment. Angle Orthod. 2018;88:267-74.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEdwards JG. The diastema, the frenum, the frenectomy: a clinical study. Am J Orthod. 1977;71:489-508.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAtherton JD. The gingival response to orthodontic tooth movement. Am J Orthod. 1970;58:179-86.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBurke S, Burch JG, Tetz JA. Incidence and size of pretreatment overlap and posttreatment gingival embrasure space between maxillary central incisors. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1994;105:506-11.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWehrbein H, Bauer W, Diedrich P. Mandibular incisors, alveolar bone, and symphysis after orthodontic treatment. A retrospective study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1996;110:239-46.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFoosiri P, Mahatumarat K, Panmekiate S. Relationship between mandibular symphysis dimensions and mandibular anterior alveolar bone thickness as assessed with cone-beam computed tomography. Dental Press J Orthod. 2018;23:54-62.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLyu X, Cao X, Yan J, Zeng R, Tan J. Biomechanical effects of clear aligners with different thicknesses and gingival-margin morphology for appliance design optimization. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2023;164:239-52.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Tables","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 1. Tooth and alveolar bone morphology among maxillary anterior teeth in different tooth extraction patients.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 28px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCentral incisor\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 24px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLateral incisor\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 24px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCanine\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNE (n=186)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTPE (n=95)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003evalue\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNE (n=186)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTPE (n=95)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003evalue\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNE (n=186)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTPE (n=95)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003evalue\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;MAC-CEJ (mm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.17\u0026plusmn;0.71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.32\u0026plusmn;0.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.302\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.20\u0026plusmn;0.51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.38\u0026plusmn;0.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.097\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.11\u0026plusmn;0.60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.17\u0026plusmn;0.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.658\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;DAC-CEJ (mm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00\u0026plusmn;0.63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.06\u0026plusmn;0.52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.594\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.13\u0026plusmn;0.57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.19\u0026plusmn;0.54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.606\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.05\u0026plusmn;0.55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.03\u0026plusmn;1.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.899\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;LAAC-CEJ (mm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.04\u0026plusmn;1.29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.07\u0026plusmn;0.71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.895\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.32\u0026plusmn;1.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.09\u0026plusmn;1.64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.455\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.68\u0026plusmn;3.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.06\u0026plusmn;1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.230\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;LIAC-CEJ (mm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.09\u0026plusmn;0.71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.87\u0026plusmn;0.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.007**\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.43\u0026plusmn;1.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.63\u0026plusmn;1.66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.006**\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.43\u0026plusmn;1.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.97\u0026plusmn;1.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.038*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMAC-CEJ at T2 (mm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.93\u0026plusmn;0.88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.90\u0026plusmn;0.71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.799\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.18\u0026plusmn;0.62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.99\u0026plusmn;0.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.093\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.94\u0026plusmn;0.74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.87\u0026plusmn;0.64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.598\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDAC-CEJ at T2 (mm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.92\u0026plusmn;0.71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.93\u0026plusmn;0.56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.920\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.31\u0026plusmn;0.63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.21\u0026plusmn;0.56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.341\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.11\u0026plusmn;0.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.99\u0026plusmn;0.84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.398\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLAAC-CEJ at T2 (mm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.12\u0026plusmn;1.62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.82\u0026plusmn;0.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.234\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.66\u0026plusmn;1.61\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.58\u0026plusmn;1.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.758\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.02\u0026plusmn;3.29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.49\u0026plusmn;0.98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.154\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLIAC-CEJ at T2 (mm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.48\u0026plusmn;1.74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.83\u0026plusmn;1.48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.001**\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.76\u0026plusmn;2.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.08\u0026plusmn;2.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.001**\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.99\u0026plusmn;1.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.87\u0026plusmn;1.64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.002**\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;LAABT-3 (mm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.03\u0026plusmn;0.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.26\u0026plusmn;0.57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.017*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00\u0026plusmn;0.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.04\u0026plusmn;0.59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.683\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.07\u0026plusmn;0.31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.08\u0026plusmn;0.35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.016*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;LAABT-6 (mm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.01\u0026plusmn;0.