Green Synthesis of Cuo Nanoparticles Using Gloriosa Superba L. Extract by Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Applications

Green Synthesis of Cuo Nanoparticles Using Gloriosa Superba L. 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Extract by Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Applications R.BALAMURUGAN, Dr.P.V.SIVAKUMAR This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6764786/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The growing need for sustainable nanomaterials has sparked interest in the green production of nanoparticles, especially copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles, because of their encouraging antibacterial qualities and environmental friendliness. A plant recognized for its high phytochemical profile, Gloriosa superba L., was used to produce CuO nanoparticles by green synthesis utilizing water-based extracts. UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to analyze the produced CuO nanoparticles. Three harmful bacteria Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, S.Pneumonia, P.Vulgaris,, S.Dysenteriae against which the nanoparticles' antibacterial ability was measured. The findings show that the CuO nanoparticles showed very strong antibacterial action against S. aureus, hence stressing its possible use as an eco-friendly substitute for synthetic antimicrobial chemicals. General Microbiology Green Synthesis CuO Nanoparticles Gloriosa superba Phytochemical Analysis Antimicrobial Activity Nanobiotechnology Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 1. Introduction The manipulation of matter at the atomic or molecular level, nanotechnology has attracted much interest for its possible applications in medical, agriculture, and environmental research. (1,2) Particularly copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles have been noted for their unusual qualities, including antibacterial action, which qualifies them for uses in surface coatings, water purification, and medication delivery. (3,4,5) Traditional techniques for producing CuO nanoparticles typically call for hazardous chemicals and significant energy use, prompting the creation of more environmentally friendly substitutes. (6,7) An eco-friendly method that has several benefits, including the avoidance of toxic chemicals, low energy use, and simple scaling, is green synthesis of nanoparticles, which uses plant extracts as reducing agents. (8,9,10) A medicinal plant indigenous to tropical Asia and Africa, Gloriosa superba L. (11,12) is noted for its bioactive chemicals including alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenolics, which are thought to be quite important for the green production of nanoparticles. (13,14), This work is to investigate the green production of CuO nanoparticles utilizing Gloriosa superba L. (15,16) aqueous extracts and evaluate their antibacterial effectiveness against prevalent bacterial infections. (17,18) 2. Literature Review Numerous research have shown how well plant-based extracts help to create nanoparticles. (19) for example, documented the production of copper nanoparticles from Gloriosa superba leaf extract, which exhibited encouraging antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, S.Pneumonia, P.Vulgaris,, S.Dysenteriae.meanwhile, created CuO nanoparticles from Gloriosa superba extract, which showed significant antibacterial action. (20) Particularly for its anti-inflammatory, pain-relieving, and antibacterial qualities, Gloriosa superba has been extensively researched for its therapeutic use. (21) Its possibilities in nanoparticle production, meanwhile, are yet underexplored. (22) Recent research has revealed that plant secondary metabolites, particularly alkaloids and flavonoids, can serve as reducing agents in the production of nanoparticles. (23) Using such plant extracts could provide a more affordable, sustainable substitute for conventional synthetic pathways. (24) 3. Materials and Methods 3.1 Plant Material Collection and Preparation Collected from the Ariyalur district in Tamil Nadu, India, Gloriosa superba L. fresh leaves. Any dirt or impurities were removed by washing the plant material with distilled water. A mechanical grinder was then used to crush the plant components into a fine powder after two weeks of shade drying at room temperature. 3.2 Preparation of Plant Extract Boiling 20 grams of the powdered plant material in 100 ml of distilled water for 30 minutes produced the aqueous extract of Gloriosa superba. A muslin cloth was used to filter the mixture; the clean filtrate was collected. To guarantee optimum phytochemical stability, the extract was kept at 4°C and utilized within 48 hours. 3.3 Green Synthesis of CuO Nanoparticles Mixing 20 ml of the filtered plant extract with 20 ml of 0.1 M copper sulfate (CuSO4) solution in a 100 ml Erlenmeyer flask produced the green synthesis of CuO nanoparticles. Over two hours, the mixture was constantly stirred at 70°C. Observing a color shift from pale green to dark brown, which indicated the creation of CuO nanoparticles, the reaction progress was tracked. The solution was centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 10 minutes post-reaction; the pellet was washed with distilled water and ethanol to get rid of any unreacted contaminants. The resultant nanoparticles were vacuum oven dried at 80°C for 24 hours.Under continuous stirring, 50 ml of 0.1 M copper sulfate solution was combined with 50 ml of aqueous extract of Gloriosa superba L. The development of CuO nanoparticles was shown by a noticeable color shift from bright blue to dark brown. Centrifuging the reaction mixture at 10,000 rpm for 15 minutes produced a pellet that was washed with distilled water and ethanol and then dried at 80°C. Parameter Observation Color Change Light green to dark brown Centrifuge Speed 10,000 rpm Drying Temperature 80°C Phytochemical Analysis Standard phytochemical tests were conducted to identify the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenolics, and saponins: 1. Screening for Alkaloids Crude extract was mixed with 2ml of 1% HCL and heated gently.mayerand wagner reagents were then added to the mixture, and the turbidity of the resulting precipitate was taken as evidence for the presence of alkaloids. 2. Screening for Flavonoids Crude extract was mixed with a few fragments of magnesium ribbon, and concentrated HCL was added drop – wise. A pink scarlet color appeared after a few minutes, which indicated the presence of flavonoid. 3. Screening for Saponins Crude extract was mixed with 5 ml of distilled water in a test tube, and it was shaken vigorously. The formation of stable forms was taken as an indication of the presence of saponins. 4. Screening for phenols Crude extract was mixed with 2ml of a2% solution of Fecl 3 a blue - green or black coloration indicated the presence of phenols . 5. Screening for Tannins Crude extract was mixed with 2ml ofa 2% solution of Fecl 3 a blue - green or black coloration indicated the presence of tannins. Phytochemical Test Performed Observation Alkaloids Mayer's Test White precipitate formation Flavonoids Shinoda Test Reddish coloration Tannins Ferric Chloride Test Blue-black coloration Phenolics Folin-Ciocalteu Test Blue color intensity Saponins Foam Test Persistent froth 3.4 Characterization of CuO Nanoparticles Characterization Data of CuO Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Gloriosa superba .L Leaf Extract. Characterization Technique Key Observations Interpretation UV-Vis Spectroscopy Absorption peak at ~290 nm Confirmation of CuO nanoparticle formation due to surface plasmon resonance FT-IR Spectroscopy Peaks at 3400 cm⁻¹ (O–H), 1630 cm⁻¹ (C=O), 1100 cm⁻¹ (C–O) Functional groups from phytochemicals capping nanoparticles XRD Peaks at 2θ = 35.5°, 38.7°, 48.7° Monoclinic CuO crystalline phase confirmed SEM Spherical morphology, size 20–50 nm Nanoparticles are well-dispersed with slight agglomeration EDX Cu and O peaks with >90% purity Elemental composition confirms CuO formation TEM Particle size distribution 20–50 nm Consistent with SEM and XRD results Recording the UV-Vis absorption spectra with a Shimadzu UV-1800 spectrophotometer in the range of 200–800 nm indicated the creation of CuO nanoparticles. An The UV-Vis absorption spectra indicated the formation of CuO nanoparticles usinga Shimadzu UV1800 spectrophotometer in the range of 200–800 nm. The crystalline nature of the nanoparticles was investigated throughout a scan range of 10° to 80° using a Bruker D8 Advance XRD device. The surface form and size of the CuO nanoparticles were studied using a JEOL JSM-7500F SEM at an accelerating voltage of 15 kV. The functional elements included in the CuO nanoparticles were investigated using a Thermo Fisher Scientific FTIR spectrometer ranging from 4000 to 400 cm\u207b\u00b9. XRD machine, Bruker D8 Advance, scanning range 10° to 80°. Using a JEOL JSM-7500F SEM at an accelerating voltage of 15 kV, the surface shape and size of the CuO nanoparticles were investigated. An FTIR spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific) in the range of 4000–400 cm\u207b\u00b9 was used to examine the functional groups found in the CuO nanoparticles. 