Cam morphology in Japanese adolescent male football player: a prospective study with 3-year follow-up

Cam morphology in Japanese adolescent male football player: a prospective study with 3-year follow-up | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Cam morphology in Japanese adolescent male football player: a prospective study with 3-year follow-up Ryota Yamamoto, Wataru Sakamaki, Toshiharu Tsutsui, Suguru Torii This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9584424/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 6 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background Cam morphology developed during adolescent increases the risk of hip osteoarthritis by 4.3-6.2-fold over 5 and 10 years. Although cam morphology are believed to occur during the growth period, when significant physical changes take place, no studies have examined the relationship with physical maturation indicators. Aim The aim of this study was twofold: (1) to examine the prevalence of cam morphology in Japanese adolescent football players.; (2) to investigate if cam morphology development is associated with peak height velocity age(PHVA) status. Methods Football school players (n = 47) participated in this prospective 3-year follow-up study (baseline 11–14 years). Anterior views were obtained by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanning. Cam morphology on these time points was defined as: (A) visual scores of the anterior head-neck junction, classified as: (1) normal, (2) flattening, and (3) prominence. We calculated the years from age at PHV of each participant by subtracting the chronological age from the age at PHV to determine the period until the peak of growth. Results Cam morphology based on visual scores was found in 79 of 94 hips(84.0%, 39 kicking leg, 40 shaft leg)at in 2-year follow-up. non-association between cam morphology development based on visual scores and PHVA status (OR: 0.08, 95%CI -0.21 to 0.42, p < 0.517). CONCLUSION Although cam morphology has been reported to be less prevalent in East Asian football players, we found a high prevalence (80%) in adolescent Japanese football players, and its development was observed both before and after peak height velocity age (PHVA). Adolescent football player cam morphology pincer morphology dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 INTORODUCTION Cam morphology prevalence is known to be increased by participation in high-impact sports such as soccer [ 1 ]. Important factors related to hip morphology have been reported to include not only sports participation, but also genetic influences and loading history(sports activity history etc.)caused by cultural/habitual factors [ 2 ]. Longitudinal studies have shown that cam morphology developed during adolescent increases the risk of hip osteoarthritis by 4.3-6.2-fold over 5 and 10 years [ 3 ] [ 4 ]. It is also reported to increase the risk of groin pain by a factor of 5-fold [ 5 ]. Therefore, preventing the development of cam form is a very important problem for athletes. The study of cam morphology prevalence by ethnic among male professional soccer players found that East Asians had significantly lower prevalence rates, with 66.6% of whites, 63.6% of blacks, and 49.2% of East Asians, and East Asians had a 0% prevalence of the prominent cam morphology [ 6 ]. However, the East Asians in the cohort in this study are neither a large sample size nor a uniform level of activity during growth, so the prevalence of cam morphology in East Asians is may not small. A previous study demonstrated that acetabular coverage was significantly smaller in Japanese individuals than in British individuals. [ 7 ]. Another study reported acetabular coverage in Koreans, suggesting that Japanese hip morphology is distinct even among closely related ethnic groups. [ 8 ]. Furthermore, acetabular dysplasia has been reported to be a risk factor for premature closure of the femoral head growth plate during growth [ 9 ], and the timing of cam morphology in Japanese patients may differ from previous reports. Therefore, in Japanese individuals, who exhibit distinct pelvic morphology even within East Asian populations, reduced acetabular coverage may constitute a risk factor for cam morphology; however, this association has not yet been investigated in growing male Japanese football players. The primary aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of cam morphology in Japanese soccer players, in line with previous research. However, to appropriately interpret such longitudinal changes, it is essential to consider the timing of cam morphology development in relation to skeletal growth and maturation. In growing footballers, cam morphology is first visible at the age of 10–12 years and gradually increases with skeletal growth [ 10 ]. On the other hand, age is not considered a sufficient indicator, as there are significant differences in height, weight and timing of growth plate closure during adolescence [ 11 ] [ 12 ]. In contrast, peak height velocity age (PHVA) can be an indicator of an individual's developmental tempo and is therefore useful for estimating maturity and examining morphological changes in bone [ 11 ]. Osgood-Schlatter disease, which coincides with the age of onset of cam morphology in terms of causing bone deformity, has been studied in PHVA [ 12 ] [ 13 ]. Osgood-Schlatter disease has been reported to increase the risk by a factor of 2.29 in the 6 months before and after PHVA and to cause marked deformity of the bony prominences [ 13 ]. Thus, if the association between PHVA and bone deformity is proven, there is a great advantage in that individual preventive measures can be taken on the sports field as the body matures. However, no association between PHVA and cam morphology has ever been demonstrated. The aim of this study was to investigate the timing of cam morphology in Japanese male football players over a three-year period using age and PHVA. An important study of how Cam morphology emerges from lifestyle and genetic factors by looking beyond race and on a national basis. METHODS Participants The team to which the participant belongs practices five times a week at a football school in Tokyo. A total of three hip morphometry measurements were performed every May from November 2022 to 2024, with 57 participants (114 hips). Exclusion criteria were hip disorder [10] and Missing data, including height history data. 10 people participated in the three measurements, but there was missing data. Demographic data is presented in table 1. The age at baseline of the analyzed footballers was between 11 and 14 years. Written informed consent was obtained from participants before taking part in the study. The study was approved by the ethics committee of Waseda University (2021-218). *****(Table1 here) ***** Imaging the hip