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.24\u0026plusmn;0.52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.004**\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.10\u0026plusmn;0.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.14\u0026plusmn;0.48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.600\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.05\u0026plusmn;0.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.05\u0026plusmn;0.57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.287\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;LAABT-9 (mm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.04\u0026plusmn;0.63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.27\u0026plusmn;0.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.079\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.11\u0026plusmn;0.49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.27\u0026plusmn;0.99\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.326\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.02\u0026plusmn;0.43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.20\u0026plusmn;0.60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.043*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;LAABT-apex (mm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.16\u0026plusmn;0.88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.36\u0026plusmn;1.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.232\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.07\u0026plusmn;0.88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.38\u0026plusmn;1.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.092\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00\u0026plusmn;0.80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.33\u0026plusmn;1.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.047*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;LIABT-3 (mm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.11\u0026plusmn;0.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.45\u0026plusmn;0.52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.004**\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.16\u0026plusmn;0.52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.32\u0026plusmn;0.64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.121\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.15\u0026plusmn;0.61\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.30\u0026plusmn;0.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.197\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;LIABT-6 (mm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.01\u0026plusmn;1.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.54\u0026plusmn;1.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.008**\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.19\u0026plusmn;0.83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.25\u0026plusmn;1.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.812\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.19\u0026plusmn;0.88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.44\u0026plusmn;0.90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.131\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;LIABT-9 (mm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.09\u0026plusmn;1.94\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.76\u0026plusmn;2.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.086\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.23\u0026plusmn;1.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.15\u0026plusmn;2.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.830\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.37\u0026plusmn;1.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.72\u0026plusmn;2.63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.295\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;LABT-3 (mm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.03\u0026plusmn;0.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.12\u0026plusmn;0.70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.422\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.10\u0026plusmn;0.55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.28\u0026plusmn;0.64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.108\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.31\u0026plusmn;1.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.09\u0026plusmn;1.61\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.144\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;LABT-6 (mm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.02\u0026plusmn;0.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.17\u0026plusmn;0.83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.193\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.05\u0026plusmn;0.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.22\u0026plusmn;1.29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.413\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.38\u0026plusmn;1.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.01\u0026plusmn;1.88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.217\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;LABT-9 (mm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.13\u0026plusmn;1.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.35\u0026plusmn;1.95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.093\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.12\u0026plusmn;0.90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.15\u0026plusmn;2.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.940\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.19\u0026plusmn;6.55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.12\u0026plusmn;2.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.947\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;LABT-apex (mm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.19\u0026plusmn;1.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00\u0026plusmn;1.56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.422\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.08\u0026plusmn;0.97\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.33\u0026plusmn;2.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.226\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.49\u0026plusmn;5.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.65\u0026plusmn;4.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.016*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;RL (mm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.34\u0026plusmn;0.72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.59\u0026plusmn;0.86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.073\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.02\u0026plusmn;0.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.34\u0026plusmn;1.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.088\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.03\u0026plusmn;1.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.36\u0026plusmn;1.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.170\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;ICP-AC (mm)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.20\u0026plusmn;0.96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.85\u0026plusmn;1.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.003**\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.37\u0026plusmn;1.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.15\u0026plusmn;1.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.001**\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.18\u0026plusmn;1.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.61\u0026plusmn;0.97\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.080\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eICP-AC at T2 (mm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.13\u0026plusmn;1.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.82\u0026plusmn;1.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.022*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.69\u0026plusmn;0.95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.80\u0026plusmn;0.97\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.562\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.53\u0026plusmn;1.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.80\u0026plusmn;0.