Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Escherichia Coli, Salmonella, and Shigella Species Among Fewer Than Five Years Age Diarrheal Children Attending Mettu Karl Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia June to August, 2023

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Escherichia Coli, Salmonella, and Shigella Species Among Fewer Than Five Years Age Diarrheal Children Attending Mettu Karl Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia June to August, 2023 | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Escherichia Coli, Salmonella, and Shigella Species Among Fewer Than Five Years Age Diarrheal Children Attending Mettu Karl Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia June to August, 2023 Seyoum Dechasa Gemechu, Dr. Seifu Gizaw Fayisa, Abdi Negash, Abate Abdisa Eticha This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8980001/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background: Diarrheal diseases are a common disease worldwide associated with high morbidity and mortality rates in children under the age of five especially in developing countries. Enteric bacterial are most common causative agents of diarrhea and become a challenges to prevent and treat diarrhea due to emergency of antimicrobial resistant. Objective: The aims of this study was to isolate and determine prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Escherichia coli , Salmonella , and Shigella species among under five years age diarrheal children attending Mettu Karl Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia June to August, 2023 Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from June to August 2023 on 382 at Mettu Karl Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from children under five who had diarrhea. Data collection was done using convenience sample technique. Each collected sample was inoculated onto Selenite F broth and MacConkey agar. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby Bauer disk method on Muller Hinton agar. Socio-demographic, clinical, and laboratory results data were entered in EpiData v4.6.0.6 and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Descriptive summaries, frequency, tables, and graphs were used to describe the study variables. Results: From the 382 children screened, bacteria were isolated from 44 (11.52%). This included; 19(5.0%) Escherichia coli , 14(3.66%) Salmonella species, and 11 (2.9%) Shigella . The highest resistance among bacteria was observed against Ampicillin (89.5%), cotrimoxazole (73.7%), and cefazolin (57.1%). Almost all of E.coli, Salmonella, and Shigella were susceptible to imipenem, cefepime, and cefotaxime. Of the total 44 isolates, 20(45.5%) showed multidrug resistance. Conclusion and Recommendation: This study indicates that E. coli, Salmonella , and Shigella were isolated pathogenic bacteria. The identified bacteria were susceptible to Imipenem, cefepime, and cefotaxime. The highest prevalence of antimicrobial resistance was observed for ampicillin followed by cotrimoxazole and cefazolin. Also, isolated bacteria showed resistance to ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, azithromycin, and ciprofloxacin and multiple antimicrobial resistances were high among those bacteria. It is better to use potent antimicrobials like Imipenem, Cefepime, and Cefotaxime for the treatment of bacterial-caused diarrhea. General Microbiology Pediatrics Diarrhea Escherichia coli Salmonella and Shigella Antimicrobial Susceptibility Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8980001","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":597708667,"identity":"f1af7971-f9df-4d2f-8bd7-da01dca57319","order_by":0,"name":"Seyoum Dechasa Gemechu","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA3klEQVRIiWNgGAWjYLCCBwzMdvzsDUCWgQWRWhIYmJMlew6AtEgQr4Vxw40EEJMILfIzcgwfJFRYMzPcfH51w48CCQb+9u4EvFoMbuQYGyScSedjnJ1TdrMH6DCJM2c34NcikWMmkdh2mJlZOiftBg9Qi4FELn4tQIeZ/wBqYWyTPJN28w8xWhhu5JgxgLT0SLAfu02ULQZnnhVLAP2SLMGTw3ZbxkCCh6Bf5NuTN374UGFtZ3/8+LObb/7YyPG39xJwGAOHAZTBA2bwEFAOAuwP0BmjYBSMglEwClABAEjBR1SHxPBvAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Ambo University, Clinical Microbiology Diagnostic Department","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Seyoum","middleName":"Dechasa","lastName":"Gemechu","suffix":""},{"id":597708668,"identity":"4d390c5f-3c26-4c90-9df7-c7be41a5396d","order_by":1,"name":"Dr. Seifu Gizaw Fayisa","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Salale University College of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"Dr.","firstName":"Seifu","middleName":"Gizaw","lastName":"Fayisa","suffix":""},{"id":597708669,"identity":"74bbc618-0d15-4961-ae20-3d90631c8d0b","order_by":2,"name":"Abdi Negash","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Salale University College of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Abdi","middleName":"","lastName":"Negash","suffix":""},{"id":597708670,"identity":"623aadbf-c7ab-461c-b5d6-2f571a5a54cf","order_by":3,"name":"Abate Abdisa Eticha","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tulu Bolo General Hospital, Department of Laboratory","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Abate","middleName":"Abdisa","lastName":"Eticha","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-02-26 16:36:50","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":true,"vertebrateSubjects":false,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":true,"humanSubjectConsent":true,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8980001/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8980001/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":103577467,"identity":"70d6f1f8-f6a2-4c40-8850-0c5c7581d12c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-27 09:28:11","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":538251,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"RevisedManuscriptofDiarrhealDiseaseofUnderfivechildren1.