Novel Cu-II Complexes of 2-Hydroxy 4-Methoxy Benzylidene 2-Hydroxy Benzhydrazide: Synthesis, Spectral Characterization, Thermal, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Catalytic activity Study

Novel Cu-II Complexes of 2-Hydroxy 4-Methoxy Benzylidene 2-Hydroxy Benzhydrazide: Synthesis, Spectral Characterization, Thermal, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Catalytic activity Study | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Novel Cu-II Complexes of 2-Hydroxy 4-Methoxy Benzylidene 2-Hydroxy Benzhydrazide: Synthesis, Spectral Characterization, Thermal, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Catalytic activity Study Sangeeta Korane, Babasaheb Bhosale, Amol Maruti Jadhav This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5304396/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The novel hydrazone ligand 2-hydroxy 4-methoxy benzylidene 2-hydroxy benzhydrazide [HL] was prepared by condensing 2-hydroxy benzhydrazide and 2-hydroxy 4-methoxy benzaldehyde in methanol solvent. The Cu-II complexes [Cu(HL)(NO 3 )].1/3H 2 O (1a), [{Cu (HL)} 2 (μ-SO 4 )].1 2 / 3 H 2 O(2a), [Cu(HL)(H 2 O) Cl](3a) were synthesized by refluxing Cu-II salts CuNO 3 .3H 2 O CuSO 4 .5H 2 O and CuCl 2 .2H 2 O with methanol solution of [HL] and characterized by spectral techniques (FT-IR, 1 H-NMR, 13 C–NMR,UV-Visible, PXRD study).The complexes are further characterized by thermo gravimetric(TG)analysis, molar conductivity, elemental analysis and magnetic susceptibility measurement study. FT-IR spectra provides valuable information about different coordination sites. UV-Visible spectroscopy reflect LMCT bands from 242718- 261780 cm -1 and d-d bands in the range of 143884-156250 cm -1 in addition to n-π*and π -π*transition in all complexes. Square planar to square pyramidal geometry was proposed for all complexes as illustrated in magnetic, electronic and spectroscopic data. X-ray powder diffraction analysis reveals crystalline nature for all complexes. The experimental results of TGA analysis are in good agreement with spectroscopic data of complexes. A comparison of spectroscopic and physicochemical data are very useful in creating correct assignments and understanding of structure of complex. The ligand act as tribasic tridentate chelating through the phenolate oxygen, azomethine nitrogen and oxygen of enolate donar functionality with copper-II ion. The antibacterial potential of synthesized complex catalysts was evaluated against human pathogenic bacteria such as Bacillus subtilties , Bacillus cereus , Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas velgaris , and Staphylococcus aureus etc. Also, the Cu (II) complexes demonstrate significant antioxidant activity. The catalytic performance in alcohol oxidation using hydrogen peroxide as a green oxidant is also investigated. Transition metal complexes catalysis ligand UV-Visible spectroscopy Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Highlights The novel hydrazone Schiff base and their Cu-II complexes were synthesized. The ligand and metal complexes were confirmed by different spectral techniques. The thermal study of complexes support proposed structural geometry for synthesized metal chelates. These complexes shows potential antibacterial and antioxidant activity. These complexes also shows catalytic activity in alcohol oxidation. Introduction The coordination chemistry of hydrazones is very prominent due to their role as excellent polydentate chelating ligands proficient in forming a coordination complexes with d and f block metals in different oxidation states.[ 1 ] Hydrazones and their metal complexes array varies biological activities as antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer, antiviral, antitumor, antiparasitic and anti-inflammatory reagent.[ 2 – 8 ] When hydrazone metal complex is put in an application on host body, hydrogen bond is come in to existence in between nitrogen of azomethine and microbial cells of microbes affecting expected cellular activities. Further in metal complexes due to emergence of chelate rings, lipophilic character of metal is increased and polarity gets decreased, it breaks permeability barrier of cells influencing their usual cell processes.[ 9 ]Metal complexes of hydrazone are accepted for their pharmacological applications. Biological activities of hydrazones and their metal complexes are assessed by many researchers. Some derivatives of hydrazones are influential anticancer and antitumor agents.[10–13 ] Hydrazones are performing commanding role in analytical applications. They are demonstrated to be impressive anti-corrosion agent due to presence of N-N bonding and immine bond in their structure developing its adsorption capacity. Anticorrosion potential of some hydrazone complexes was communicated by Lagaz,H. and Khamaysa O.M.A.et.al [ 14 – 15 ] They can convey sensor, luminescence, fluorescence applications, supramolecular order, optoelectronic properties [ 16 – 20 ] and also functional in estimation of metal ions by spectrofluorometric and spectrophotometric analysis.[ 21 – 22 ] In organic chemistry novel methods, catalysts, solvents, oxidants are constantly searched for oxidation of organic molecules.[ 23 ] Several homogeneous and heterogeneous methods are reported for catalytic oxidation of alcohols [ 24 ] In pharmaceutical industry as well as in preparation of flavors and fragrances oxidation products of alcohol are very efficient[ 25 ].Hence to develop new catalytic system that works under mild condition and proceed using green oxidants like H 2 O 2 paying attention of all researchers in chemical sciences because this process is environmental friendly.[ 26 ]In several cases solvent free oxidation, microwave assisted oxidation of alcohol give better yield. [ 27 – 28 ] Copper complexes generally catalyze various oxidation reactions.[ 29 ] large number of catalysts have been reported but copper containing complexes are very active catalysts [ 30 – 31 ].So we extended our research program focusing concentration on isolation of industrially and medicinally important novel metal complexes for their biological estimation and industrial application. The present study is designed to study the segregation and inspection of Cu-II complexes of 2-hydroxy 4-methoxy benzylidene 2-hydroxy benzhydrazide. In current work, Antimicrobial and free radical scavenging activity of new synthesized complexes are determined. The Catalytic activity of new complexes is also measured in oxidation of benzyl alcohol at different reaction condition using H 2 O 2 as green oxidant. Experimental Materials and methods 2-hydroxy 4-methoxy benzaldehyde, 2-hydroxy benzhydrazide, Copper nitrate trihydrate, Copper chloride dihydrate, Copper sulphate pentahydrate and benzyl alcohol procured from spectrochem, Mumbai. The solvent methanol, acetonitrile in highly pure form purchased from loba chemicals. 1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR spectral analysis of ligand was performed in DMSO-d6 solvent on Bruker 400.13MHZ instrument. Chemical shifts are recorded in ppm with tetra methyl silane as internal standard. Bruker (ALPHA) FT-IR spectrophotometer operating within 400–4000 cm − 1 notify IR frequencies. Shimadzu UV -2100 Spectrophotometer record electronic transitions in DMF solvent. LC/MS spectra of ligands and complexes were measured on AB Sciex 3200 Q Trap model in 10% DMSO solution in isopropanol and water. TGA analysis of all complexes were performed with universal TA instrument, USA (SDT Q600). The CHN elemental analysis was performed using vario EL III CHNS elemental analyzer at the SAIF Kochi, India. Metal content in complexes can be determined gravimetrically. PXRD Study is carried out by D-8 Bruker AXS diffractometer using CuKᾳ radiation (λ = 1.54A0). Catalytic activity was measured by treating oxidized product with 2, 4 DNP reagent and taking weight of produced precipitate. Antibacterial activity was determined with the help of agar diffusion method and antioxidant activity was recorded using DPPH scavenging assay. All synthetic work was performed in air free atmosphere. Synthesis of Ligand The investigated hydrazone (HL) 2-hydroxy 4-methoxy benzylidene 2-hydroxy benzhydrazide was synthesized using reported procedure. [ 32 ] A 1mmol methanol solution of 2-hydroxy 4-methoxy benzaldehyde (0.152 gm) and 2-hydroxy benzhydrazide (0.152 gm) were refluxed for 2 hrs in presence of 2 drops of glacial acetic acid as catalyst at room temperature. White crystals were separated. They were filtered and washed with methanol, recrystallized from DMF and dried in vacuum desiccators over CaCl 2 . Yield, 77.19%; Anal.calcd for C 15 H 14 N 2 O 4 : Calcd. C, 62.93; H, 4.92; N, 9.78.Found C, 62.40; H, 4.45; N, 9.50% ;FTIRcm − 1 (KBr pellets):3450 ν(O-H),3198ν(N-H),1629 ν(C = O),1614 ν(C = N),919 ν(N-N);LCMs, Molecular ion peak(M+):m/z,285.1; 1 HNMR,(400 MHZ,DMSO-d 6 ,δ ppm),11.89(2H,s,-OH),11.53(1H,s,-NH),8.48(1H,s,-CH = N),6.40–7.96 (m, ArH),3.73(3H,s,-OCH 3 ); 13 C NMR (100 MHZ,DMSO-d6,δ ppm) :55.52(C 7 ),101.82(C 2 ), 106.72(C 10 ), 111.79(C 4 ),116.92(C 12 ),117.77(C 6 ),119.07(C 13 )128.32(C 14 ),132.36(C 5 ),136.23(C 15 ),150.82(C 8 ),160.23(C 1 ),160.27(C 3 ), 162.66(C 11 ), 165.16(C 9 ),UV-Visible (DMF ,nm): 210,342. Synthesis of Metal Complex All metal complexes were prepared according to reported procedure [ 33 ]. During formation of each complex 1mmol hot methanol solution of ligand (0.285gm) and 1mmol methanol solution of metal salts [CuSO 4 .5H 2 O (0.249 gm), CuCl 2 .2H 2 O (0.170 gm), Cu (NO 3 ) 2 .3H 2 O (0.241gm)] were refluxed together for 4 hrs forming green colored Cu-II complexes. The solid product obtained was filtered off, washed with methanol and dried in vacuum desiccators over CaCl 2 . The physical data of ligand and complexes are represented in Table 1 . Table 1 Physical data of ligand and complexes 1a-3a Complex Molecular formula Molecular weight (gm) Colour Yield % M.P.0c Elemental analysis C H N M Molar conductance sm 2 mol − 1 HL C 15 H 14 N 2 O 4 286.28 White 77.19 270 62.40(62.93) 4.45(4.92) 9.50(9.78) - - 1a C 15 H 14 N 3 O 8 Cu 415.28 Green 74.25 ˃300 42.60(43.38) 3.15(3.39) 9.75(10.11) 14.95(15.27) 8.0 2a C 30 H 26 N 4 O 13 Cu 2 S 820.69 Green 71.70 ˃300 44.05(43.90) 3.32(3.19) 6.90(6.83) 16.05(15.46) 9.6 3a C 15 H 14 N 2 O 5 CuCl 401.28 Green 75.86 ˃300 44.25(44.89) 4.25(3.51) 7.20(6.98) 16.05(15.81) 12.5 Biological Activities Antimicrobial Potential Synthesized complexes were examined for antimicrobial property towards pathogenic microbes like Escherichia coli, Bacillus cerus, Bacillus subtilties, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas Vulgaris employing agar diffusing method. [ 34 ] 7x105cells mL -1 of respective bacterial suspension were spread across the nutrient agar medium. Agar well diffusion method was utilized to deliver the synthesized hydrazone complexes 1a, 2a, and 3a (1 mg mL -1 in DMSO) to the culture plates. Following that, wells of 0.7 cm diameters were formed and loaded with the samples. The increasing concentration (100, 200 and 400 µg/ml) of the sample were used for diffusion. Plates containing samples were kept at 4°C for a few hours in order to allow them to disperse more effectively. Further plats were placed in incubator for 24 hours at 37°C.Anti-microbial activity was determined as zone of inhibition of the drug incorporated in well after 24 hours of incubation. Antioxidant Activity Study DPPH radical scavenging potential of synthesized hydrazone complexes was determined utilizing 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals scavenging assay [ 35 ]. 1 mL of the relevant samples at varied concentration range (100–500 µg mL-1) were mixed with 2 mL of 1.0 mmol L − 1 DPPH reagent prepared in methanol. Then, reaction mixture kept in dark for the incubation at 37°C for 30 minutes. Further absorbance of the reaction mixtures was recorded at 570 nm by using spectrophotometer (UV-1800, Shimadzu, Japan). The prepared DPPH radical was used having absorbance 0.9–1.1 .The following equation was used to determine the efficiency of the sample to scavenge the DPPH free radical in %: % RSA = A control - A sample / A control × 100 A control- Absorbance of control; A sample- Absorbance of sample General Oxidation Procedure Oxidation reaction was performed in air free atmosphere at 50 0 c. During oxidation 25 ml R.B. Flask was charged with 1mmol of substrate (benzyl alcohol), 10ml CH 3 CN solvent and 2.5mg catalyst, after adding 1.5 mmol H 2 O 2 , reaction mixture was stirred for 4 hours. The oxidized products were treated with 2, 4 DNP reagent to precipitate only benzaldehyde formed. [ 36 ] This precipitate was dried at room temperature and weighed. Finally from the weight of precipitate yield was determined. Results and discussion The novel hydrazone ligand [HL] was synthesized by refluxing equimolar amount of 2-hydroxy 4-methoxy benzaldehyde and salicyl hydrazide in methanol solvent for 2 hours.(Reaction scheme 1)Synthesis of of similar type of hydrazone Schiff bases was also reported by Rahim F.et.al.[ 32 ] Three Cu-II complexes of ligand were synthesized by condensing 1mmole metal salt and ligand solution in methanol solvent. Ligand is tribasic, tridentate (i.e.enolate form) coordinate to metal through ONO donor sites. These complexes are green coloured, stable and having high melting point. These are insoluble in solvents like methanol, ethanol, benzene, chloroform etc. but soluble in DMSO and DMF solvent. Complexes shows low values of molar conductance showing non electrolyte nature of these complexes. The geometry at copper center is square planar for complex 1a and square pyramidal for complex 2a and 3a.