Natural Oil Blend Formulation (NOBF) as an anti- African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) agent in Primary Porcine Alveolar Macrophases (PAM) cells of Swine

ABSTRACT African swine fever is one of the severe pathogens of swine. It has a significant impact on production and on economics. So far, there are no known remedies, such as vaccines or drugs, reported. The natural oil blend formulation (NOBF) successfully tested against the African swine fever virus (ASFV) in in vitro conditions. The natural oil blend formulation (NOBF) combines Eucalyptus globulus , Pinus sylvestris , and Lavandula latifolia . We used a two-fold serial dilution to test the NOBF formulation dose. The in vitro trial results demonstrated that NOBF up to dilution 13 or 0.000625 ml deactivates the lethal dose 105HAD50 of ASFV. There was no hemadsorption (Rosetta formation) up to dilution 12 or 0.00125 ml of NOBF. The Ct value of the NOBF group at 96 hours post-infection was the same as the initial value or lower (25), whereas the Ct value of positive controls increased several folds (17.84). The in vitro trial demonstrated that NOBF can deactivate the African swine fever virus. HIGHLIGHTS The natural oil blend formulation (NOBF) was formulated using three natural oils, i.e., Eucalyptus globulus , Pinus sylvestris , and Lavandula latifolia . The in vitro trial was conducted using porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) and further passaged in the PAMs; the stock used in the present study was that obtained after the 15th passage. The natural oil blend formulation (NOBF) showed protection against ASF virus up to a dilution of 13 or 0.000625 of a dilution of 16 or 0.000078 ml that was tried. The real-time PCR analysis showed that the virus did not replicate in the NOBF group, which implies that either ASFV growth was inhibited in the presence of NOBF or that it was inactivated. The in vitro trial outcome showed that NOBF has anti-ASFV properties.