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8980001/v1_covered_7065650b-f542-4bbc-9c4e-303065b2aa49.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003ePrevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Escherichia Coli, Salmonella, and Shigella Species Among Fewer Than Five Years Age Diarrheal Children Attending Mettu Karl Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia June to August, 2023\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"Oromia Health Bureau","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":true,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Diarrhea, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Shigella, Antimicrobial Susceptibility","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8980001/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8980001/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eBackground: Diarrheal diseases are a common disease worldwide associated with high morbidity and mortality rates in children under the age of five especially in developing countries. Enteric bacterial are most common causative agents of diarrhea and become a challenges to prevent and treat diarrhea due to emergency of antimicrobial resistant.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eObjective: The aims of this study was to isolate and determine prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of \u003cem\u003eEscherichia coli\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eSalmonella\u003c/em\u003e, and \u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eShigella\u003c/em\u003especies among under five years age diarrheal children attending Mettu Karl Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia June to August, 2023\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMethods: \u0026nbsp;A cross-sectional study was conducted from June to August 2023 on 382 at Mettu Karl Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from children under five who had diarrhea. Data collection was done using convenience sample technique. Each collected sample was inoculated onto Selenite F broth and MacConkey agar. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby Bauer disk method on Muller Hinton agar. Socio-demographic, clinical, and laboratory results data were entered in EpiData v4.6.0.6 and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Descriptive summaries, frequency, tables, and graphs were used to describe the study variables.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResults: From the 382 children screened, bacteria were isolated from 44 (11.52%). This included; 19(5.0%) \u003cem\u003eEscherichia coli\u003c/em\u003e, 14(3.66%) \u003cem\u003eSalmonella\u003c/em\u003e species, and 11 (2.9%) \u003cem\u003eShigella\u003c/em\u003e. The highest resistance among bacteria was observed against Ampicillin (89.5%), cotrimoxazole (73.7%), and cefazolin (57.1%). Almost all of \u003cem\u003eE.coli, Salmonella, \u003c/em\u003eand \u003cem\u003eShigella \u003c/em\u003ewere susceptible to imipenem, cefepime, and cefotaxime. Of the total 44 isolates, 20(45.5%) showed multidrug resistance.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConclusion and Recommendation: This study indicates that \u003cem\u003eE. coli, Salmonella\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eShigella \u003c/em\u003ewere isolated pathogenic bacteria. The identified bacteria were susceptible to Imipenem, cefepime, and cefotaxime. The highest prevalence of antimicrobial resistance was observed for ampicillin followed by cotrimoxazole and cefazolin. Also, isolated bacteria showed resistance to ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, azithromycin, and ciprofloxacin and multiple antimicrobial resistances were high among those bacteria. It is better to use potent antimicrobials like Imipenem, Cefepime, and Cefotaxime for the treatment of bacterial-caused diarrhea.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Escherichia Coli, Salmonella, and Shigella Species Among Fewer Than Five Years Age Diarrheal Children Attending Mettu Karl Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia June to August, 2023","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-02-27 09:25:23","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8980001/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"a12fc15c-07ee-4c4e-8ccc-211cf7a7756a","owner":[],"postedDate":"February 27th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":63639166,"name":"General Microbiology"},{"id":63639167,"name":"Pediatrics"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-03-12T11:41:01+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-02-27 09:25:23","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8980001","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8980001","identity":"rs-8980001","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}