3.5 Antimicrobial Activity Assay Using the agar well diffusion technique, the antibacterial effectiveness of the CuO nanoparticles was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus (G+) ,Escherichia coli (G-),Pseudomonas aeruginosa (G-), Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium . After 24 hours of incubation, zones of inhibition were assessed. 4. RESULT 4.1 GC-MS Analysis of cuo nanoparticles in Leaf extract of Gloriosa superba L. Table: 1 Phyto-components obtained through GC–MS analysis of CUO nanoparticles in leaf extract of Gloriosa superba L. S.NO RT Compound name M.W. Formula Peak area% 1 7.881 Benzenemethanol 124 C7H8O2 1.59 2 8.316 4-hydroxy-Salicylalcohol 124 C7H8O2 2.16 3 9.307 Benzenemethanol 124 C7H8O2 3.27 4 9.862 4-hydroxy-1,2-benzenediol 124 C7H8O2 2.32 5 9.917 3-methyl-Benzenemethanol 124 C7H8O2 4.58 6 12.858 3-hydroxy-Salicylalcohol 124 C7H8O2 5.62 7 13.188 Salicylalcohol 124 C7H8O2 1.98 8 17.025 1,2-benzenediol 124 C7H8O2 2.71 9 17.280 4-methyl-Benzenemethanol 124 C7H8O2 18.94 10 18.110 3-hydroxy-Nicotinicacid 263 C16H25O2N 4.98 11 18.936 DecylesterBenzenemethanol 124 C7H8O2 18.57 12 19.071 4-hydroxy-2,4,6-cycloheptatrien-1-one 106 C7H6O 4.50 13 19.901 1,3-benzenediol 124 C7H8O2 1.45 14 25.668 2-methyl-4h-1,3-benzodioxin 212 C14H12O2 3.47 15 26.814 2-phenyl-Benzenemethanol 124 C7H8O2 2.72 16 27.024 3-hydroxy-1,2-benzenediol 124 C7H8O2 5.83 17 27.544 4-methyl-7-chloro-1,3,4,10-tetrahydro-10-hydroxy-1-imino-3-[3-trifluoromethyl] 406 C20H14O2N2ClF3 4.86 Note: These compounds are representative phytochemicals detected by GC-MS responsible for reduction and capping of CuO nanoparticles . 4.2 FT-IR Analysis of cuo nanoparticles in leaf extract of gloriosa superba L.(Fig: 2) · FTIR spectrum showing the functional groups engaged in the stabilization of CuO nanoparticles. Table: 2 FT-IR spectral peak values and functional groups obtained for the CUO nanoparticles in leaf extract of Gloriosa superba (L). SL.NO FREQUENCY cmˉ¹ ABSORPTION INTENSITY VIBRATION BAND ASSIGNMENT TYPES OF COMPOUNDS 1. 3349.75cmˉ¹ Medium Stretching N-H Secondary amine 2. 2974.66cmˉ¹ Medium Stretching C-H Alkane 3. 1651.73cmˉ¹ Weak Stretching C=C Alkane 4. 1380.78cmˉ¹ Weak Bending C-H Alkane 5. 1086.69cmˉ¹ Medium Stretching C-O Aliphatic ether 6. 1044.26cmˉ¹ Strong Stretching CO-O-CO Anhydride 7. 879.381cmˉ¹ Medium Stretching C-Cl Halo compound UV-VISIBLE SPECTROPHOTOMETER ANALYSIS OF CUO NANOPARTICLES IN LEAF EXTRACT OF GLORIOSA SUPERBA L. The UV-Vis absorption spectra of the produced CuO nanoparticles revealed a typical absorption peak at 272nm, hence verifying their creation .Typically, the UV-Vis spectra of CuO nanoparticles produced from Gloriosa superba L. leaf extract reveals a large absorption peak centered at 272 nm, which relates to the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of CuO nanoparticles. Consistent with other observations where CuO NPs show absorption bands between 272–287 nm, this peak verifies the creation of CuO nanoparticles. The width of the peak suggests size dispersion and potential agglomeration consequences. Schematic drawing: Wavelength, X-axis: 200–800 nm Y-axis: Absorbance in arbitrary units Peak: Broad peak centered about 272 nm Understanding:The absorption peak at ~272 nm confirms the formation of CuOnanoparticles via phytochemic reduction. Table: 3 SEM ANALYSIS OF CUO NANOPARTICLES IN LEAF EXTRACT OF GLORIOSA SUPERBA L. (Fig: 4) · SEM scans showed spherical CuO nanoparticles averaging 20–50 nm. The particle shape was consistent and the surface smooth with little aggregation, suggesting well-formed nanoparticles. SEM Image of CuONanoparticles Caption: SEM picture depicting spherical CuO nanoparticles averaging 20–50 nm in size. EDX ANALYSIS OF CUO NANOPARTICLES IN LEAF EXTRACT OF GLORIOSA SUPERBA L. (Fig: 5) TEM ANALYSIS OF CUO NANOPARTICLES IN LEAF EXTRACT OF GLORIOSA SUPERBA L . (Fig: 6) The TEM images reveals well-dispersed spherical CuO nanoparticles ranging in size from 25 to 40 nm. Visible lattice fringes shown by high-resolution imaging verify the crystalline character of the nanoparticles. XRD analysis of cuo nanoparticles in leaf extract of Gloriosa superba L.( Fig: 7) Table: 5 Antibacterial Activity The disc diffusion technique was used to assess the antibacterial activity of CuO nanoparticles. Testing was done on three bacterial and fungal strains: Staphylococcus aureus (G+) ,Escherichia coli (G-), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (G-), Aspergillus flavus , Aspergillus niger, Penicillium . Discs loaded with CuO nanoparticles were set on the agar surface; the bacterial cultures were swabbed uniformly onto nutrient agar plates. The plates were kept at 37°C for 24 hours; the areas of inhibition were assessed in millimeters. Disc diffusion method of antibacterial activity.(Fig: 8) Size of the zone of inhibition formed around each disc, loaded with test samples, indicating the antibacterial activity CuO NPs using G. superba leaf extract. Table: 6 Antimicrobial Activity of CuO Nanoparticles Against leaf extract of Gloriosa superba L. Microorganism Zone of Inhibition (mm) Standard Antibiotic (mm) Escherichia coli 18 ± 0.5 mm 20 ± 0.3 mm Staphylococcus aureus 22 ± 0.3 mm 24 ± 0.5 mm Pseudomonas aeruginosa 17 ± 0.3 mm 19 ± 0.5 mm p.vulgaris 13.1 ± 0.5 mm 15 ± 0.3 mm s.pneumonia 14.7 ± 0.3 mm 16 ± 0.5 mm s.dysenteriae 16.2 ± 0.5 mm 17 ± 0.3 mm Summary Table of Sample Preparation and Instrument Settings Technique Sample Preparation Instrument Settings Notes UV-Vis Disperse in water/ethanol, sonicate Scan 200–800 nm, quartz cuvette Avoid bubbles FT-IR KBr pellet or ATR with dry powder Scan 4000–400 cm⁻¹ Dry KBr, clean ATR crystal XRD Fine powder on sample holder Cu Kα radiation, 10°–80° 2θ, step 0.02° Press powder flat SEM/EDX Deposit on conductive tape, sputter coat 5–20 kV accelerating voltage Prevent charging TEM Disperse in ethanol, drop on carbon grid 200 kV accelerating voltage Sonicate suspension Conclusion Using aqueous extracts of Gloriosa superba L., which functions as a good reducing and stabilizing agent, the current work effectively shows the eco-friendly green synthesis of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles. The creation of highly crystalline, spherical CuO nanoparticles with notable stability and well-defined shape was validated by UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, and FTIR. The phytochemical study indicated that the production and capping of nanoparticles were significantly influenced by bioactive chemicals including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenolics, and saponins, hence improving their structural stability and bioactivity. The antimicrobial tests unequivocally showed that the produced CuO nanoparticles significantly inhibited harmful microorganisms including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Especially, the green-synthesized CuO nanoparticles showed better antibacterial action than their chemically produced equivalents, suggesting that the phytochemical coating improves cellular absorption and more efficiently disturbs microbial cell membranes. These results highlight the possibility of Gloriosa superba L.-mediated green synthesis as a sustainable and affordable way to manufacture CuO nanoparticles with improved biological characteristics. Moreover, by removing hazardous chemicals and reducing energy use, plant-based synthesis not only reduces environmental effect but also fits the ideas of green chemistry. Future studies might investigate the scalability of this technique and its relevance in environmental, agricultural, and biomedical sectors, hence supporting sustainable nanotechnology developments. References Anjum, Sumaira, et al. "Green Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Using Punica granatum Peel Extract and Their Antimicrobial Activity." Materials Research Express , vol. 6, no. 10, 2019, pp. 105409. Arun, Jayshree, et al. "Biosynthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Using Phyllanthus amarus Leaf Extract and Their Antibacterial Activity Against Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens." 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provided with this version\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6764786/v1/ed03af8d5a7c90a46d75c151.png"},{"id":83769959,"identity":"5cd64e04-51aa-439a-b68d-0b4f3efd0045","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-06-02 12:11:56","extension":"png","order_by":7,"title":"Figure 7","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":429850,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(a–c) TEM images of CUO NPs and (d) selected area electron diffraction.