[ 37 ] FT-IR Spectral Discussion of ligand and complexes Infrared spectra have emerged as the most useful tool for understanding ligand metal interaction. Mode of bonding was studied by comparing the IR spectra of free ligand with spectra of metal complexes. The coordination sites were designated from frequency shift of different groups in metal complexes with respect to free ligand. Prominent transitions in IR Spectra of ligand and complexes are depicted in Table 2 The free ligand (HL) reflect signal at 3450 cm − 1 for ν (O-H) group. The disappearance of this signal in all complexes indicate coordination of phenolate oxygen atom to metal center. [ 38 ],[ 39 ] This is further strengthened by the shifting of ν(C-O)phenolic frequency by 4 to13 cm − 1 in complexes from 1298 cm − 1 in ligand. The spectra of ligand revealed IR frequency at 1614 cm − 1 due to ν(C = N) vibrations this band is shifted to lower frequency and appeared at 1605, 1607,1603 cm − 1 in complexes 1a-3a respectively signifying donation of lone pair of electrons of azomethine nitrogen to metal center. This is further supported by upward shift of ν (N-N) vibrational frequency from 919 cm − 1 in ligand to 971–980 cm − 1 in complexes. A prominent Peak is observed for HL at 3198 cm − 1 due to ν(N-H) stretching vibrations and at 1629 cm − 1 for ν(C = O) vibrations respectively. The ν(N-H) and ν(C = O) vibrations are not seen in complexes and appearance of the new bands at 1250, 1262, 1233cm − 1 are attributed to the ν(C-O) (enolate) group coordinated to metal after deprotonation i.e. Carbonyl moiety is destroyed during complexation. [ 40 ],[ 41 ]The presence of bridging sulphato group in dimeric complex 2a is further detected by strong peak at 1145cm − 1 for ν(S-O) vibrations. The two bands are seen in nitrato complex 1a at 1298 cm − 1 and 1380 cm − 1 confirming the presence of coordinated nitrate group.[ 42 ]The complex 1a and 2a exhibits IR frequency band at 3451cm − 1 and 3432 cm − 1 due to lattice water molecules while chloro complex 3a shows stretching frequency at 889 cm − 1 due to coordinated water molecule.[ 41 ]It is further supported by TG analysis. Appearance of medium bands in the region 450–510 cm − 1 and 550–605 cm − 1 attributed to M-N and M-O stretching vibrations respectively.[ 43 ] Thus ligand coordinate to metal center using nitrogen of azomethine, phenolate oxygen and enolate oxygen atom respectively. Table 2 FT-IR spectral data of free ligand (HL) and its metal complexes (cm − 1 ) Compound ν (OH) ν(N-H) ν (C = N) ν (C = O)/ν(C-O)enolic ν(N-N) ν(H 2 O) lattice/ coordinated ν(M-N) ν(M-O) C 15 H 14 N 2 O 4 3450 3198 1614 1629 919 - - - C 15 H 14 N 3 O 8 Cu - - 1605 1250 965 3451 450 605 C 30 H 26 N 4 O 13 Cu 2 S - - 1607 1262 970 3432 475 599 C 15 H 14 N 2 O 5 CuCl - - 1603 1233 971 889 474 602 NMR Spectral Discussion of ligand and complexes 1 H and 13 C NMR Spectra of Ligand HL are displayed in Fig. 1 – 2 . They are recorded in DMSO solution to ascertain the molecular structure of ligand and complexes. 1 H NMR spectra of ligand HL displayed characteristic singlet peaks at 11.89 and 11.53 ppm which are attributed to the phenolic –OH and hydrazide group. The azomethine proton reflect singlet at 8.48 ppm and aromatic protons noticed as multiplets in 6.40–7.96 ppm range. The signal for methoxy protons is detected as singlet at 3.73 ppm. [ 44 ]The 13 C NMR spectra of ligand revealed 165.16 ppm chemical shift for carbonyl carbon (C 9 ). The C 11 and C 1 carbons of aromatic ring attached to hydroxyl group shows 162.66 ppm and 160.23 ppm chemical shift respectively. The chemical shift of azomethine carbon (C 8 ) are seen at 150.82 ppm.The C 3 carbon for C-OCH 3 group records 160.27 ppm chemical shift. While remaining carbons C 2 , C 4 , C 5 , C 12 , C 13 , C 14 , C 15 displayed chemical shift from 101.82-136.23 ppm in aromatic region. The methoxy carbon (C 7 ) reflect chemical shift at 55.52 ppm. [ 45 – 46 ]. 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra of complexes were not recorded due to paramagnetic nature of copper complexes.[ 47 ],[ 41 ] Mass Spectral discussion of ligand and complexes Mass spectra of complexes give an idea about presence of mononuclear/multinuclear complexes. The molecular ion peak observed in mass spectra is equivalent to molecular weight of complexes.[ 43 ] The molecular ion peak observed for ligand at 285.1(C 15 H 13 N 2 O 4 + ) exactly match with the value calculated from atomic masses (C,H,N,O).Major fragments of stable species observed for ligand are 165,136,110.9,95.Mass spectrum of nitrato complex 1a gives molecular ion peak at 413.0 m/z and base peak at 94.9 m/z. It also give prominent complex ion peak at 409.1m/z. Other stable fragments observed at 348.0 and 285.2 m/z. The chloro complex 3a give M + 2 peak at 403.0 m/z. The base peak and complex ion peak is observed at 381.9 m/z with 100% intensity. Some stable fragments recorded are 346.2 and 285.2 m/z. etc. While dimeric sulphato complex 2a shows molecular ion peak at 818.0 m/z corresponding to their molecular weights and base peak at 693.2 m/z with 100% intensity. It also give stable peak for complex ion at 789.1m/z, Other stable species observed are 408.9,48.1,285.1m/z etc. Electronic Spectral Discussion and magnetic susceptibility measurement study The electronic spectral data and magnetic moment values of metal complexes are summarized in table.3 while electronic spectra of ligand and complexes are shown by Fig. 4 Electronic spectra for ligand (HL) gives intense band at 210 nm due to n-π*transitions of non-bonding electrons of carbonyl and azomethine linkages and π-π*transitions are observed at 342 nm due to resonance in benzene ring.[ 45 ]These bands are strong due to intraligand transitions. In metal complexes these bands are displayed at 240–315 nm at new possition.[ 46 – 47 ] In copper hydrazone complexes 1a-3a, in addition to these bands ,LMCT transitions are also seen at 261740–263157 cm − 1 .[ 48 ]The broad d-d band at 156250 cm − 1 ,154798 cm − 1 and 143884 cm − 1 for nitrato (1a),sulphato (2a) and chloro(3a) complex assign 2 B 1g → 2 A 1g, 2 E g \(\:\leftarrow\:\) 2 B 1g, 2 B 1g → 2 B 2g transition corresponds to square planar and square pyramidal geometry[ 49 ],[ 50 ] It was further supported by magnetic susceptibility measurement study. Magnetic moments observed for complex 1a and 3a are 1.71 B.M. and 1.74 B.M. give support to suggested square planer and square pyramidal geometry.[ 51 ] while magnetic moments reflected by binuclear sulphato complex 2a is 1.51 B.M. indicating some metal-metal interaction.[ 42 ] Table 3 Electronic spectral assignments of ligand (HL) and copper-II complexes Compound µ effective (B.M.) Absorption Maxima(cm − 1 ) Spectral assignments C 15 H 14 N 2 O 4 (HL) - 476190 n-π* 292397 π-π* C 15 H 14 N 3 O 8 Cu (1a) 1.71 408163 n-π* 322580 π-π* 263157 LMCT 243902 LMCT 156250 d-d transition C 30 H 26 N 4 O 13 Cu 2 S (2a) 1.51 404163 n-π* 333333 π -π* 261780 LMCT 243902 LMCT 154798 d-d transition C 15 H 14 N 2 O 5 CuCl(3a) 1.74 416666 n-π* 317460 π -π* 263157 LMCT 242718 LMCT 143884 d-d transition TG Analysis of copper complexes Thermal analysis was found to be suitable for the detection of coordinated and lattice water molecules in metal Complexes. It gives information about different fragments of complex and its thermal stability. It also support the geometry structure of proposed metal chelates. Structure of compounds deduced from spectral and analytical data coincides well with results of thermal data.TG analysis is carried out in an atmosphere of N 2 from 25 0 c- 800 0 c temperature [ 42 ],[ 52 ].In copper complex 1a 1.40% (calcd. 1.44%) weight loss was observed from 25 0 c to100 0 c suggesting presence of lattice water molecule(1/3H 2 O)In second stage of decomposition 53.45% (Calcd 52.28%) of organic moiety (C 8 H 11 O 3 ) and nitrate ion were loosed rapidly in between 360.14 0 c-428.68 0 c .Thermal degradation of complex continues upto 700 0 c loosing 12.56% (calcd 12.77%) of complex moiety (C 2 N 2 H),leaving 32.60% (calcd 33.59%) of metal oxide contaminated with carbon atoms as residue at 700 0 c.[ 42 ]In copper complex 2a first weight loss of 3.90% ( calculated 3.65%) was observed in between 25 0 c-110 0 c shows the presence of lattice water molecule.( \(\:1\frac{2}{3}\) H 2 O) In next stage 57.80% (calcd 57.75%) organic part (C 21 H 17 N 2 O 5 ) and sulphate group of complex get disintegrated in temperature range 354.26 0 c-437.38 0 c.The remaining organic moiety 21.32%(C 9 H 7 N 2 O 2 ) and residue of Cu 2 O 17.42% were not decomposed upto 800 0 c suggesting metal ligand bonds are very strong.[ 42 ],[ 53 ]Presence of lattice water molecules were further supported by results of IR spectra. Complex 3a shows first stage of decomposition with weight loss of 12.15% (calcd 13.20%) from temperature range 214.72 0 c to 295.03 0 c suggesting loss of coordinated water molecule and chloro group. In second stage of decomposition 34.00%(calcd-33.66%) of ligand portion (C 7 H 5 NO 2 ) get disintegrated in between 295.03-394.39 0 c and in last stage of decomposition 29.71%(calcd-28.17%) ligand moiety(C 8 H 7 N) get disintegrated up to 780 0 c.Thus 63.71% (calcd 61.83%) ligand part disintegrated giving 22.60% (calcd 23.81%) metal oxide residue in the form of CuO 2 .[ 35 ]TG-DTA curves of copper complexes are depicted in fig-5-7 while thermo gravimetric data is represented in Table 4 Table 4 Thermogravimetric data of ligand (HL) and its metal complexes. Compound Temp.range ( 0 c) % mass loss Exptl. Calcd. Decomposition assignments C 15 H 14 N 3 O 8 Cu (1a)/[Cu (HL) (NO 3 )] . \(\:\frac{1}{3}\) H 2 O(1a) 25–100 1.40 1.44 Lattice water molecule.( \(\:\frac{1}{3}\) H 2 O ) 360–428 53.45 52.58 Organic moiety (-C 8 H 11 O 3 )and nitrate ion(-NO 3 ) 428–700 12.56 12.77 Organic moiety (-C 2 N 2 H) At 700 32.60 33.59 Metal oxide residue CuO + 5C C 30 H 26 N 4 O 13 Cu 2 S (2a)/[{Cu(HL)} 2 (μ-SO 4 )] .1 \(\:\frac{2}{3}\) H 2 O(2a) 25–110 3.90 3.65 Lattice water molecule.(1 \(\:\frac{2}{3}\) H 2 O ) 354–437 57.80 57.75 Organic moiety and sulphate ion. (-C 21 H 17 N 2 O 9 S) 437–800 - - Remaining Organic moiety(C 9 H 7 N 2 O 2 ) and Cu 2 O metal oxide residue is not decomposed up to 800 0 c C 15 H 14 N 2 O 5 CuCl(3a)/[Cu (HL) (Cl )(H 2 O)] (3a) 214–295 12.15 13.20 Coordinated chloro group and water molecule 295–394 34.00 33.66 Organic moiety (-C 7 H 5 NO 2 ) 394–780 29.71 28.17 Organic moiety (C 8 H 7 N) At 780 22.60 23.81 Metal oxide residue (CuO 2 ) Schematic thermal degradation of complex [Cu (HL) (NO 3 )]. \(\:\frac{1}{3}\) H 2 O(1a) Schematic thermal degradation of complex [{Cu (HL)} 2 (µ-SO 4 )] 1. \(\:\frac{2}{3}\) H 2 O (2a) Schematic thermal degradation of complex [Cu (HL) (Cl) (H 2 O)] (3a) X-Ray powder diffraction study Crystalline and amorphous nature of ligand (HL) and copper complexes were derived from X-ray powder diffraction study. Hydrazone ligand and copper complexes 1a-3a were examined by using powder XRD technique over 2ө range at a wavelength of 1.54A o .Crystallite size of the ligand and complexes were calculated from Scherer’s equation using the XRD line broadening method. FWHM of more intense diffraction peaks was used to calculate crystallite size with the help of Scherer’s equation d XRD =0.9 \(\:{\lambda\:}\) /FWHM cosө [ 54 – 55 ] Micrographs of hydrazone ligand and Cu-II complexes shows well defined peaks showing its crystalline nature. Particle size of ligand was found to be 51.25 nm while Cu-II complexes shows 31.33, 28.20 and 35.25 nm size respectively. Biological Activity Antimicrobial Potential To illustrate biomedical potential of produced molecules the antibacterial potency was investigated against human pathogenic microorganisms. Antimicrobial property was determined using the agar well diffusion technique on a nutrition medium in the Petri dish. Measurements were made of the zone of inhibition (mm) for every type of microbe’s species (Table 5 and Fig. 8 ) While the microbes used in this activity are pathogenic to humans, some are food pathogens ( B. cereus and E. coli ). The manufactured pharmacological molecules are effective towards all of these microbes, they might be used in product wrapping materials to inhibit pathogenic microorganisms which extend the shelf life of packed goods [ 56 ] Gram-positive bacteria such as Bacillus cereus have higher inhibitory zone than Gram -negative ( Pseudomonas vulgaris and Escherichia coli ) bacteria because they have outer lipid membrane made of polysaccharides showing more antigenic properties. Ligand shows lower activity than metal complexes suggesting coordination of metal to ligand. [ 9 ]The antibacterial potential of synthetic medicines has been linked to a number of factors. Ionization, which forms an ionic link Table 5 The antimicrobial activity of synthesized molecules was investigated utilizing the agar well diffusion method. Sr. No. Microorganisms Zone of inhibition (mm) for synthesized drug molecules (µg/ml) [Cu (HL) (NO 3 ) ]. \(\:\frac{1}{3}\) H 2 O(1a) [{Cu(HL) } 2 (μ-SO 4 )].1 \(\:\frac{2}{3}\) H 2 O(2a) [Cu (HL) (Cl )(H 2 O)] (3a) Ligand HL 1. Bacillus subtilties 16 ± 0.10 17 ± 0.51 15 ± 0.57 12 ± 0.70 2. Bacillus cereus 19 ± 0.9 20 ± 12 18 ± 0.21 14 ± 0.21 3. Escherichia coli 14 ± 0.5 15 ± 0.57 14 ± 0.7 11 ± 0.32 4. Pseudomonas velgaris 15 ± 0.53 16 ± 0.9 14 ± 0.8 10 ± 0.91 5. Staphylococcus aureus 14 ± 0.81 15 ± 0.7 14 ± 1.1 10 ± 0.35 with the negative biological membranes, is among the mechanisms evidenced in several investigation. When drug molecules interact with a microbial surface, the cell structure is damaged, allowing intracellular proteins to escape. Further, reactive groups come into contact with trenches in the membrane and cellular components are released externally. [ 57 ]Other biological processes used by pharmacological molecules to restrict microbes include endogenous ROS generation and lowered expression of cellular oxidative genes in bacteria, DNA damage, protein degradation, lipid peroxidation, and cellular hydrophilic/hydrophobic diminution also responsible for the inhibition of bacterial growth [ 58 ] Antioxidant Activity The measurement of free radical scavenging capacity requires the removal of DPPH ions with hydrogen-donating, molecules and the generation of non-radicals DPPH-H in the reaction solution. Colour intensity of the DPPH solution get changed from dark to light in response to the decrease in absorbance of the test sample demonstrated that the compound has antioxidant potential [ 59 ] In this experiment, the potential of synthetic compounds to scavenge radicals was investigated. Ability of test samples to scavenge DPPH radicals enhanced as the concentration of the samples raised. Where at lowest concentration of 100 µg, the DPPH scavenging activity of 1a is (12 ± 2%), 2a (14.66 ± 2.5%) and 3a (10 ± 1%) respectively. Scavenging activity against free radicals increases in direct proportion to concentration in the sample under investigation. At higher concentration of 500 µg, the radical scavenging activity were 1a (86.33 ± 2.51%), for 2a (90.36 ± 4.16%) and for 3a (82 ± 4.5%) percent respectively as illustrated in Fig. 9 . Catalytic Activity Copper complexes frequently shows catalytic activity in oxidation reaction.