A Refined Gibson-Ashby Model for Functionally Graded Honeycombs with Random Irregularities

A Refined Gibson-Ashby Model for Functionally Graded Honeycombs with Random Irregularities | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article A Refined Gibson-Ashby Model for Functionally Graded Honeycombs with Random Irregularities Nicola Pugno, Mohammad Beigrezaee, Seyed Kamal Jalali, Diego Misseroni This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4534260/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This study refines the Gibson-Ashby model to predict the mechanical properties of functionally graded (FG) honeycombs with random irregularities. By integrating correction factors, the model accommodates variations in aspect ratio and structural irregularities across hexagonal, triangular, and square honeycomb micro-architectures. The study updates analytical expressions to correlate the relative elastic modulus with relative density for graded configurations. These enhancements are calibrated through analytical derivations and finite element (FE) simulations, covering a wide array of irregular FG honeycomb designs. Validations are conducted via FE simulations and experimental tests on 3D-printed samples. A dual homogenization approach effectively translates microstructural variations into macroscopic property predictions, confirming the model's applicability to diverse configurations. The refined Gibson-Ashby model demonstrates high accuracy in relating relative density to elastic modulus in graded and irregular honeycombs. This analytical framework offers a valuable tool for designing optimized FG honeycomb structures across various geometric variations. Physical sciences/Engineering/Mechanical engineering Physical sciences/Materials science/Structural materials/Mechanical properties Functionally Graded Gibson-Ashby Model Irregular Lattice structures Porosity Honeycombs Additive manufacturing Full Text Additional Declarations There is NO Competing Interest. Supplementary Files app.pdf Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4534260","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":331362944,"identity":"a4a1631b-d739-4206-bca0-17bbc111bfcc","order_by":0,"name":"Nicola Pugno","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA3ElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACZiB+AON8YGDgAdEHCGpJgLIZZwC1gPQcwK8HSQszSDlBa8zZmR8+SKhhyDM4v/bgY9u2OzL20g2Mhz/g0WLZzGZskHCModjgxrtk49y2Zzw8MgfwO8zgMA+bRAIbQ+KGG2fMpHPbDvPwSCQQo+UfVIsl0VoS24BazveYSTMSpwXol8Q+iWLJGzzGhj3ngFpuJDYcOINPy/nDDx98+GaTx3f+jOGDH2WH7dlnJB/+UIFHCxQAHQNEUMDYQFgDAyg2+fG5fxSMglEwCkY0AAClVU8j4UcXaQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"University of Trento","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Nicola","middleName":"","lastName":"Pugno","suffix":""},{"id":331362945,"identity":"f20541e0-8384-4d72-a7ea-c3c1a66518a1","order_by":1,"name":"Mohammad Beigrezaee","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8508-9782","institution":"University of Trento","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mohammad","middleName":"","lastName":"Beigrezaee","suffix":""},{"id":331362946,"identity":"87fa6425-038b-48c1-84d2-74be31782dea","order_by":2,"name":"Seyed Kamal Jalali","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Trento","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Seyed","middleName":"Kamal","lastName":"Jalali","suffix":""},{"id":331362947,"identity":"2a2f3432-6b3a-4764-b6e6-65d00b8f73a6","order_by":3,"name":"Diego Misseroni","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Trento","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Diego","middleName":"","lastName":"Misseroni","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-06-05 12:56:12","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4534260/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4534260/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":88026277,"identity":"bc4fbfc2-d782-41df-9242-2d13dfe42f20","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-31 14:43:52","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":3453592,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"main.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4534260/v1_covered_26d50f07-0085-4572-be1a-de67ce808fb6.pdf"},{"id":62932004,"identity":"aafb64ff-89f0-4a3f-bed5-b27c45c02db5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-08-21 07:57:13","extension":"pdf","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":10341249,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"app.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4534260/v1/84cc9d561614b9dba0f4dc5d.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"There is \u003cb\u003eNO\u003c/b\u003e Competing Interest.","formattedTitle":"A Refined Gibson-Ashby Model for Functionally Graded Honeycombs with Random Irregularities","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Functionally Graded, Gibson-Ashby Model, Irregular Lattice structures, Porosity, Honeycombs, Additive manufacturing","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4534260/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4534260/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"This study refines the Gibson-Ashby model to predict the mechanical properties of functionally graded (FG) honeycombs with random irregularities. 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