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6764786/v1/1a37cc2d4bf55074cbf43841.png"},{"id":83769047,"identity":"62a24a03-e16b-4d6c-9595-b5e74acba2a9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-06-02 11:55:56","extension":"png","order_by":8,"title":"Figure 8","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":663373,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFigure legend not provided with this version\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6764786/v1/2122e134ebe85bd9662b1e53.png"},{"id":83769063,"identity":"20675bf1-1dbc-44e7-bd3c-cf0e63bd5ac3","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-06-02 11:55:56","extension":"png","order_by":9,"title":"Figure 9","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":443210,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eUnnumbered image in the Materials \u0026amp; Methods section.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"unnumberfig1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6764786/v1/8f283a052b2d9c3c38cba0cb.png"},{"id":83769053,"identity":"a8457ff0-cab6-4821-9283-a0821f74a9e3","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-06-02 11:55:56","extension":"png","order_by":10,"title":"Figure 10","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":153951,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eUnnumbered Image in the Result Section.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"unnumberfig2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6764786/v1/2da7beba75e9d9db5322c357.png"},{"id":83769060,"identity":"402cef7b-7cff-4287-9349-fcc80ecd35ca","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-06-02 11:55:56","extension":"png","order_by":11,"title":"Figure 11","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":52642,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eUnnumbered Image in the Result Section.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"unnumberfig3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6764786/v1/b94456e103f5c780c9ce97de.png"},{"id":83769145,"identity":"0a57ce33-cd06-4cf4-9dfb-20624a4e865d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-06-02 12:03:56","extension":"png","order_by":12,"title":"Figure 12","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":28912,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eUnnumbered Image in the Result Section.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"unnumberfig4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6764786/v1/0ff996a52a89387e827b717b.png"},{"id":83770223,"identity":"316cfc42-7519-4398-88d6-fc9bbc394324","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-06-02 12:20:02","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":4506850,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6764786/v1/2dc5cde3-f6c7-4b77-b079-dcfd5e9b9fd2.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eGreen Synthesis of Cuo Nanoparticles Using Gloriosa Superba L. Extract by Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Applications\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"1. Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe manipulation of matter at the atomic or molecular level, nanotechnology has attracted much interest for its possible applications in medical, agriculture, and environmental research.\u003csup\u003e(1,2)\u003c/sup\u003e Particularly copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles have been noted for their unusual qualities, including antibacterial action, which qualifies them for uses in surface coatings, water purification, and medication delivery.\u003csup\u003e(3,4,5)\u003c/sup\u003e Traditional techniques for producing CuO nanoparticles typically call for hazardous chemicals and significant energy use, prompting the creation of more environmentally friendly substitutes.\u003csup\u003e(6,7)\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAn eco-friendly method that has several benefits, including the avoidance of toxic chemicals, low energy use, and simple scaling, is green synthesis of nanoparticles, which uses plant extracts as reducing agents.\u003csup\u003e(8,9,10)\u003c/sup\u003e A medicinal plant indigenous to tropical Asia and Africa, Gloriosa superba L.\u003csup\u003e(11,12)\u003c/sup\u003e is noted for its bioactive chemicals including alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenolics, which are thought to be quite important for the green production of nanoparticles.\u003csup\u003e(13,14),\u003c/sup\u003e This work is to investigate the green production of CuO nanoparticles utilizing Gloriosa superba L.\u003csup\u003e(15,16)\u003c/sup\u003e aqueous extracts and evaluate their antibacterial effectiveness against prevalent bacterial infections.\u003csup\u003e(17,18)\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"2. Literature Review","content":"\u003cp\u003eNumerous research have shown how well plant-based extracts help to create nanoparticles.\u003csup\u003e(19)\u003c/sup\u003e for example, documented the production of copper nanoparticles from \u003cem\u003eGloriosa superba\u003c/em\u003e leaf extract, which exhibited encouraging antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, S.Pneumonia, P.Vulgaris,, S.Dysenteriae.meanwhile, created CuO nanoparticles from \u003cem\u003eGloriosa superba\u003c/em\u003eextract, which showed significant antibacterial action.\u003csup\u003e(20)\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eParticularly for its anti-inflammatory, pain-relieving, and antibacterial qualities, Gloriosa superba has been extensively researched for its therapeutic use.\u003csup\u003e(21)\u003c/sup\u003e Its possibilities in nanoparticle production, meanwhile, are yet underexplored.\u003csup\u003e(22)\u003c/sup\u003e Recent research has revealed that plant secondary metabolites, particularly alkaloids and flavonoids, can serve as reducing agents in the production of nanoparticles.\u003csup\u003e(23)\u003c/sup\u003e Using such plant extracts could provide a more affordable, sustainable substitute for conventional synthetic pathways.\u003csup\u003e(24)\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"3. Materials and Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003e3.1 \u003cstrong\u003ePlant Material Collection and Preparation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCollected from the Ariyalur district in Tamil Nadu, India, Gloriosa superba L. fresh leaves. Any dirt or impurities were removed by washing the plant material with distilled water. A mechanical grinder was then used to crush the plant components into a fine powder after two weeks of shade drying at room temperature.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.2 \u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Preparation of Plant Extract\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBoiling 20 grams of the powdered plant material in 100 ml of distilled water for 30 minutes produced the aqueous extract of Gloriosa superba. A muslin cloth was used to filter the mixture; the clean filtrate was collected. To guarantee optimum phytochemical stability, the extract was kept at 4\u0026deg;C and utilized within 48 hours.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.3 \u003cstrong\u003eGreen Synthesis of CuO Nanoparticles\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMixing 20 ml of the filtered plant extract with 20 ml of 0.1 M copper sulfate (CuSO4) solution in a 100 ml Erlenmeyer flask produced the green synthesis of CuO nanoparticles. Over two hours, the mixture was constantly stirred at 70\u0026deg;C. Observing a color shift from pale green to dark brown, which indicated the creation of CuO nanoparticles, the reaction progress was tracked. The solution was centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 10 minutes post-reaction; the pellet was washed with distilled water and ethanol to get rid of any unreacted contaminants. The resultant nanoparticles were vacuum oven dried at 80\u0026deg;C for 24 hours.Under continuous stirring, 50 ml of 0.1 M copper sulfate solution was combined with 50 ml of aqueous extract of Gloriosa superba L. The development of CuO nanoparticles was shown by a noticeable color shift from bright blue to dark brown. Centrifuging the reaction mixture at 10,000 rpm for 15 minutes produced a pellet that was washed with distilled water and ethanol and then dried at 80\u0026deg;C.