[ 37 ]Catalytic activity was measured at 50 0 c in MeCN medium using hydrogen peroxide as oxidant. Cu-II compounds (2.5mg) 1a-3a were taken in round bottom flask in presence acetonitrile (10ml) as solvent. Substrate benzyl alcohol 1mmol was added and after addition of hydrogen peroxide 1.5 mmol reaction get started. (Reaction scheme 3) We obtained 90%, 88% and 91% (Table 6 , entry1-3) yields for complexes 1a, 2a and 3a.No reaction product was observed for reaction under study in absence of catalyst and oxidant. From observed results, complex 3a is active catalyst. So different parameters like role of solvent, amount of catalyst and time was checked for complex 3a.Effect of solvent on reaction under study was observed by taking CH 3 CN, DMF and DMSO solvents and it was found that acetonitrile is better solvent for the reaction. (Table 7 , entry 3) It is medium coordinating solvent with low donar number and high dielectric constant. [ 45 ] Table 6 Catalytic activity shown by alcohol derivatives with H 2 O 2 in the presence of complex 1a-3a. Entry Complex Substrate Yield 1 1a Benzyl alcohol 90 2 2a 88 3 3a 91 Reaction condition: Solvent CH 3 CN (10ml); Complex (2.5mg); Temperature (50 0 c) ; H 2 O 2 (1.5mmol); Time 4hrs Activity of catalytic system was examined by taking different amount of catalyst. Complete conversion was observed when 2.5mg of Cu-II complex was used.(Table 7 ,entry 3) Rate of conversion was increased with increasing amount of catalyst.(Table 7 ,entry 1–4 ) The reaction under study for 3 mg of catalyst ,less reaction product is observed.(Table 7 ,entry 4) It means at high concentration over oxidation takes place converting benzaldehyde into benzoic acid and consequently the yield get decreased. We have also observed effect of time on particular oxidation reaction. If time of reaction increased yield of product get increased. We obtained 91% (Table 7 , entry 3) yield after four hours. But yield get decreased (Table 7 , entry 7) for reaction operated at five hours, suggesting over oxidation of product benzaldehyde. So choosing right amount of catalyst, solvent, time is necessary to achieve high yield in this particular catalytic reaction. Better results are observed when substrate, oxidant and catalyst are used in 1:1.5:2.5 ratio in this particular catalytic system. Oxidation of benzyl alcohol gives excellent yield like other reported catalytic systems. [ 44 ]The melting point of product (benzaldehyde 2, 4 DNP hydrazone) obtained by reacting 2,4 DNP reagent with oxidized product benzaldehyde is 250 0 c.The mechanism of oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde proceeds through formation of peroxo complex with Cu-II hydrazone complex, it is indicated from previous reports and results of catalytic activity study.[ 33 ],[ 37 ] Table 7 Catalytic activity of complex 3a at different reaction condition in benzyl alcohol oxidation. Entry Catalyst(mg) Time (hr) Temperature ( 0 c) Solvent Yield% 1 1 4 50 CH 3 CN 58 2 2 4 50 CH 3 CN 79 3 2.5 4 50 CH3CN 91 4 3 4 50 CH 3 CN 72 5 2 1 50 CH 3 CN 41 6 2 2 50 CH 3 CN 55 7 2 5 50 CH 3 CN 72 8 2 3 50 DMF Trace 9 2 3 50 DMSO Trace Conclusion Hydrazone ligand 2-hydroxy 4-methoxy benzylidene 2-hydroxy benzhydrazide and its three Cu-II complexes [Cu (HL) (NO 3 )]. \(\:\frac{1}{3}\) H 2 O (1a), [{Cu (HL)} 2 (µ-SO 4 )].1 \(\:\frac{2}{3}\) H 2 O (2a), [Cu (HL) (H 2 O) Cl] (3a) were successfully synthesized. These complexes were characterized by FT-IR, UV-Visible, 1 HNMR, 13 C NMR, LC-MS, PXRD study and thermal analysis. The antibacterial, antioxidant and catalytic activity of synthesized complexes were reported. The observed results are outlined as below. 1 .Ligand behave as tribasic, tridentate and coordinate to metal through enolate oxygen, azomethine nitrogen and phenolate oxygen. 2 .FT-IR, electronic spectra and magnetic moment data inferred square planar geometry to complex 1a and square pyramidal geometry for complexes 2a and 3a respectively. 3. Crystallite size of complexes (1a-3a) is evaluated from powder X-ray diffraction study. 4. The thermal studies of the reported complexes (1a-3a) show good accord with the proposed structure and geometry obtained from analytical and spectral data. 5. The Complex 1a and 3a are monomeric while complex 2a is dimeric in nature. 6. The antibacterial and antioxidant screening of ligand and its metal complexes shows the good potential activities. These complexes also shows catalytic activity in benzyl alcohol oxidation. Declarations Author Contribution Sangeeta Korane is lead author contributed for idea, conceptualization, data acquisition and writing the manuscript. Babasaheb Bhosale contributed for final editing of draft, and characterization. Amol Jadhav contribted for analysis, data acquisition. Acknowledgements The authors acknowledge the NMR network (Instrumentation center) in Punyashlok Ahilyadevi Holkar Solapur University, Maharashtra, India. I also thanks the Shivaji University, Kolhapur, and Maharashtra, India for giving facility of PXRD spectra. References Abu-Dief AM, El-khatib RM, El-Sayed SM, lzahrani S, Alkhatib F, Gehad El-Sarrag G, Ismael M (2021) Tailoring, structural elucidation, DFT calculation, DNA interaction and pharmaceutical applications of some aryl hydrazone Mn(II), Cu(II) and Fe(III) complexes. 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J Med Plants Res 5:217–222 Schemes Schemes 1-3 are available in the Supplementary Files section. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files suplimentryfile.docx Graphicalabstract.png Graphical abstract scheme1.png Reaction Scheme 1 Synthesis of hydrazone ligand (HL) scheme2.png Reaction scheme 2 Synthesis of Copper complexes scheme3.png Reaction scheme 3Oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde in presence of Cu-II complexes. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":58734,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eTG-DTA Curves of [Cu (HL) (NO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e)] .nH\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO (1a)\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5304396/v1/abe9d7d60fe5c2c6a3ae0c53.png"},{"id":68152200,"identity":"8757d1cb-875c-4765-8032-2da874c05efe","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-11-04 07:15:46","extension":"png","order_by":6,"title":"Figure 6","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":57949,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eTG-DTA curves of [{Cu(HL) }\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e(μ-SO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e)] .nH\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO(2a)\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5304396/v1/571efc6516a4caec4f7135b1.png"},{"id":68152202,"identity":"72f897cb-ac6b-49b9-9589-4fde60d14499","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-11-04 07:15:46","extension":"png","order_by":7,"title":"Figure 7","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":81657,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eTG-DTA curves of [Cu (HL) (Cl ) (H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO)] (3a)\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5304396/v1/1948112d0970db49fec593fb.png"},{"id":68152948,"identity":"e8d92327-f781-41a1-931c-1fffebb9f1b6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-11-04 07:23:46","extension":"png","order_by":8,"title":"Figure 8","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":375114,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eSome representative images for antibacterial potential of synthesized drug molecule against human pathogenic bacteria (\u003cem\u003eEscherichia coli, Bacillus cerus, Bacillus subtilties, Staphylococcus aureus, \u003c/em\u003eand\u003cem\u003e Pseudomonas vulgaris\u003c/em\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5304396/v1/fe31dbe739e342389b5e87d1.png"},{"id":68152945,"identity":"5bd687e4-d65e-4b66-97b9-8d1fd467fa59","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-11-04 07:23:46","extension":"png","order_by":9,"title":"Figure 9","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":157575,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eAntioxidant potential of synthetic drugs by using DPPH assay (n=3)\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"9.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5304396/v1/54736385ff89d7a4e3a01323.png"},{"id":69185022,"identity":"909b5e51-7544-499d-8f57-e0de0b0230c4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-11-17 15:08:54","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2261649,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5304396/v1/ecdaca07-52f0-4fd0-b053-9f1c8699b4da.pdf"},{"id":68153425,"identity":"1037ac84-bf87-457e-ab93-53d566bf42af","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-11-04 07:31:46","extension":"docx","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":763049,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"suplimentryfile.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5304396/v1/9c838e9124301367c684f312.docx"},{"id":68152197,"identity":"898f8139-7948-4523-846e-eabc42d85eeb","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-11-04 07:15:46","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":52872,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eGraphical abstract\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Graphicalabstract.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5304396/v1/30c6f7eee885fb0f88e82ee8.png"},{"id":68154330,"identity":"000eadeb-7fdc-43f1-b3c1-a60c4c54d6c3","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-11-04 07:39:52","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":36915,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReaction Scheme 1 \u003c/strong\u003eSynthesis of hydrazone ligand (HL)\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"scheme1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5304396/v1/f50884a46c3e6a46c1bb73c3.png"},{"id":68152206,"identity":"54fd7d1d-ed9f-4443-a014-3d6c1eea3651","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-11-04 07:15:46","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":47516,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReaction scheme 2\u003c/strong\u003e Synthesis of Copper complexes\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"scheme2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5304396/v1/902bdf76b6affa8641f3ce6a.png"},{"id":68152209,"identity":"27e12492-01e0-4d32-9b1a-f1efcd7557c9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-11-04 07:15:47","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":46889,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReaction scheme 3\u003c/strong\u003eOxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde in presence of Cu-II complexes.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"scheme3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5304396/v1/697d6b82c352f623eb64a1e7.png"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Novel Cu-II Complexes of 2-Hydroxy 4-Methoxy Benzylidene 2-Hydroxy Benzhydrazide: Synthesis, Spectral Characterization, Thermal, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Catalytic activity Study","fulltext":[{"header":"Highlights","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe novel hydrazone Schiff base and their Cu-II complexes were synthesized.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe ligand and metal complexes were confirmed by different spectral techniques.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe thermal study of complexes support proposed structural geometry for synthesized metal chelates.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThese complexes shows potential antibacterial and antioxidant activity.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThese complexes also shows catalytic activity in alcohol oxidation.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe coordination chemistry of hydrazones is very prominent due to their role as excellent polydentate chelating ligands proficient in forming a coordination complexes with d and f block metals in different oxidation states.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e] Hydrazones and their metal complexes array varies biological activities as antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer, antiviral, antitumor, antiparasitic and anti-inflammatory reagent.