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.239\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eT1, before treatment; T2, after treatment; \u0026Delta;, T2-T1; CEJ, cementoenamel junction; AC, alveolar crest; MAC/DAC/LAAC/LIAC-CEJ, distance from mesial/distal/labial/ lingual AC to CEJ; LAABT/LIABT-3/6/9, labial/lingual alveolar bone thickness 3/6/9mm away from CEJ; LAABT-apex, labial alveolar bone thickness of apex; LABT-3/6/9, horizontal alveolar bone thickness 3/6/9mm away from CEJ; LABT-apex, horizontal alveolar bone thickness of apex; RL, root length; ICP-AC, distance from interproximal contact point to AC; RCEJ-LCEJ, distance from right CEJ to left CEJ.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e* P \u0026lt; 0.05, ** P \u0026lt; 0.01.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 2. Tooth and alveolar bone morphology measurements among mandibular anterior teeth in different tooth extraction patients.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" style=\"width: 31px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCentral incisor\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLateral incisor\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 2px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 3px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCanine\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNE (n=186)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTPE (n=59)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOLIE (n=36)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003evalue\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNE (n=186)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTPE (n=59)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOLIE (n=36)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003evalue\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNE (n=186)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTPE (n=59)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOLIE (n=36)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003evalue\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;MAC-CEJ (mm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.14\u0026plusmn;0.60\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.52\u0026plusmn;0.80\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.84\u0026plusmn;0.37\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.019*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.10\u0026plusmn;0.53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.11\u0026plusmn;0.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.15\u0026plusmn;0.27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.960\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.11\u0026plusmn;0.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.15\u0026plusmn;1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.20\u0026plusmn;0.66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.069\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;DAC-CEJ (mm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.15\u0026plusmn;0.56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.40\u0026plusmn;0.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.02\u0026plusmn;0.83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.234\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.20\u0026plusmn;0.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.02\u0026plusmn;0.93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.05\u0026plusmn;0.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.364\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.01\u0026plusmn;0.53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.01\u0026plusmn;0.53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.08\u0026plusmn;0.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.085\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;LAAC-CEJ (mm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.98\u0026plusmn;2.32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.76\u0026plusmn;1.70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.79\u0026plusmn;2.99\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.881\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.73\u0026plusmn;2.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.95\u0026plusmn;2.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.48\u0026plusmn;0.91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.810\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.41\u0026plusmn;2.83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.29\u0026plusmn;3.32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.37\u0026plusmn;1.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.976\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;LIAC-CEJ (mm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.26\u0026plusmn;1.38\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.07\u0026plusmn;1.57\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.02\u0026plusmn;1.58\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.043*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.01\u0026plusmn;1.50\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.93\u0026plusmn;1.64\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.99\u0026plusmn;2.09\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.009**\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.39\u0026plusmn;1.19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.80\u0026plusmn;1.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.77\u0026plusmn;1.61\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.191\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMAC-CEJ at T2 (mm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.34\u0026plusmn;0.79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.44\u0026plusmn;0.83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.15\u0026plusmn;1.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.097\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.27\u0026plusmn;0.70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.31\u0026plusmn;0.89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.57\u0026plusmn;0.87\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.403\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.08\u0026plusmn;0.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.21\u0026plusmn;0.72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.45\u0026plusmn;0.95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.139\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDAC-CEJ at T2 (mm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.34\u0026plusmn;0.75\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.46\u0026plusmn;0.98\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.04\u0026plusmn;0.71\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.007**\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.12\u0026plusmn;0.79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.16\u0026plusmn;0.88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.39\u0026plusmn;0.87\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.538\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.73\u0026plusmn;0.61\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.89\u0026plusmn;0.69\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.20\u0026plusmn;0.85\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.015*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLAAC-CEJ at T2 (mm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.99\u0026plusmn;2.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.97\u0026plusmn;1.57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.68\u0026plusmn;2.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.537\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.08\u0026plusmn;2.81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.87\u0026plusmn;2.58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.68\u0026plusmn;1.89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.321\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.65\u0026plusmn;2.92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.47\u0026plusmn;2.42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.91\u0026plusmn;1.79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.063\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLIAC-CEJ at T2 (mm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.70\u0026plusmn;1.57\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.62\u0026plusmn;1.96\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.17\u0026plusmn;2.18\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.043*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.44\u0026plusmn;1.26\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.12\u0026plusmn;1.50\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.23\u0026plusmn;2.02\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.032*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.06\u0026plusmn;1.