Optimization of Rosmarinic Acid Extraction from Thunbergia laurifolia Leaves Using a Green Solvent and Evaluation of Its Biological Activities

Optimization of Rosmarinic Acid Extraction from Thunbergia laurifolia Leaves Using a Green Solvent and Evaluation of Its Biological Activities | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Optimization of Rosmarinic Acid Extraction from Thunbergia laurifolia Leaves Using a Green Solvent and Evaluation of Its Biological Activities Kotchaphan Chooluck, Amaraporn Wongrakpanich, Warisara Parichatikanond, and 3 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8644284/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Thunbergia laurifolia (TL) is a medicinal herb that has been used in ethnomedicine and possesses many biological activities. This study aimed to develop a green extraction method for rosmarinic acid (RA), a major active component of TL leaves, using stirring-assisted maceration (SAM). Butylene glycol (BG) in water was chosen as a solvent due to its safety and its ability to be incorporated directly into pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations without requiring removal from the extract. Box-Behnken Design was employed to optimize the extraction of RA from TL leaves. The results demonstrated that the extraction time and %BG were significant variables influencing the RA yield, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity. The optimal condition was an extraction time of 2 h, 52% BG, and stirring speed of 200 rpm. These parameters yielded 5.415 ± 0.023 mg/g TL RA yield, 2.573 ± 0.012 mg GAE/g TL total phenolic content, and 6.362 ± 0.097 mg AAE/g TL ABTS radical scavenging activity, closely to predicted values. The extract obtained under an optimal condition exhibited anti-inflammatory properties. Furthermore, RA demonstrated wound-healing activity, and a biphasic dose-response was observed regarding its anti-melanogenic effects. As a result, the TL extract holds significant potential for cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications. Natural Product Chemistry Extraction optimization Rosmarinic acid Thunbergia laurifolia Maceration Response surface methodology Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThunbergia laurifolia\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e Leaves Using a Green Solvent and Evaluation of Its Biological Activities\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"Thai Traditional Medical Knowledge Fund, Department for Development of Thai Traditional and Alternative Medicine, Ministry of Public Health. ","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Extraction optimization, Rosmarinic acid, Thunbergia laurifolia, Maceration, Response surface methodology","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8644284/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8644284/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eThunbergia laurifolia\u003c/em\u003e (TL) is a medicinal herb that has been used in ethnomedicine and possesses many biological activities. This study aimed to develop a green extraction method for rosmarinic acid (RA), a major active component of TL leaves, using stirring-assisted maceration (SAM). Butylene glycol (BG) in water was chosen as a solvent due to its safety and its ability to be incorporated directly into pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations without requiring removal from the extract. Box-Behnken Design was employed to optimize the extraction of RA from TL leaves. The results demonstrated that the extraction time and %BG were significant variables influencing the RA yield, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity. The optimal condition was an extraction time of 2 h, 52% BG, and stirring speed of 200 rpm. These parameters yielded 5.415\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.023 mg/g TL RA yield, 2.573\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.012 mg GAE/g TL total phenolic content, and 6.362\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.097 mg AAE/g TL ABTS radical scavenging activity, closely to predicted values. The extract obtained under an optimal condition exhibited anti-inflammatory properties. Furthermore, RA demonstrated wound-healing activity, and a biphasic dose-response was observed regarding its anti-melanogenic effects. As a result, the TL extract holds significant potential for cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Optimization of Rosmarinic Acid Extraction from Thunbergia laurifolia Leaves Using a Green Solvent and Evaluation of Its Biological Activities","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-01-21 18:32:36","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8644284/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"3f818558-c333-4464-b5e5-d2e2ce091d39","owner":[],"postedDate":"January 21st, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":61405746,"name":"Natural Product Chemistry"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-01-21T18:32:36+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-01-21 18:32:36","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8644284","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8644284","identity":"rs-8644284","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}