[\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR3 CR4 CR5 CR6 CR7\" citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e] When hydrazone metal complex is put in an application on host body, hydrogen bond is come in to existence in between nitrogen of azomethine and microbial cells of microbes affecting expected cellular activities. Further in metal complexes due to emergence of chelate rings, lipophilic character of metal is increased and polarity gets decreased, it breaks permeability barrier of cells influencing their usual cell processes.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e]Metal complexes of hydrazone are accepted for their pharmacological applications. Biological activities of hydrazones and their metal complexes are assessed by many researchers. Some derivatives of hydrazones are influential anticancer and antitumor agents.[10\u0026ndash;13 ]\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHydrazones are performing commanding role in analytical applications. They are demonstrated to be impressive anti-corrosion agent due to presence of N-N bonding and immine bond in their structure developing its adsorption capacity. Anticorrosion potential of some hydrazone complexes was communicated by Lagaz,H. and Khamaysa O.M.A.et.al [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e] They can convey sensor, luminescence, fluorescence applications, supramolecular order, optoelectronic properties [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR17 CR18 CR19\" citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e] and also functional in estimation of metal ions by spectrofluorometric and spectrophotometric analysis.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn organic chemistry novel methods, catalysts, solvents, oxidants are constantly searched for oxidation of organic molecules.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e] Several homogeneous and heterogeneous methods are reported for catalytic oxidation of alcohols [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e] In pharmaceutical industry as well as in preparation of flavors and fragrances oxidation products of alcohol are very efficient[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e].Hence to develop new catalytic system that works under mild condition and proceed using green oxidants like H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e paying attention of all researchers in chemical sciences because this process is environmental friendly.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e]In several cases solvent free oxidation, microwave assisted oxidation of alcohol give better yield. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e] Copper complexes generally catalyze various oxidation reactions.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e] large number of catalysts have been reported but copper containing complexes are very active catalysts [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e].So we extended our research program focusing concentration on isolation of industrially and medicinally important novel metal complexes for their biological estimation and industrial application.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe present study is designed to study the segregation and inspection of Cu-II complexes of 2-hydroxy 4-methoxy benzylidene 2-hydroxy benzhydrazide. In current work, Antimicrobial and free radical scavenging activity of new synthesized complexes are determined. The Catalytic activity of new complexes is also measured in oxidation of benzyl alcohol at different reaction condition using H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e as green oxidant.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Experimental","content":"\u003ch3\u003eMaterials and methods\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2-hydroxy 4-methoxy benzaldehyde, 2-hydroxy benzhydrazide, Copper nitrate trihydrate, Copper chloride dihydrate, Copper sulphate pentahydrate and benzyl alcohol procured from spectrochem, Mumbai. The solvent methanol, acetonitrile in highly pure form purchased from loba chemicals.\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003eH-NMR and \u003csup\u003e13\u003c/sup\u003eC-NMR spectral analysis of ligand was performed in DMSO-d6 solvent on Bruker 400.13MHZ instrument. Chemical shifts are recorded in ppm with tetra methyl silane as internal standard. Bruker (ALPHA) FT-IR spectrophotometer operating within 400\u0026ndash;4000 cm\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e notify IR frequencies. Shimadzu UV -2100 Spectrophotometer record electronic transitions in DMF solvent. LC/MS spectra of ligands and complexes were measured on AB Sciex 3200 Q Trap model in 10% DMSO solution in isopropanol and water. TGA analysis of all complexes were performed with universal TA instrument, USA (SDT Q600). The CHN elemental analysis was performed using vario EL III CHNS elemental analyzer at the SAIF Kochi, India. Metal content in complexes can be determined gravimetrically. PXRD Study is carried out by D-8 Bruker AXS diffractometer using CuKᾳ radiation (λ\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.54A0). Catalytic activity was measured by treating oxidized product with 2, 4 DNP reagent and taking weight of produced precipitate. Antibacterial activity was determined with the help of agar diffusion method and antioxidant activity was recorded using DPPH scavenging assay. All synthetic work was performed in air free atmosphere.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSynthesis of Ligand\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe investigated hydrazone (HL) 2-hydroxy 4-methoxy benzylidene 2-hydroxy benzhydrazide was synthesized using reported procedure. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e] A 1mmol methanol solution of 2-hydroxy 4-methoxy benzaldehyde (0.152 gm) and 2-hydroxy benzhydrazide (0.152 gm) were refluxed for 2 hrs in presence of 2 drops of glacial acetic acid as catalyst at room temperature. White crystals were separated. They were filtered and washed with methanol, recrystallized from DMF and dried in vacuum desiccators over CaCl\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eYield, 77.19%; Anal.calcd for C\u003csub\u003e15\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e14\u003c/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e: Calcd. C, 62.93; H, 4.92; N, 9.78.Found C, 62.40; H, 4.45; N, 9.50% ;FTIRcm\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e(KBr pellets):3450 ν(O-H),3198ν(N-H),1629 ν(C\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;O),1614 ν(C\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;N),919 ν(N-N);LCMs, Molecular ion peak(M+):m/z,285.1; \u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003eHNMR,(400 MHZ,DMSO-d\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e ,δ ppm),11.89(2H,s,-OH),11.53(1H,s,-NH),8.48(1H,s,-CH\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;N),6.40\u0026ndash;7.96 (m, ArH),3.73(3H,s,-OCH\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e);\u003csup\u003e13\u003c/sup\u003eC NMR (100 MHZ,DMSO-d6,δ ppm) :55.52(C\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003e),101.82(C\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e), 106.72(C\u003csub\u003e10\u003c/sub\u003e), 111.79(C\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e),116.92(C\u003csub\u003e12\u003c/sub\u003e),117.77(C\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e),119.07(C\u003csub\u003e13\u003c/sub\u003e)128.32(C\u003csub\u003e14\u003c/sub\u003e),132.36(C\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e),136.23(C\u003csub\u003e15\u003c/sub\u003e),150.82(C\u003csub\u003e8\u003c/sub\u003e),160.23(C\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e),160.27(C\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e), 162.66(C\u003csub\u003e11\u003c/sub\u003e), 165.16(C\u003csub\u003e9\u003c/sub\u003e),UV-Visible (DMF ,nm): 210,342.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSynthesis of Metal Complex\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll metal complexes were prepared according to reported procedure [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e]. During formation of each complex 1mmol hot methanol solution of ligand (0.285gm) and 1mmol methanol solution of metal salts [CuSO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e.5H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO (0.249 gm), CuCl\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e.2H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO (0.170 gm), Cu (NO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e)\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e.3H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO (0.241gm)] were refluxed together for 4 hrs forming green colored Cu-II complexes. The solid product obtained was filtered off, washed with methanol and dried in vacuum desiccators over CaCl\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e. The physical data of ligand and complexes are represented in Table \u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysical data of ligand and complexes 1a-3a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"11\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eComplex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMolecular formula\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMolecular weight (gm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eColour\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYield %\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eM.P.0c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eElemental analysis\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC H N M\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMolar conductance sm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003emol\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHL\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e15\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e14\u003c/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e286.28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhite\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e77.19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e270\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e62.40(62.93)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.45(4.92)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.50(9.78)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e15\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e14\u003c/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e8\u003c/sub\u003eCu\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e415.28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGreen\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e74.25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e˃300\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42.60(43.38)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.15(3.39)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.75(10.11)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.95(15.27)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e30\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e26\u003c/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e13\u003c/sub\u003eCu\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e820.69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGreen\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e71.70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e˃300\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44.05(43.90)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.32(3.19)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.90(6.83)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.05(15.46)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e15\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e14\u003c/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003eCuCl\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e401.28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGreen\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e75.86\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e˃300\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44.25(44.89)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.25(3.51)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.20(6.98)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.05(15.81)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eBiological Activities\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eAntimicrobial Potential\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eSynthesized complexes were examined for antimicrobial property towards pathogenic microbes like Escherichia coli, Bacillus cerus, Bacillus subtilties, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas Vulgaris employing agar diffusing method. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e] 7x105cells mL\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e of respective bacterial suspension were spread across the nutrient agar medium. Agar well diffusion method was utilized to deliver the synthesized hydrazone complexes 1a, 2a, and 3a (1 mg mL\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e in DMSO) to the culture plates. Following that, wells of 0.7 cm diameters were formed and loaded with the samples. The increasing concentration (100, 200 and 400 \u0026micro;g/ml) of the sample were used for diffusion. Plates containing samples were kept at 4\u0026deg;C for a few hours in order to allow them to disperse more effectively. Further plats were placed in incubator for 24 hours at 37\u0026deg;C.Anti-microbial activity was determined as zone of inhibition of the drug incorporated in well after 24 hours of incubation.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eAntioxidant Activity Study\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eDPPH radical scavenging potential of synthesized hydrazone complexes was determined utilizing 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals scavenging assay [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e35\u003c/span\u003e]. 