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.61\u0026plusmn;1.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.73\u0026plusmn;1.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.054\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;LAABT-3 (mm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.14\u0026plusmn;0.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.20\u0026plusmn;0.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.20\u0026plusmn;0.52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.702\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.18\u0026plusmn;0.41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.11\u0026plusmn;0.35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.02\u0026plusmn;0.23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.328\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.06\u0026plusmn;0.31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.04\u0026plusmn;0.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.20\u0026plusmn;0.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.132\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;LAABT-6 (mm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.08\u0026plusmn;0.38\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.19\u0026plusmn;0.49\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.19\u0026plusmn;0.61\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.044*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.03\u0026plusmn;0.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.16\u0026plusmn;0.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.05\u0026plusmn;0.23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.147\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.02\u0026plusmn;0.33\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.33\u0026plusmn;0.59\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.08\u0026plusmn;0.75\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.029*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;LAABT-9 (mm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.19\u0026plusmn;0.91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.07\u0026plusmn;0.83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.25\u0026plusmn;0.93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.124\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00\u0026plusmn;0.70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.30\u0026plusmn;0.97\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.18\u0026plusmn;0.60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.218\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.22\u0026plusmn;0.67\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.67\u0026plusmn;0.80\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.31\u0026plusmn;0.58\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.009**\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;LAABT-apex (mm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.08\u0026plusmn;0.98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.18\u0026plusmn;1.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.31\u0026plusmn;0.92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.233\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.38\u0026plusmn;0.95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.13\u0026plusmn;2.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.26\u0026plusmn;1.19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.804\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.75\u0026plusmn;1.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.70\u0026plusmn;1.48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.27\u0026plusmn;1.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.282\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;LIABT-3 (mm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.08\u0026plusmn;0.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.16\u0026plusmn;0.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.06\u0026plusmn;0.62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.063\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.17\u0026plusmn;0.54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.12\u0026plusmn;0.59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.04\u0026plusmn;0.51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.050\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.02\u0026plusmn;0.47\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.45\u0026plusmn;0.75\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.11\u0026plusmn;0.50\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.011*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;LIABT-6 (mm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.11\u0026plusmn;0.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.15\u0026plusmn;0.53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.08\u0026plusmn;0.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.150\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.11\u0026plusmn;0.67\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.50\u0026plusmn;0.72\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.10\u0026plusmn;0.65\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.001**\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.14\u0026plusmn;0.70\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.68\u0026plusmn;0.79\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.38\u0026plusmn;0.61\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.002**\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;LIABT-9 (mm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.01\u0026plusmn;1.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.06\u0026plusmn;0.63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.15\u0026plusmn;1.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.797\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.20\u0026plusmn;0.87\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.42\u0026plusmn;0.84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.04\u0026plusmn;0.39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.189\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.33\u0026plusmn;0.74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.71\u0026plusmn;0.79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.47\u0026plusmn;0.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.053\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;LABT-3 (mm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.02\u0026plusmn;0.42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.17\u0026plusmn;0.49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.03\u0026plusmn;0.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.128\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.08\u0026plusmn;0.58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.25\u0026plusmn;0.71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.02\u0026plusmn;0.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.060\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.02\u0026plusmn;0.58\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.41\u0026plusmn;0.77\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.26\u0026plusmn;0.58\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.004**\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;LABT-6 (mm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.10\u0026plusmn;0.53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.06\u0026plusmn;0.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.04\u0026plusmn;0.63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.304\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.12\u0026plusmn;0.57\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.46\u0026plusmn;0.88\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.17\u0026plusmn;0.63\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.010*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.03\u0026plusmn;0.71\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.43\u0026plusmn;0.89\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.31\u0026plusmn;0.88\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.035*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;LABT-9 (mm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.05\u0026plusmn;0.95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.05\u0026plusmn;0.55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.24\u0026plusmn;0.56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.455\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.05\u0026plusmn;0.95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.26\u0026plusmn;0.83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.05\u0026plusmn;0.56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.581\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.03\u0026plusmn;0.