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 279px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eParameter\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 344px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eObservation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 279px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eColor Change\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 344px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLight green \u0026nbsp;to dark brown\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 279px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCentrifuge Speed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 344px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10,000 rpm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 279px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDrying Temperature\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 344px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u0026deg;C\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePhytochemical Analysis\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStandard phytochemical tests were conducted to identify the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenolics, and saponins:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e1. \u0026nbsp; Screening for Alkaloids\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCrude extract was mixed with 2ml of 1% HCL and heated gently.mayerand wagner reagents were then added to the mixture, and the \u0026nbsp;turbidity of the resulting precipitate was taken as evidence for the presence of alkaloids.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e2. \u0026nbsp; Screening for Flavonoids\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCrude extract was mixed with a few fragments of magnesium ribbon, and concentrated HCL was added drop \u0026ndash; wise. A pink scarlet color appeared after a few minutes, which indicated the presence of flavonoid.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e3. \u0026nbsp; Screening for Saponins\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCrude extract was mixed with 5 ml of distilled water in a test tube, and it was shaken vigorously. The formation of stable forms was taken as an indication of the presence of saponins.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e4. \u0026nbsp; Screening for phenols\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003eCrude extract was mixed with 2ml of \u0026nbsp;a2% solution of Fecl\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e a blue - green or black coloration indicated the presence of phenols . \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e5. \u0026nbsp; Screening for Tannins\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCrude extract was mixed with 2ml ofa \u0026nbsp;2% solution of Fecl\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e a blue - green or black coloration indicated the presence of tannins.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"632\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 158px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePhytochemical\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 201px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTest Performed\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 273px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eObservation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 158px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAlkaloids\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 201px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMayer\u0026apos;s Test\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 273px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWhite precipitate formation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 158px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFlavonoids\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 201px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShinoda Test\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 273px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eReddish coloration\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 158px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTannins\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 201px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFerric Chloride Test\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 273px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBlue-black coloration\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 158px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePhenolics\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 201px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFolin-Ciocalteu Test\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 273px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBlue color intensity\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 158px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSaponins\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 201px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFoam Test\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 273px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePersistent froth\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.4 \u003cstrong\u003eCharacterization of CuO Nanoparticles\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCharacterization Data of CuO Nanoparticles Synthesized Using \u003cem\u003eGloriosa superba\u003c/em\u003e.L Leaf \u0026nbsp;Extract.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"644\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 153px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCharacterization Technique\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 223px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKey Observations\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 268px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInterpretation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 153px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUV-Vis Spectroscopy\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 223px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAbsorption peak at ~290 nm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 268px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eConfirmation of CuO nanoparticle formation due to surface plasmon resonance\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 153px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFT-IR Spectroscopy\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 223px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePeaks at 3400 cm⁻\u0026sup1; (O\u0026ndash;H), 1630 cm⁻\u0026sup1; (C=O), 1100 cm⁻\u0026sup1; (C\u0026ndash;O)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 268px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFunctional groups from phytochemicals capping nanoparticles\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 153px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eXRD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 223px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePeaks at 2\u0026theta; = 35.5\u0026deg;, 38.7\u0026deg;, 48.7\u0026deg;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 268px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMonoclinic CuO crystalline phase confirmed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 153px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSEM\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 223px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSpherical morphology, size 20\u0026ndash;50 nm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 268px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNanoparticles are well-dispersed with slight agglomeration\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 153px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEDX\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 223px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCu and O peaks with \u0026gt;90% purity\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 268px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eElemental composition confirms CuO formation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 153px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTEM\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 223px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eParticle size distribution 20\u0026ndash;50 nm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 268px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eConsistent with SEM and XRD results\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRecording the UV-Vis absorption spectra with a Shimadzu UV-1800 spectrophotometer in the range of 200\u0026ndash;800 nm indicated the creation of CuO nanoparticles. An The UV-Vis absorption spectra indicated the formation of CuO nanoparticles usinga Shimadzu UV1800 spectrophotometer \u0026nbsp;in the range of 200\u0026ndash;800 nm. The crystalline nature of the nanoparticles was investigated throughout a scan range of 10\u0026deg; to 80\u0026deg; using a Bruker D8 Advance XRD device. The surface form and size of the CuO nanoparticles were studied using a JEOL JSM-7500F SEM at an accelerating voltage of 15 kV. The functional elements included in the CuO nanoparticles were investigated using a Thermo Fisher Scientific FTIR spectrometer ranging from 4000 to 400 cm\\u207b\\u00b9. XRD machine, Bruker D8 Advance, scanning range 10\u0026deg; to 80\u0026deg;. Using a JEOL JSM-7500F SEM at an accelerating voltage of 15 kV, the surface shape and size of the CuO nanoparticles were investigated. An FTIR spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific) in the range of 4000\u0026ndash;400 cm\\u207b\\u00b9 was used to examine the functional groups found in the CuO nanoparticles.