1 mL of the relevant samples at varied concentration range (100\u0026ndash;500 \u0026micro;g mL-1) were mixed with 2 mL of 1.0 mmol L\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e DPPH reagent prepared in methanol. Then, reaction mixture kept in dark for the incubation at 37\u0026deg;C for 30 minutes. Further absorbance of the reaction mixtures was recorded at 570 nm by using spectrophotometer (UV-1800, Shimadzu, Japan). The prepared DPPH radical was used having absorbance 0.9\u0026ndash;1.1 .The following equation was used to determine the efficiency of the sample to scavenge the DPPH free radical in %:\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e% RSA\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;A control - A sample / A control \u0026times; 100\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA control- Absorbance of control; A sample- Absorbance of sample\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eGeneral Oxidation Procedure\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOxidation reaction was performed in air free atmosphere at 50\u003csup\u003e0\u003c/sup\u003ec. During oxidation 25 ml R.B. Flask was charged with 1mmol of substrate (benzyl alcohol), 10ml CH\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eCN solvent and 2.5mg catalyst, after adding 1.5 mmol H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e, reaction mixture was stirred for 4 hours. The oxidized products were treated with 2, 4 DNP reagent to precipitate only benzaldehyde formed. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e36\u003c/span\u003e] This precipitate was dried at room temperature and weighed. Finally from the weight of precipitate yield was determined.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results and discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe novel hydrazone ligand [HL] was synthesized by refluxing equimolar amount of 2-hydroxy 4-methoxy benzaldehyde and salicyl hydrazide in methanol solvent for 2 hours.(Reaction scheme 1)Synthesis of of similar type of hydrazone Schiff bases was also reported by Rahim F.et.al.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e] Three Cu-II complexes of ligand were synthesized by condensing 1mmole metal salt and ligand solution in methanol solvent. Ligand is tribasic, tridentate (i.e.enolate form) coordinate to metal through ONO donor sites. These complexes are green coloured, stable and having high melting point. These are insoluble in solvents like methanol, ethanol, benzene, chloroform etc. but soluble in DMSO and DMF solvent. Complexes shows low values of molar conductance showing non electrolyte nature of these complexes. The geometry at copper center is square planar for complex 1a and square pyramidal for complex 2a and 3a.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e37\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eFT-IR Spectral Discussion of ligand and complexes\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eInfrared spectra have emerged as the most useful tool for understanding ligand metal interaction. Mode of bonding was studied by comparing the IR spectra of free ligand with spectra of metal complexes. The coordination sites were designated from frequency shift of different groups in metal complexes with respect to free ligand. Prominent transitions in IR Spectra of ligand and complexes are depicted in Table \u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e The free ligand (HL) reflect signal at 3450 cm\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e for ν (O-H) group. The disappearance of this signal in all complexes indicate coordination of phenolate oxygen atom to metal center. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e38\u003c/span\u003e],[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e39\u003c/span\u003e] This is further strengthened by the shifting of ν(C-O)phenolic frequency by 4 to13 cm\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e in complexes from 1298 cm\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e in ligand. The spectra of ligand revealed IR frequency at 1614 cm\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003edue to ν(C\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;N) vibrations this band is shifted to lower frequency and appeared at 1605, 1607,1603 cm\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e in complexes 1a-3a respectively signifying donation of lone pair of electrons of azomethine nitrogen to metal center. This is further supported by upward shift of ν (N-N) vibrational frequency from 919 cm\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e in ligand to 971\u0026ndash;980 cm\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e in complexes. A prominent Peak is observed for HL at 3198 cm\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e due to ν(N-H) stretching vibrations and at 1629 cm\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e for ν(C\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;O) vibrations respectively. The ν(N-H) and ν(C\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;O) vibrations are not seen in complexes and appearance of the new bands at 1250, 1262, 1233cm\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e are attributed to the ν(C-O) (enolate) group coordinated to metal after deprotonation i.e. Carbonyl moiety is destroyed during complexation. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e40\u003c/span\u003e],[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR41\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e41\u003c/span\u003e]The presence of bridging sulphato group in dimeric complex 2a is further detected by strong peak at 1145cm\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003efor ν(S-O) vibrations. The two bands are seen in nitrato complex 1a at 1298 cm\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e and 1380 cm\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003econfirming the presence of coordinated nitrate group.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e42\u003c/span\u003e]The complex 1a and 2a exhibits IR frequency band at 3451cm\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e and 3432 cm\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003edue to lattice water molecules while chloro complex 3a shows stretching frequency at 889 cm\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003edue to coordinated water molecule.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR41\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e41\u003c/span\u003e]It is further supported by TG analysis. Appearance of medium bands in the region 450\u0026ndash;510 cm\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e and 550\u0026ndash;605 cm\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e attributed to M-N and M-O stretching vibrations respectively.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e43\u003c/span\u003e] Thus ligand coordinate to metal center using nitrogen of azomethine, phenolate oxygen and enolate oxygen atom respectively.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFT-IR spectral data of free ligand (HL) and its metal complexes (cm\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"9\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCompound\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eν (OH)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eν(N-H)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eν (C\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;N)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eν (C\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;O)/ν(C-O)enolic\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eν(N-N)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eν(H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO) lattice/\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ecoordinated\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eν(M-N)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eν(M-O)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e15\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e14\u003c/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3450\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3198\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1614\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1629\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e919\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e15\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e14\u003c/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e8\u003c/sub\u003eCu\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1605\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1250\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e965\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3451\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e450\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e605\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e30\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e26\u003c/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e13\u003c/sub\u003eCu\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1607\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1262\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e970\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3432\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e475\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e599\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e15\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e14\u003c/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003eCuCl\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1603\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1233\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e971\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e889\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e474\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e602\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNMR Spectral Discussion of ligand and complexes\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003eH and \u003csup\u003e13\u003c/sup\u003eC NMR Spectra of Ligand HL are displayed in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e. They are recorded in DMSO solution to ascertain the molecular structure of ligand and complexes.\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003eH NMR spectra of ligand HL displayed characteristic singlet peaks at 11.89 and 11.53 ppm which are attributed to the phenolic \u0026ndash;OH and hydrazide group. The azomethine proton reflect singlet at 8.48 ppm and aromatic protons noticed as multiplets in 6.40\u0026ndash;7.96 ppm range. The signal for methoxy protons is detected as singlet at 3.73 ppm. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR44\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e44\u003c/span\u003e]The \u003csup\u003e13\u003c/sup\u003eC NMR spectra of ligand revealed 165.16 ppm chemical shift for carbonyl carbon (C\u003csub\u003e9\u003c/sub\u003e). The C\u003csub\u003e11\u003c/sub\u003e and C\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e carbons of aromatic ring attached to hydroxyl group shows 162.66 ppm and 160.23 ppm chemical shift respectively. The chemical shift of azomethine carbon (C\u003csub\u003e8\u003c/sub\u003e) are seen at 150.82 ppm.The C\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e carbon for C-OCH\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e group records 160.27 ppm chemical shift. While remaining carbons C\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e, C\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e, C\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e, C\u003csub\u003e12\u003c/sub\u003e, C\u003csub\u003e13\u003c/sub\u003e, C\u003csub\u003e14\u003c/sub\u003e, C\u003csub\u003e15\u003c/sub\u003e displayed chemical shift from 101.82-136.23 ppm in aromatic region. The methoxy carbon (C\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003e) reflect chemical shift at 55.52 ppm. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR45\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e45\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR46\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e46\u003c/span\u003e].\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003eH and \u003csup\u003e13\u003c/sup\u003eC NMR spectra of complexes were not recorded due to paramagnetic nature of copper complexes.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR47\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e47\u003c/span\u003e],[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR41\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e41\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eMass Spectral discussion of ligand and complexes\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eMass spectra of complexes give an idea about presence of mononuclear/multinuclear complexes. The molecular ion peak observed in mass spectra is equivalent to molecular weight of complexes.