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.14\u0026plusmn;0.88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.17\u0026plusmn;0.66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.655\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;LABT-apex (mm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.09\u0026plusmn;1.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.03\u0026plusmn;0.61\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.19\u0026plusmn;0.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.529\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.08\u0026plusmn;0.57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.13\u0026plusmn;1.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.04\u0026plusmn;0.97\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.766\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.18\u0026plusmn;0.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.25\u0026plusmn;0.92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.28\u0026plusmn;1.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.073\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;RL (mm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.33\u0026plusmn;0.59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.37\u0026plusmn;0.56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.35\u0026plusmn;0.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.952\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.16\u0026plusmn;0.81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.46\u0026plusmn;1.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.50\u0026plusmn;0.63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.183\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.08\u0026plusmn;1.02\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.51\u0026plusmn;0.65\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.64\u0026plusmn;1.18\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.001**\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;ICP-AC (mm)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.47\u0026plusmn;1.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.43\u0026plusmn;1.43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.64\u0026plusmn;1.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.054\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.93\u0026plusmn;1.30\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.13\u0026plusmn;1.53\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.44\u0026plusmn;1.60\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.001**\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.39\u0026plusmn;1.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.14\u0026plusmn;1.92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.93\u0026plusmn;1.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.054\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eICP-AC at T2 (mm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.12\u0026plusmn;1.40\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.95\u0026plusmn;1.44\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.66\u0026plusmn;1.25\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.024*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.12\u0026plusmn;0.12\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.68\u0026plusmn;0.34\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.25\u0026plusmn;0.50\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt; 0.001**\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.58\u0026plusmn;1.06\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.12\u0026plusmn;0.84\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.77\u0026plusmn;0.68\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt; .001**\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eT1, before treatment; T2, after treatment; \u0026Delta;, T2-T1; CEJ, cementoenamel junction; AC, alveolar crest; MAC/DAC/LAAC/LIAC-CEJ, distance from mesial/distal/labial/ lingual AC to CEJ; LAABT/LIABT-3/6/9, labial/lingual alveolar bone thickness 3/6/9mm away from CEJ; LAABT-apex, labial alveolar bone thickness of apex; LABT-3/6/9, horizontal alveolar bone thickness 3/6/9mm away from CEJ; LABT-apex, horizontal alveolar bone thickness of apex; RL, root length; ICP-AC, distance from interproximal contact point to AC; RCEJ-LCEJ, distance from right CEJ to left CEJ.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe difference between superscript letters \u0026apos;a\u0026apos; and \u0026apos;b\u0026apos; indicates a significant difference between groups.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e* P \u0026lt; 0.05, ** P \u0026lt; 0.01.\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Clear aligner therapy (CAT), cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), tooth extraction type, bone thickness and height, root resorption, bone dehiscence, open gingival embrasure","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6083541/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6083541/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumerous studies and applications are aimed at preventing tissue loss and tooth control in severe cases, but there has yet to be a large-scale sample analysis of the current clinical outcomes of clear aligner therapy (CAT). The aim of this retrospective study is to conduct the overall evaluation of alveolar bone and tooth root dimension changes in anterior teeth among different tooth extraction cases undergoing CAT, and provide available information for clinical guidance use in CAT.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethods\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e281 patients (186 non-extraction [NE] patients, 59 patients with two-premolar-extraction [TPE] in both maxilla and mandible and 36 patients with TPE in maxilla and one-lower-incisor-extraction [OLIE] in mandible) were selected from the records in recent 3 years. The dentoalveolar quantitative changes were analyzed using pre- (T1) and post-treatment (T2) computed tomography (CBCT). The measured parameters included alveolar bone height (ABH), alveolar bone thickness (ABT), and root length in anterior teeth among different tooth extraction cases.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlveolar bone height loss is common in all groups after CAT. Compared with NEs, TPE patients showed more risk of lingual bone dehiscence and torque loss (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05), while OLIE groups showed more risk of open gingival embrasures (OGE) (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). More severe loss in mandibular anterior teeth were found compared to maxillary anterior teeth (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05).\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusion\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eDifferent tooth extraction types could lead to different degrees of bone loss along the direction of tooth movement, and orthodontists should adopt more cautious measures in mandibular anterior teeth. Even with numerous experimental studies for improving techniques and design in CAT, tooth control and complication prevention in extraction cases are still challenging for orthodontists.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Current Clear Aligners Under Scrutiny: Balancing the treatment alternatives choice and tissue loss","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-03-12 09:52:17","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6083541/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"b62f16a6-0eb3-46b2-b6e0-eb97f95c3db2","owner":[],"postedDate":"March 12th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-03-12T09:52:19+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-03-12 09:52:17","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6083541","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6083541","identity":"rs-6083541","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}