Meta-analysis of the correlation between BMI and risk factors for osteoporosis

Abstract Objectives: The purpose of this meta-analysis is to assess whether there is an association between BMI and osteoporosis. Methods: Domestic and foreign databases were searched for case-control studies published from 1990.1.1. to 2022.12.31, they use medical subject headings (MeSH) and keywords. All statistical analyses were performed using Review Manager 5.3. If I2 50% (which indicated great heterogeneity), a random-effects model was adopted. Results: This meta-analysis included 18 case-control studies covering 9078 individuals, published between 1990 and 2022. The pooling analysis shows that low BMI is a risk factor for osteoporosis complicated by type 2 diabetes, high BMI is a risk factor for osteoporosis complicated by menopausal women, and low BMI is a risk factor for primary osteoporosis. The correlation between normal and high BMI and primary osteoporosis cannot be demonstrated yet; BMI is a risk factor for osteoporosis in patients with frequent glucocorticoid use or COPD, and the correlation between BMI and risk factors for osteoporosis in stroke patients cannot be demonstrated yet. Conclusions: Our meta-analysis shows that low BMI is a risk factor for osteoporosis complicated by type 2 diabetes and primary osteoporosis, high BMI is a risk factor for osteoporosis complicated by menopausal women, and BMI is a risk factor for osteoporosis in patients with frequent glucocorticoid use or COPD. This provides a theoretical basis for the prevention of osteoporosis in clinical practice.