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e43\u003c/span\u003e] The molecular ion peak observed for ligand at 285.1(C\u003csub\u003e15\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e13\u003c/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e+\u003c/sup\u003e) exactly match with the value calculated from atomic masses (C,H,N,O).Major fragments of stable species observed for ligand are 165,136,110.9,95.Mass spectrum of nitrato complex 1a gives molecular ion peak at 413.0 m/z and base peak at 94.9 m/z. It also give prominent complex ion peak at 409.1m/z. Other stable fragments observed at 348.0 and 285.2 m/z. The chloro complex 3a give M\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;2 peak at 403.0 m/z. The base peak and complex ion peak is observed at 381.9 m/z with 100% intensity. Some stable fragments recorded are 346.2 and 285.2 m/z. etc. While dimeric sulphato complex 2a shows molecular ion peak at 818.0 m/z corresponding to their molecular weights and base peak at 693.2 m/z with 100% intensity. It also give stable peak for complex ion at 789.1m/z, Other stable species observed are 408.9,48.1,285.1m/z etc. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eElectronic Spectral Discussion and magnetic susceptibility measurement study\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe electronic spectral data and magnetic moment values of metal complexes are summarized in table.3 while electronic spectra of ligand and complexes are shown by Fig.\u0026nbsp;4 Electronic spectra for ligand (HL) gives intense band at 210 nm due to n-π*transitions of non-bonding electrons of carbonyl and azomethine linkages and π-π*transitions are observed at 342 nm due to resonance in benzene ring.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR45\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e45\u003c/span\u003e]These bands are strong due to intraligand transitions. In metal complexes these bands are displayed at 240\u0026ndash;315 nm at new possition.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR46\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e46\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR47\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e47\u003c/span\u003e] In copper hydrazone complexes 1a-3a, in addition to these bands ,LMCT transitions are also seen at 261740\u0026ndash;263157 cm\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR48\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e48\u003c/span\u003e]The broad d-d band at 156250 cm\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e,154798 cm\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e and 143884 cm\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e for nitrato (1a),sulphato (2a) and chloro(3a) complex assign \u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003eB\u003csub\u003e1g\u003c/sub\u003e\u0026rarr;\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003eA\u003csub\u003e1g,\u003c/sub\u003e \u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003eE\u003csub\u003eg\u003c/sub\u003e\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:\\leftarrow\\:\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003eB\u003csub\u003e1g,\u003c/sub\u003e \u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003eB\u003csub\u003e1g\u003c/sub\u003e\u0026rarr;\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003eB\u003csub\u003e2g\u003c/sub\u003e transition corresponds to square planar and square pyramidal geometry[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR49\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e49\u003c/span\u003e],[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR50\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e50\u003c/span\u003e] It was further supported by magnetic susceptibility measurement study. Magnetic moments observed for complex 1a and 3a are 1.71 B.M. and 1.74 B.M. give support to suggested square planer and square pyramidal geometry.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR51\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e51\u003c/span\u003e] while magnetic moments reflected by binuclear sulphato complex 2a is 1.51 B.M. indicating some metal-metal interaction.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e42\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eElectronic spectral assignments of ligand (HL) and copper-II complexes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCompound\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026micro;\u003csub\u003eeffective\u003c/sub\u003e (B.M.)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbsorption Maxima(cm\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpectral assignments\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e15\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e14\u003c/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e(HL)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e476190\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003en-π*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e292397\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eπ-π*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e15\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e14\u003c/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e8\u003c/sub\u003eCu (1a)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.71\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e408163\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003en-π*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e322580\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eπ-π*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e263157\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLMCT\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e243902\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLMCT\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e156250\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ed-d transition\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e30\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e26\u003c/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e13\u003c/sub\u003eCu\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eS (2a)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.51\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e404163\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003en-π*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e333333\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eπ -π*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e261780\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLMCT\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e243902\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLMCT\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e154798\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ed-d transition\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e15\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e14\u003c/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003eCuCl(3a)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.74\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e416666\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003en-π*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e317460\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eπ -π*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e263157\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLMCT\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e242718\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLMCT\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e143884\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ed-d transition\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec14\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eTG Analysis of copper complexes\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThermal analysis was found to be suitable for the detection of coordinated and lattice water molecules in metal Complexes. It gives information about different fragments of complex and its thermal stability. It also support the geometry structure of proposed metal chelates. Structure of compounds deduced from spectral and analytical data coincides well with results of thermal data.TG analysis is carried out in an atmosphere of N\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e from 25\u003csup\u003e0\u003c/sup\u003ec- 800\u003csup\u003e0\u003c/sup\u003ec temperature [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e42\u003c/span\u003e],[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR52\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e52\u003c/span\u003e].In copper complex 1a 1.40% (calcd. 1.44%) weight loss was observed from 25\u003csup\u003e0\u003c/sup\u003ec to100\u003csup\u003e0\u003c/sup\u003ec suggesting presence of lattice water molecule(1/3H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO)In second stage of decomposition 53.45% (Calcd 52.28%) of organic moiety (C\u003csub\u003e8\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e11\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e) and nitrate ion were loosed rapidly in between 360.14\u003csup\u003e0\u003c/sup\u003ec-428.68\u003csup\u003e0\u003c/sup\u003ec .Thermal degradation of complex continues upto 700\u003csup\u003e0\u003c/sup\u003ec loosing 12.56% (calcd 12.77%) of complex moiety (C\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eH),leaving 32.60% (calcd 33.59%) of metal oxide contaminated with carbon atoms as residue at 700\u003csup\u003e0\u003c/sup\u003ec.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e42\u003c/span\u003e]In copper complex 2a first weight loss of 3.90% ( calculated 3.65%) was observed in between 25\u003csup\u003e0\u003c/sup\u003ec-110\u003csup\u003e0\u003c/sup\u003ec shows the presence of lattice water molecule.(\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:1\\frac{2}{3}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003eH\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO) In next stage 57.80% (calcd 57.75%) organic part (C\u003csub\u003e21\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e17\u003c/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e) and sulphate group of complex get disintegrated in temperature range 354.26\u003csup\u003e0\u003c/sup\u003ec-437.38\u003csup\u003e0\u003c/sup\u003ec.The remaining organic moiety 21.32%(C\u003csub\u003e9\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e) and residue of Cu\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO 17.42% were not decomposed upto 800\u003csup\u003e0\u003c/sup\u003ec suggesting metal ligand bonds are very strong.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e42\u003c/span\u003e],[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR53\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e53\u003c/span\u003e]Presence of lattice water molecules were further supported by results of IR spectra. Complex 3a shows first stage of decomposition with weight loss of 12.15% (calcd 13.20%) from temperature range 214.72\u003csup\u003e0\u003c/sup\u003ec to 295.03\u003csup\u003e0\u003c/sup\u003ec suggesting loss of coordinated water molecule and chloro group. In second stage of decomposition 34.00%(calcd-33.66%) of ligand portion (C\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003eNO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e) get disintegrated in between 295.03-394.39\u003csup\u003e0\u003c/sup\u003ec and in last stage of decomposition 29.71%(calcd-28.17%) ligand moiety(C\u003csub\u003e8\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003eN) get disintegrated up to 780\u003csup\u003e0\u003c/sup\u003ec.Thus 63.71% (calcd 61.83%) ligand part disintegrated giving 22.60% (calcd 23.81%) metal oxide residue in the form of CuO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e35\u003c/span\u003e]TG-DTA curves of copper complexes are depicted in fig-5-7 while thermo gravimetric data is represented in Table \u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThermogravimetric data of ligand (HL) and its metal complexes.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCompound\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTemp.range (\u003csup\u003e0\u003c/sup\u003ec)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e% mass loss\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExptl. Calcd.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDecomposition assignments\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e15\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e14\u003c/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e8\u003c/sub\u003eCu (1a)/[Cu (HL) (NO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e)] .\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:\\frac{1}{3}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003eH\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO(1a)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25\u0026ndash;100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.44\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLattice water molecule.(\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:\\frac{1}{3}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003eH\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO )\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e360\u0026ndash;428\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e53.45\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52.58\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrganic moiety (-C\u003csub\u003e8\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e11\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e)and nitrate ion(-NO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e428\u0026ndash;700\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.56\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.77\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrganic moiety (-C\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eH)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAt 700\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.59\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMetal oxide residue CuO\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;5C\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e30\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e26\u003c/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e13\u003c/sub\u003eCu\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eS (2a)/[{Cu(HL)}\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e(μ-SO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e)] .1 \u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:\\frac{2}{3}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO(2a)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25\u0026ndash;110\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.65\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLattice water molecule.