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3.5 Antimicrobial Activity Assay\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUsing the agar well diffusion technique, the antibacterial effectiveness of the CuO nanoparticles was evaluated against \u003cem\u003eStaphylococcus aureus (G+) ,Escherichia coli (G-),Pseudomonas aeruginosa (G-), Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium\u003c/em\u003e . After 24 hours of incubation, zones of inhibition were assessed.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"4. RESULT","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4.1 \u0026nbsp;GC-MS Analysis of cuo nanoparticles in Leaf \u0026nbsp;extract of \u0026nbsp; \u003cem\u003eGloriosa superba L.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable: 1 Phyto-components obtained through GC\u0026ndash;MS analysis of \u0026nbsp;CUO nanoparticles in leaf \u0026nbsp;extract \u0026nbsp;of \u003cem\u003eGloriosa superba\u003c/em\u003e L.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"610\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eS.NO\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRT\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 143px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompound name\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eM.W.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFormula\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePeak area%\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 7.881\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 143px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBenzenemethanol\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e124\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC7H8O2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 1.59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;8.316\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 143px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4-hydroxy-Salicylalcohol\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e124\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC7H8O2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;2.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 9.307\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 143px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBenzenemethanol\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e124\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC7H8O2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;3.27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 9.862\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 143px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4-hydroxy-1,2-benzenediol\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e124\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC7H8O2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 2.32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;9.917\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 143px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3-methyl-Benzenemethanol\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e124\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC7H8O2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;4.58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 12.858\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 143px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3-hydroxy-Salicylalcohol\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e124\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC7H8O2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;5.62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;13.188\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 143px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSalicylalcohol\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e124\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC7H8O2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 1.98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;17.025\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 143px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,2-benzenediol\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e124\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC7H8O2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;2.71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;17.280\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 143px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4-methyl-Benzenemethanol\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e124\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC7H8O2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 18.94\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 18.110\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 143px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3-hydroxy-Nicotinicacid\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e263\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC16H25O2N\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;4.98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 18.936\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 143px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDecylesterBenzenemethanol\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e124\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC7H8O2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 18.57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 19.071\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 143px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4-hydroxy-2,4,6-cycloheptatrien-1-one\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e106\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC7H6O\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;4.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 19.901\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 143px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,3-benzenediol\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e124\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC7H8O2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 1.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;25.668\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 143px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2-methyl-4h-1,3-benzodioxin\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e212\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC14H12O2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;3.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;26.814\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 143px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2-phenyl-Benzenemethanol\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e124\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC7H8O2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 2.72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 27.024\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 143px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3-hydroxy-1,2-benzenediol\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e124\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC7H8O2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 5.83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;27.544\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 143px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4-methyl-7-chloro-1,3,4,10-tetrahydro-10-hydroxy-1-imino-3-[3-trifluoromethyl]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e406\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC20H14O2N2ClF3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 4.86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eNote: These compounds are representative phytochemicals detected by GC-MS responsible for reduction and capping of CuO nanoparticles\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.2\u0026nbsp;\u003cstrong\u003eFT-IR Analysis of cuo nanoparticles in leaf extract of \u003cem\u003egloriosa superba\u003c/em\u003e L.