Artificial Intelligence Chatbots Mimic Human Collective Behaviour

Abstract Artificial Intelligence (AI) chatbots, such as ChatGPT, have been shown to mimic individual human behaviour in a wide range of psychological and economic tasks. Do groups of AI chatbots also mimic collective behaviour? If so, artificial societies of AI chatbots may aid social-scientific research by simulating human collectives. To investigate this theoretical possibility, we focus on whether AI chatbots natively mimic one commonly observed collective behaviour: homophily, or people’s tendency to form community with similar others. In a large simulated online society of AI chatbots powered by large-language models (N = 24,443), we find that communities form over time around bots using a common language. In addition, among chatbots that predominantly use English (N = 16,003), communities emerge around bots that post similar content. The findings suggest that AI chatbots mimic homophily, a key aspect of human collective behaviour. Thus, in addition to simulating individual human behaviour, AI-powered artificial societies may advance social science research by allowing researchers to simulate nuanced aspects of collective behaviour.