(1\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:\\frac{2}{3}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003eH\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO )\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e354\u0026ndash;437\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e57.80\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e57.75\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrganic moiety and sulphate ion.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(-C\u003csub\u003e21\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e17\u003c/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e9\u003c/sub\u003eS)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e437\u0026ndash;800\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRemaining Organic moiety(C\u003csub\u003e9\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e) and Cu\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO metal oxide residue is not decomposed up to 800\u003csup\u003e0\u003c/sup\u003ec\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e15\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e14\u003c/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003eCuCl(3a)/[Cu (HL) (Cl )(H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO)] (3a)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e214\u0026ndash;295\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCoordinated chloro group and water molecule\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e295\u0026ndash;394\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.66\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrganic moiety\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(-C\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003eNO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e394\u0026ndash;780\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.71\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrganic moiety\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(C\u003csub\u003e8\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003eN)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAt 780\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.81\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMetal oxide residue (CuO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cimg 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\" width=\"481\" height=\"189\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSchematic thermal degradation of complex [Cu (HL) (NO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e)].\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:\\frac{1}{3}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003eH\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO(1a)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cimg 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\" width=\"651\" height=\"122\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSchematic thermal degradation of complex [{Cu (HL)} \u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e(\u0026micro;-SO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e)] 1.\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:\\frac{2}{3}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003eH\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO (2a)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cimg 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\" height=\"105\" width=\"660\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSchematic thermal degradation of complex [Cu (HL) (Cl) (H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO)] (3a)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec16\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eX-Ray powder diffraction study\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eCrystalline and amorphous nature of ligand (HL) and copper complexes were derived from X-ray powder diffraction study. Hydrazone ligand and copper complexes 1a-3a were examined by using powder XRD technique over 2ө range at a wavelength of 1.54A\u003csup\u003eo\u003c/sup\u003e.Crystallite size of the ligand and complexes were calculated from Scherer\u0026rsquo;s equation using the XRD line broadening method. FWHM of more intense diffraction peaks was used to calculate crystallite size with the help of Scherer\u0026rsquo;s equation \u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csub\u003eXRD\u003c/sub\u003e=0.9 \u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:{\\lambda\\:}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e /FWHM cosө [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR54\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e54\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR55\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e55\u003c/span\u003e] Micrographs of hydrazone ligand and Cu-II complexes shows well defined peaks showing its crystalline nature. Particle size of ligand was found to be 51.25 nm while Cu-II complexes shows 31.33, 28.20 and 35.25 nm size respectively.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec17\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological Activity\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec18\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eAntimicrobial Potential\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo illustrate biomedical potential of produced molecules the antibacterial potency was investigated against human pathogenic microorganisms. Antimicrobial property was determined using the agar well diffusion technique on a nutrition medium in the Petri dish. Measurements were made of the zone of inhibition (mm) for every type of microbe\u0026rsquo;s species (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e and Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e) While the microbes used in this activity are pathogenic to humans, some are food pathogens (\u003cem\u003eB. cereus\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eE. coli\u003c/em\u003e). The manufactured pharmacological molecules are effective towards all of these microbes, they might be used in product wrapping materials to inhibit pathogenic microorganisms which extend the shelf life of packed goods [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR56\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e56\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGram-positive bacteria such as \u003cem\u003eBacillus cereus\u003c/em\u003e have higher inhibitory zone than Gram -negative (\u003cem\u003ePseudomonas vulgaris\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eEscherichia coli\u003c/em\u003e) bacteria because they have outer lipid membrane made of polysaccharides showing more antigenic properties. Ligand shows lower activity than metal complexes suggesting coordination of metal to ligand. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e]The antibacterial potential of synthetic medicines has been linked to a number of factors. Ionization, which forms an ionic link\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe antimicrobial activity of synthesized molecules was investigated utilizing the agar well diffusion method.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSr. No.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMicroorganisms\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eZone of inhibition (mm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003efor synthesized drug molecules\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(\u0026micro;g/ml)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e[Cu (HL) (NO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e) ].\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:\\frac{1}{3}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003eH\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO(1a)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e[{Cu(HL) }\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e(μ-SO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e)].1 \u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:\\frac{2}{3}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003eH\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO(2a)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e[Cu (HL) (Cl )(H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO)] (3a)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLigand\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHL\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eBacillus subtilties\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.51\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.57\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eBacillus cereus\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eEscherichia coli\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.57\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePseudomonas velgaris\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.53\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.91\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eStaphylococcus aureus\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.81\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.35\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ewith the negative biological membranes, is among the mechanisms evidenced in several investigation. When drug molecules interact with a microbial surface, the cell structure is damaged, allowing intracellular proteins to escape. Further, reactive groups come into contact with trenches in the membrane and cellular components are released externally. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR57\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e57\u003c/span\u003e]Other biological processes used by pharmacological molecules to restrict microbes include endogenous ROS generation and lowered expression of cellular oxidative genes in bacteria, DNA damage, protein degradation, lipid peroxidation, and cellular hydrophilic/hydrophobic diminution also responsible for the inhibition of bacterial growth [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR58\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e58\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec19\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eAntioxidant Activity\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe measurement of free radical scavenging capacity requires the removal of DPPH ions with hydrogen-donating, molecules and the generation of non-radicals DPPH-H in the reaction solution. Colour intensity of the DPPH solution get changed from dark to light in response to the decrease in absorbance of the test sample demonstrated that the compound has antioxidant potential [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR59\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e59\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn this experiment, the potential of synthetic compounds to scavenge radicals was investigated. Ability of test samples to scavenge DPPH radicals enhanced as the concentration of the samples raised. Where at lowest concentration of 100 \u0026micro;g, the DPPH scavenging activity of 1a is (12\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2%), 2a (14.66\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.5%) and 3a (10\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1%) respectively. Scavenging activity against free radicals increases in direct proportion to concentration in the sample under investigation. At higher concentration of 500 \u0026micro;g, the radical scavenging activity were 1a (86.33\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.51%), for 2a (90.36\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.16%) and for 3a (82\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.5%) percent respectively as illustrated in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig7\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec20\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCatalytic Activity\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eCopper complexes frequently shows catalytic activity in oxidation reaction.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e37\u003c/span\u003e]Catalytic activity was measured at 50\u003csup\u003e0\u003c/sup\u003ec in MeCN medium using hydrogen peroxide as oxidant. Cu-II compounds (2.5mg) 1a-3a were taken in round bottom flask in presence acetonitrile (10ml) as solvent. Substrate benzyl alcohol 1mmol was added and after addition of hydrogen peroxide 1.5 mmol reaction get started. (Reaction scheme 3) We obtained 90%, 88% and 91% (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e, entry1-3) yields for complexes 1a, 2a and 3a.No reaction product was observed for reaction under study in absence of catalyst and oxidant.