(Fig: 2)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026middot; FTIR spectrum showing the functional groups engaged in the stabilization of CuO nanoparticles.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable: 2 FT-IR spectral peak values and functional groups obtained for the CUO nanoparticles in leaf extract of \u003cem\u003eGloriosa superba\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(L).\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"586\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSL.NO\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFREQUENCY\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ecmˉ\u0026sup1;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eABSORPTION INTENSITY\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVIBRATION\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBAND ASSIGNMENT\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTYPES OF COMPOUNDS\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3349.75cmˉ\u0026sup1;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedium\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStretching\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN-H\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSecondary amine\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2974.66cmˉ\u0026sup1;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedium\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStretching\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC-H\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAlkane\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1651.73cmˉ\u0026sup1;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWeak\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStretching\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC=C\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAlkane\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1380.78cmˉ\u0026sup1;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWeak\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBending\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC-H\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAlkane\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1086.69cmˉ\u0026sup1;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedium\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStretching\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC-O\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAliphatic ether\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1044.26cmˉ\u0026sup1;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStrong\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStretching\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCO-O-CO\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAnhydride\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e879.381cmˉ\u0026sup1;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedium\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStretching\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC-Cl\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHalo compound\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUV-VISIBLE SPECTROPHOTOMETER ANALYSIS OF CUO NANOPARTICLES IN LEAF EXTRACT OF \u003cem\u003eGLORIOSA SUPERBA\u003c/em\u003e L.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe UV-Vis absorption spectra of the produced CuO nanoparticles revealed a typical absorption peak at 272nm, hence verifying their creation .Typically, the UV-Vis spectra of CuO nanoparticles produced from Gloriosa superba L. leaf extract reveals a large\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eabsorption peak centered at 272 nm, which relates to the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of CuO nanoparticles. Consistent with other observations where CuO NPs show absorption bands between 272\u0026ndash;287 nm, this peak verifies the creation of CuO nanoparticles. The width of the peak suggests size dispersion and potential agglomeration consequences. Schematic drawing: Wavelength, X-axis: 200\u0026ndash;800 nm Y-axis: Absorbance in arbitrary units Peak: Broad peak centered about 272 nm Understanding:The absorption peak at ~272 nm confirms the formation of CuOnanoparticles via phytochemic reduction.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable: 3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cimg 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\"\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSEM ANALYSIS OF CUO NANOPARTICLES IN LEAF EXTRACT OF \u003cem\u003eGLORIOSA SUPERBA\u003c/em\u003e L. (Fig: 4)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026middot; SEM scans showed spherical CuO nanoparticles averaging 20\u0026ndash;50 nm. The particle shape was consistent and the surface smooth with little aggregation, suggesting well-formed nanoparticles. SEM Image of CuONanoparticles \u0026nbsp;Caption: SEM picture depicting spherical CuO nanoparticles averaging 20\u0026ndash;50 nm in size.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEDX ANALYSIS OF CUO NANOPARTICLES IN LEAF EXTRACT OF \u003cem\u003eGLORIOSA SUPERBA\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003eL. (Fig: 5)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTEM ANALYSIS OF CUO NANOPARTICLES IN LEAF EXTRACT OF \u003cem\u003eGLORIOSA SUPERBA\u003c/em\u003e L\u003c/strong\u003e. (Fig: 6)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe TEM images \u0026nbsp;reveals well-dispersed spherical CuO nanoparticles ranging in size from 25 to 40 nm. Visible lattice fringes shown by high-resolution imaging verify the crystalline character of the nanoparticles.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eXRD analysis of cuo nanoparticles in leaf extract of \u003cem\u003eGloriosa superba\u003c/em\u003e L.( Fig: 7)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable: 5\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAntibacterial Activity\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cimg 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\"\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe disc diffusion technique was used to assess the antibacterial activity of CuO nanoparticles. Testing was done on three bacterial and fungal strains: \u003cem\u003eStaphylococcus aureus (G+) ,Escherichia coli (G-),\u0026nbsp;Pseudomonas aeruginosa (G-), Aspergillus flavus , Aspergillus niger, Penicillium\u003c/em\u003e . Discs loaded with CuO nanoparticles were set on the agar surface; the bacterial cultures were swabbed uniformly onto nutrient agar plates. The plates were kept at 37\u0026deg;C for 24 hours; the areas of inhibition were assessed in millimeters.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDisc diffusion method of antibacterial \u0026nbsp;activity.(Fig: 8)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSize of the zone of inhibition formed around each disc, loaded with test samples, indicating the antibacterial activity CuO \u0026nbsp;NPs using G. superba leaf extract.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable: 6 Antimicrobial Activity of CuO Nanoparticles Against leaf extract of \u003cem\u003eGloriosa superba L.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 173px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMicroorganism\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 173px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eZone of Inhibition (mm)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 188px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStandard Antibiotic (mm)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 173px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eEscherichia coli\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 173px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18 \u0026plusmn; 0.5 mm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 188px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20 \u0026plusmn; 0.3 mm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 173px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eStaphylococcus aureus\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 173px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22 \u0026plusmn; 0.3 mm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 188px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24 \u0026plusmn; 0.5 mm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 173px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePseudomonas aeruginosa\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 