Exploring Human–AI Dynamics in Enhancing Workplace Safety and Health: A Narrative Review

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing occupational health and safety (OHS) by addressing workplace hazards and enhancing employee well-being. This review explores the broader context of increasing automation and digitalization, focusing on the role of human–AI interaction in improving workplace safety, health, and productivity while considering associated challenges. Methods: A narrative review methodology was employed, involving a comprehensive literature search in PubMed, Embase, and Scopus for studies published within the last 15 years. The review included studies examining AI applications in OHS, such as wearable technologies, predictive analytics and ergonomic tools, with a focus on their contributions and limitations. Results: Key findings demonstrate that AI enhances hazard detection, enables real-time monitoring, and improves training through immersive simulations, significantly contributing to safer and more efficient workplaces. However, challenges such as data privacy concerns, algorithmic biases, and reduced worker autonomy were identified as significant barriers to broader AI adoption in OHS. Conclusions: AI holds great promise in transforming OHS practices, but its integration requires ethical frameworks and human-centric collaboration models to ensure transparency, equity, and worker empowerment. Addressing these challenges will allow workplaces to harness the full potential of AI in creating, workplaces can leverage AI to foster safer, healthier, and more sustainable environments.