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrom observed results, complex 3a is active catalyst. So different parameters like role of solvent, amount of catalyst and time was checked for complex 3a.Effect of solvent on reaction under study was observed by taking CH\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eCN, DMF and DMSO solvents and it was found that acetonitrile is better solvent for the reaction. (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab7\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e, entry 3) It is medium coordinating solvent with low donar number and high dielectric constant. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR45\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e45\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab6\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 6\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCatalytic activity shown by alcohol derivatives with H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e in the presence of complex 1a-3a.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEntry\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eComplex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubstrate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYield\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBenzyl alcohol\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2a\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e88\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3a\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e91\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReaction condition: Solvent CH\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eCN (10ml); Complex (2.5mg); Temperature (50\u003csup\u003e0\u003c/sup\u003ec) ; H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e (1.5mmol); Time 4hrs\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eActivity of catalytic system was examined by taking different amount of catalyst. Complete conversion was observed when 2.5mg of Cu-II complex was used.(Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab7\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e,entry 3) Rate of conversion was increased with increasing amount of catalyst.(Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab7\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e,entry 1\u0026ndash;4 ) The reaction under study for 3 mg of catalyst ,less reaction product is observed.(Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab7\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e,entry 4) It means at high concentration over oxidation takes place converting benzaldehyde into benzoic acid and consequently the yield get decreased. We have also observed effect of time on particular oxidation reaction. If time of reaction increased yield of product get increased. We obtained 91% (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab7\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e, entry 3) yield after four hours. But yield get decreased (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab7\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e, entry 7) for reaction operated at five hours, suggesting over oxidation of product benzaldehyde. So choosing right amount of catalyst, solvent, time is necessary to achieve high yield in this particular catalytic reaction. Better results are observed when substrate, oxidant and catalyst are used in 1:1.5:2.5 ratio in this particular catalytic system. Oxidation of benzyl alcohol gives excellent yield like other reported catalytic systems. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR44\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e44\u003c/span\u003e]The melting point of product (benzaldehyde 2, 4 DNP hydrazone) obtained by reacting 2,4 DNP reagent with oxidized product benzaldehyde is 250\u003csup\u003e0\u003c/sup\u003ec.The mechanism of oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde proceeds through formation of peroxo complex with Cu-II hydrazone complex, it is indicated from previous reports and results of catalytic activity study.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e],[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e37\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab7\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 7\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCatalytic activity of complex 3a at different reaction condition in benzyl alcohol oxidation.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEntry\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCatalyst(mg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTime\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(hr)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTemperature\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(\u003csup\u003e0\u003c/sup\u003ec)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSolvent\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYield%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCH\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eCN\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e58\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCH\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eCN\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e79\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2.5\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e50\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCH3CN\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e91\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCH\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eCN\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e72\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCH\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eCN\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCH\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eCN\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e55\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCH\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eCN\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e72\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDMF\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrace\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDMSO\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrace\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eHydrazone ligand 2-hydroxy 4-methoxy benzylidene 2-hydroxy benzhydrazide and its three Cu-II complexes [Cu (HL) (NO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e)].\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:\\frac{1}{3}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003eH\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO (1a), [{Cu (HL)} \u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e(\u0026micro;-SO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e)].1\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:\\frac{2}{3}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003eH\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO (2a), [Cu (HL) (H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO) Cl] (3a) were successfully synthesized. These complexes were characterized by FT-IR, UV-Visible, \u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003eHNMR, \u003csup\u003e13\u003c/sup\u003eC NMR, LC-MS, PXRD study and thermal analysis. The antibacterial, antioxidant and catalytic activity of synthesized complexes were reported. The observed results are outlined as below.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 .Ligand behave as tribasic, tridentate and coordinate to metal through enolate oxygen, azomethine nitrogen and phenolate oxygen.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2 .FT-IR, electronic spectra and magnetic moment data inferred square planar geometry to complex 1a and square pyramidal geometry for complexes 2a and 3a respectively.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3. Crystallite size of complexes (1a-3a) is evaluated from powder X-ray diffraction study.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4. The thermal studies of the reported complexes (1a-3a) show good accord with the proposed structure and geometry obtained from analytical and spectral data.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5. The Complex 1a and 3a are monomeric while complex 2a is dimeric in nature.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6. The antibacterial and antioxidant screening of ligand and its metal complexes shows the good potential activities. These complexes also shows catalytic activity in benzyl alcohol oxidation.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003ch2\u003eAuthor Contribution\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eSangeeta Korane is lead author contributed for idea, conceptualization, data acquisition and writing the manuscript. Babasaheb Bhosale contributed for final editing of draft, and characterization. Amol Jadhav contribted for analysis, data acquisition.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgements\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors acknowledge the NMR network (Instrumentation center) in Punyashlok Ahilyadevi Holkar Solapur University, Maharashtra, India. I also thanks the Shivaji University, Kolhapur, and Maharashtra, India for giving facility of PXRD spectra.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAbu-Dief AM, El-khatib RM, El-Sayed SM, lzahrani S, Alkhatib F, Gehad El-Sarrag G, Ismael M (2021) Tailoring, structural elucidation, DFT calculation, DNA interaction and pharmaceutical applications of some aryl hydrazone Mn(II), Cu(II) and Fe(III) complexes. 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J Med Plants Res 5:217\u0026ndash;222\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Schemes","content":"\u003cp\u003eSchemes 1-3 are available in the Supplementary Files section.\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Transition metal complexes, catalysis, ligand, UV-Visible spectroscopy","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5304396/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5304396/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe novel hydrazone ligand 2-hydroxy 4-methoxy benzylidene 2-hydroxy benzhydrazide [HL] was prepared by condensing 2-hydroxy benzhydrazide and 2-hydroxy 4-methoxy benzaldehyde in methanol solvent. The Cu-II complexes [Cu(HL)(NO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e)].1/3H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO (1a), [{Cu (HL)}\u003csub\u003e2 \u003c/sub\u003e(μ-SO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e)].1\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e/\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO(2a), [Cu(HL)(H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO) Cl](3a) were synthesized by refluxing Cu-II salts CuNO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e.3H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO CuSO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e.5H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO and CuCl\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e.2H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO with methanol solution of [HL] and characterized by spectral techniques (FT-IR,\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003eH-NMR,\u003csup\u003e13\u003c/sup\u003eC–NMR,UV-Visible, PXRD study).The complexes are further characterized by thermo gravimetric(TG)analysis, molar conductivity, elemental analysis and magnetic susceptibility measurement study. FT-IR spectra provides valuable information about different coordination sites. UV-Visible spectroscopy reflect LMCT bands from 242718- 261780 cm\u003csup\u003e-1\u0026nbsp; \u003c/sup\u003eand d-d bands in the range of 143884-156250 cm\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e in addition to n-π*and π -π*transition in all complexes. Square planar to square pyramidal geometry was proposed for all complexes as illustrated in magnetic, electronic and spectroscopic data. X-ray powder diffraction analysis reveals crystalline nature for all complexes. The experimental results of TGA analysis are in good agreement with spectroscopic data of complexes. A comparison of spectroscopic and physicochemical data are very useful in creating correct assignments and understanding of structure of complex. The ligand act as tribasic tridentate chelating through the phenolate oxygen, azomethine nitrogen and oxygen of enolate donar functionality with copper-II ion. The antibacterial potential of synthesized complex catalysts was evaluated against human pathogenic bacteria such as\u003cem\u003e Bacillus subtilties\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eBacillus cereus\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eEscherichia coli\u003c/em\u003e,\u003cem\u003e Pseudomonas velgaris\u003c/em\u003e,\u003cem\u003eand Staphylococcus aureus \u003c/em\u003eetc. Also, the Cu (II) complexes demonstrate significant antioxidant activity. The catalytic performance in alcohol oxidation using hydrogen peroxide as a green oxidant is also investigated.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Novel Cu-II Complexes of 2-Hydroxy 4-Methoxy Benzylidene 2-Hydroxy Benzhydrazide: Synthesis, Spectral Characterization, Thermal, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Catalytic activity Study","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-11-04 07:15:41","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5304396/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"2fecdf67-9a52-4a02-9aa6-653aba6d38bd","owner":[],"postedDate":"November 4th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-11-17T15:08:15+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-11-04 07:15:41","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-5304396","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-5304396","identity":"rs-5304396","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}