173px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17 \u0026plusmn; 0.3 mm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 188px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19 \u0026plusmn; 0.5 mm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 173px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep.vulgaris\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 173px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.1 \u0026plusmn; 0.5 mm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 188px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15 \u0026plusmn; 0.3 mm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 173px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003es.pneumonia\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 173px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.7 \u0026plusmn; 0.3 mm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 188px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16 \u0026plusmn; 0.5 mm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 173px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003es.dysenteriae\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 173px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.2 \u0026plusmn; 0.5 mm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 188px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17 \u0026plusmn; 0.3 mm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSummary Table of Sample Preparation and Instrument Settings\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 80px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTechnique\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 206px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSample Preparation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 203px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInstrument Settings\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 153px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 80px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUV-Vis\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 206px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisperse in water/ethanol, sonicate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 203px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eScan 200\u0026ndash;800 nm, quartz cuvette\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 153px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAvoid bubbles\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 80px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFT-IR\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 206px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKBr pellet or ATR with dry powder\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 203px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eScan 4000\u0026ndash;400 cm⁻\u0026sup1;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 153px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDry KBr, clean ATR crystal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 80px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eXRD\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 206px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFine powder on sample holder\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 203px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCu K\u0026alpha; radiation, 10\u0026deg;\u0026ndash;80\u0026deg; 2\u0026theta;, step 0.02\u0026deg;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 153px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePress powder flat\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 80px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSEM/EDX\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 206px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDeposit on conductive tape, sputter coat\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 203px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u0026ndash;20 kV accelerating voltage\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 153px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePrevent charging\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 80px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTEM\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 206px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisperse in ethanol, drop on carbon grid\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 203px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e200 kV accelerating voltage\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 153px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSonicate suspension\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eUsing aqueous extracts of Gloriosa superba L., which functions as a good reducing and stabilizing agent, the current work effectively shows the eco-friendly green synthesis of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles. The creation of highly crystalline, spherical CuO nanoparticles with notable stability and well-defined shape was validated by UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, and FTIR. The phytochemical study indicated that the production and capping of nanoparticles were significantly influenced by bioactive chemicals including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenolics, and saponins, hence improving their structural stability and bioactivity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;The antimicrobial tests unequivocally showed that the produced CuO nanoparticles significantly inhibited harmful microorganisms including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Especially, the green-synthesized CuO nanoparticles showed better antibacterial action than their chemically produced equivalents, suggesting that the phytochemical coating improves cellular absorption and more efficiently disturbs microbial cell membranes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;These results highlight the possibility of Gloriosa superba L.-mediated green synthesis as a sustainable and affordable way to manufacture CuO nanoparticles with improved biological characteristics. Moreover, by removing hazardous chemicals and reducing energy use, plant-based synthesis not only reduces environmental effect but also fits the ideas of green chemistry. Future studies might investigate the scalability of this technique and its relevance in environmental, agricultural, and biomedical sectors, hence supporting sustainable nanotechnology developments.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAnjum, Sumaira, et al. \u0026quot;Green Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Using \u003cem\u003ePunica granatum\u003c/em\u003e Peel Extract and Their Antimicrobial Activity.\u0026quot; \u003cem\u003eMaterials Research Express\u003c/em\u003e, vol. 6, no. 10, 2019, pp. 105409.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eArun, Jayshree, et al. \u0026quot;Biosynthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Using \u003cem\u003ePhyllanthus amarus\u003c/em\u003e Leaf Extract and Their Antibacterial Activity Against Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens.\u0026quot; \u003cem\u003eJournal of Microbiology and Biotechnology Research\u003c/em\u003e, vol. 5, no. 4, 2015, pp. 29\u0026ndash;34.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eBhattacharya, Rajan, and Saswati Mukherjee. \u0026quot;Biogenic Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Using \u003cem\u003ePsidium guajava\u003c/em\u003e Leaf Extract and Their Antimicrobial Activity.\u0026quot; \u003cem\u003eJournal of Environmental Chemical Engineering\u003c/em\u003e, vol. 3, no. 4, 2015, pp. 2113\u0026ndash;2119.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eChoudhary, Meenakshi, et al. \u0026quot;Green Synthesis and Characterization of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Using Aloe Vera Leaf Extract and Their Antimicrobial Activity.\u0026quot; \u003cem\u003eMaterials Today: Proceedings\u003c/em\u003e, vol. 28, 2020, pp. 1478\u0026ndash;1484.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eDas, Sourav, et al. \u0026quot;Green Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles Using \u003cem\u003eMoringa oleifera\u003c/em\u003e Leaf Extract and Their Antibacterial Activity Against \u003cem\u003eE. coli\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eS. aureus\u003c/em\u003e.\u0026quot; \u003cem\u003eJournal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research\u003c/em\u003e, vol. 6, no. 4, 2014, pp. 989\u0026ndash;993.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eDubey, Pawan, et al. \u0026quot;Green Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Using Leaf Extract of \u003cem\u003eMangifera indica\u003c/em\u003e and Evaluation of Their Antimicrobial Activity.\u0026quot; \u003cem\u003eJournal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology\u003c/em\u003e, vol. 14, no. 3, 2014, pp. 3006\u0026ndash;3012.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eElumalai, Kuppusamy, et al. \u0026quot;Green Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Using \u003cem\u003eLeucas aspera\u003c/em\u003e Leaf Extract and Their Antimicrobial Activity.\u0026quot; \u003cem\u003eMaterials Letters\u003c/em\u003e, vol. 147, 2015, pp. 101\u0026ndash;104.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eFatimah, Is. \u0026quot;Green Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Using Plant Extract as Reducing Agent.\u0026quot; \u003cem\u003eJournal of Advanced Research\u003c/em\u003e, vol. 7, no. 6, 2016, pp. 935\u0026ndash;940.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eGanesan, Vanitha, et al. \u0026quot;Green Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Using \u003cem\u003eCissus quadrangularis\u003c/em\u003e Extract and Their Antimicrobial Activity.\u0026quot; \u003cem\u003eMaterials Science and Engineering: C\u003c/em\u003e, vol. 68, 2016, pp. 329\u0026ndash;336.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eGhorbani, Hamid Reza. \u0026quot;Green Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles Using \u003cem\u003ePortulaca oleracea\u003c/em\u003e Extract and Their Antibacterial Properties.\u0026quot; \u003cem\u003eMaterials Letters\u003c/em\u003e, vol. 184, 2016, pp. 67\u0026ndash;70.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eGupta, Mahendra, et al. \u0026quot;Green Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Using \u003cem\u003eCymbopogon citratus\u003c/em\u003e and Their Antimicrobial Activity.\u0026quot; \u003cem\u003eMaterials Letters\u003c/em\u003e, vol. 161, 2015, pp. 275\u0026ndash;279.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eHariharan, R., et al. \u0026quot;Green Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Using \u003cem\u003eLantana camara\u003c/em\u003e Flower Extract and Their Antibacterial Activity.\u0026quot; \u003cem\u003eMaterials Research Bulletin\u003c/em\u003e, vol. 99, 2018, pp. 191\u0026ndash;196.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eHeera, Paramasivam, and Lakshmi Shanmugam. \u0026quot;Green Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles Using \u003cem\u003eCoriandrum sativum\u003c/em\u003e Leaf Extract and Their Antimicrobial Activity.\u0026quot; \u003cem\u003eInternational Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research\u003c/em\u003e, vol. 6, no. 7, 2015, pp. 1354\u0026ndash;1360.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eKarthik, Lakshmipathy, et al. \u0026quot;Green Synthesis of CuO Nanoparticles Using \u003cem\u003eSolanum nigrum\u003c/em\u003e and Their Antimicrobial Activity.\u0026quot; \u003cem\u003eMaterials Letters\u003c/em\u003e, vol. 144, 2015, pp. 62\u0026ndash;64.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eKavithaa, K., and S. Sundararaman. \u0026quot;Green Synthesis of CuO Nanoparticles Using \u003cem\u003eOcimum sanctum\u003c/em\u003e Leaf Extract and Their Antimicrobial Activity.\u0026quot; \u003cem\u003eAsian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research\u003c/em\u003e, vol. 7, no. 5, 2014, pp. 66\u0026ndash;70.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eKumar, Dharmendra, et al. \u0026quot;Green Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Using \u003cem\u003ePongamia pinnata\u003c/em\u003e Leaves Extract and Their Antibacterial Activity.\u0026quot; \u003cem\u003eJournal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics\u003c/em\u003e, vol. 29, no. 2, 2018, pp. 1765\u0026ndash;1772.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eMaity, D., et al. \u0026quot;Green Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Using \u003cem\u003eSyzygiumcumini\u003c/em\u003e Leaf Extract and Their Antibacterial Activity.\u0026quot; \u003cem\u003eMaterials Science and Engineering: C\u003c/em\u003e, vol. 85, 2018, pp. 14\u0026ndash;21.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eManjunath, Gurumurthy, et al. \u0026quot;Green Synthesis of CuO Nanoparticles Using \u003cem\u003eEcliptaprostrata\u003c/em\u003e Leaf Extract and Evaluation of Their Antibacterial Activity.\u0026quot; \u003cem\u003eMaterials Today: Proceedings\u003c/em\u003e, vol. 5, no. 1, 2018, pp. 2257\u0026ndash;2263.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eMittal, A., et al. \u0026quot;Green Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles Using \u003cem\u003eMentha arvensis\u003c/em\u003e and Their Antimicrobial Properties.\u0026quot; \u003cem\u003eMaterials Letters\u003c/em\u003e, vol. 128, 2014, pp. 96\u0026ndash;99.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eNarayanan, Kailash, et al. \u0026quot;Phytosynthesis of Copper Nanoparticles Using \u003cem\u003eAdhatodavasica\u003c/em\u003e and Their Antimicrobial Properties.\u0026quot; \u003cem\u003eJournal of Environmental Chemical Engineering\u003c/em\u003e, vol. 5, no. 4, 2017, pp. 3465\u0026ndash;3473.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eNasrollahzadeh, Mahmoud, et al. \u0026quot;Plant-Mediated Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles: Mechanisms, Characterization, and Applications.\u0026quot; \u003cem\u003eJournal of Environmental Management\u003c/em\u003e, vol. 181, 2016, pp. 214\u0026ndash;229.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eRamesh, Moorthi, et al. \u0026quot;Green Synthesis of CuO Nanoparticles Using \u003cem\u003eZiziphus jujuba\u003c/em\u003e Leaf Extract and Their Antibacterial Activity.\u0026quot; \u003cem\u003eJournal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry\u003c/em\u003e, vol. 42, 2016, pp. 107\u0026ndash;117.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eRani, L., et al. \u0026quot;Green Synthesis of CuO Nanoparticles Using \u003cem\u003eBrassica oleracea\u003c/em\u003e Extract and Their Antimicrobial Activity.\u0026quot; \u003cem\u003eEnvironmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring \u0026amp; Management\u003c/em\u003e, vol. 9, 2018, pp. 45\u0026ndash;51.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eSingh, Amanpreet, et al. \u0026quot;Green Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Using \u003cem\u003eAloe barbadensis\u003c/em\u003e Leaf Extract and Their Antimicrobial Activity.\u0026quot; \u003cem\u003eApplied Nanoscience\u003c/em\u003e, vol. 8, no. 1, 2018, pp. 102\u0026ndash;109.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"Annamalai University","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Green Synthesis, CuO Nanoparticles, Gloriosa superba, Phytochemical Analysis, Antimicrobial Activity, Nanobiotechnology","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6764786/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6764786/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe growing need for sustainable nanomaterials has sparked interest in the green production of nanoparticles, especially copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles, because of their encouraging antibacterial qualities and environmental friendliness. A plant recognized for its high phytochemical profile, Gloriosa superba L., was used to produce CuO nanoparticles by green synthesis utilizing water-based extracts. UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Gas chromatography \u0026ndash; mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to analyze the produced CuO nanoparticles. Three harmful bacteria Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, S.Pneumonia, P.Vulgaris,, S.Dysenteriae against which the nanoparticles' antibacterial ability was measured. The findings show that the CuO nanoparticles showed very strong antibacterial action against S. aureus, hence stressing its possible use as an eco-friendly substitute for synthetic antimicrobial chemicals.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Green Synthesis of Cuo Nanoparticles Using Gloriosa Superba L. Extract by Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Applications","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-06-02 11:55:51","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6764786/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"2b6999cc-e61a-47d5-a439-f0012b21532d","owner":[],"postedDate":"June 2nd, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":49260383,"name":"General Microbiology"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-06-02T11:55:51+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-06-02 11:55:51","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6764786","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6764786","identity":"rs-6764786","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}