Frontal view of bilateral hip joints was acquired using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanning (Hologic; Horizon-QDR). The measurement posture was supine, with the pelvis parallel to the measurement table and the feet fixed in the manufacturer's default fixation device so that the hip joint was in internal rotation (15°). Cam morphology has been determined by X-ray images [10] [14] , but previous studies have shown that DXA images are also sufficient to determine hip morphology [15].In addition, previous studies, including our own, have demonstrated that dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) imaging provides a valid approach for assessing hip morphology across different age groups and sports type [16] [17]. One of the main advantages of hip DXA images is the lower radiation burden of 0.36–70 µSv compared to hip or pelvic radiographs with an effective dose of 600–700 µSv [15]. Quantification of Morphology α-angle is often used to quantify cam morphology but is said to be difficult to assess because the growing femoral head is oval rather than circular. Accordingly, we followed the methods of Agricola et al. (2014) and Van et al. (2019) who used visual scores to assess cam morphology [18] [14]. Cam morphology has been identified as potential risk factors for osteoarthritis, and statistical methods have visually revealed risk morphology [3], but there appears to be no discrepancy between these forms and the visual assessment used. Cam morphology was therefore assessed using the visual scores and definition of cam morphology of previous study [14]. Visual scores and definition of cam morphology 0. Normal: slight symmetric concavities of the anterior head-neck junction with respect to the posterior head-neck junction. 1. Flattening: moderate decrease in the anterior head-neck offset with respect to the posterior head-neck junction. 2. Prominence: convexity in the anterior head-neck junction, as opposed to concavity. The intraobserver reliability of visual scores at baseline with experienced orthopaedic surgeons showed Kappa of 0.88. Cam morphological development was defined as an increase in visual scores. As shown in figure 3, cam morphology development was assessed by pairwise comparisons between baseline and 1-year follow-up, and baseline and 2-year follow-up. PHVA PHVA was evaluated using the AUXAL3.1 program (Scientific Software International Inc) using height records from 6 years of age until the height measurement in this study. Then, we calculated the years from age at PHV of each participant by subtracting the chronological age from the age at PHV to determine the period until the peak of growth [19]. Statistics Participant baseline to 1 and 2-year characteristics is presented as mean ± standard deviation. Cam morphological prevalence was described separately for the kicking leg and the shaft leg in football. Development of cam morphology is analyzed blinded on hips of participants who attended at least two time points. Cam morphology development was analysed visual score in 294 hip images, which included repeated measurements. The association between before and after PHVA and cam morphology development was calculated by means of logistic regression, by using logistic regression in a ‘Generalized Estimated Equations’ model. The statistical evaluation was performed using SPSS V.27.0 (Windows). RESULTS Cam morphology prevalence Prevalence by Visual score during follow-up is shown in figure 1. Cam morphology based on visual scores was found in 50 of 94 hips（53.2%, 21 kicking leg, 29 shaft leg）at baseline, in 78 of 94 hips（83.0%, 39 kicking leg, 38 shaft leg）at 1-year follow-up and in 79 of 94 hips（84.0%, 39 kicking leg, 40 shaft leg）at in 2-year follow-up. *****(Figure 1 here)***** PHVA status In total, 27 of 47 (57.4%) PHVA were not to be exceeded at baseline, 15 of 47 (31.9%) at 1-year follow-up and 3 of 47 (6.0%) at 2-year follow-up. Association between cam morphology development and PHVA Changes in Visual score against month of age and PHVA are shown in figure 2. Cam morphology development based on visual scores was observed in 37 of 94（39.4 %, 22 kicking leg, 15 shaft leg）hips at baseline to 1-year and 53 of 94（56.4%, 31 kicking leg, 22 shaft leg）hips at 1-year to 2-year. Of these 90 hips, 35 had development from normal to flattening and from flattening to prominence during follow-up. Of these 90 hips, 18 had not exceeded and 72 had exceeded PHVA. This resulted in a non-association between cam morphology development based on visual scores and PHVA status (OR: 0.08, 95%CI -0.21 to 0.42, p<0.517), as portrayed in figure 3. *****(Figure 2; Figure3 here) ***** DISSCUSSION Owing to the prospective design, we were able to longitudinally investigate the development of cam morphology throughout adolescence with sufficient follow-up. This study suggests a high prevalence of cam morphology in Japanese male football players, representing an East Asian population in whom its prevalence has not been fully characterized. Furthermore, using peak height velocity age (PHVA), no apparent association with skeletal development was observed. We also believe that the use of DXA in the follow-up of cam morphology can be much less invasive for the participants than exposure to CT or X-rays [10] [14]. Prevalence cam morphology of Japanese （ East Asian ） football player This is the first study to report the prevalence of cam morphology in growing Japanese football players, suggesting a higher-than-expected prevalence in an East Asian population[6].Although previous studies have primarily assessed cam morphology is using the α-angle to assess cam morphology [6], α-angle-based and visual scoring assessments have been shown to produce broadly comparable results [10]. Therefore, the results of this study cloud be comparable to those obtained using α-angle–based measurements. It was also found that the prevalence of cam morphology in growing elite male footballers reported to date is generally comparable to that observed in the present study. Cam morphology development factors include internal factors such as hip morphology, and environmental factors such as participation in high-intensity sporting activity. Football, in which the subjects in this study participate, is known to be the activity with the highest prevalence of cam morphology [1], and may be one factor contributing to the higher prevalence. However, previous studies have demonstrated that the prevalence of cam morphology in adolescent soccer players is similar to that in adolescent runners [17]. In general, the prevalence of cam morphology in runners outside Japan is lower than that in soccer players, and is reported to be 10–19%, comparable to that observed in non-athletic populations [1]. Taken together, these findings suggest that, in Japan, the development of cam morphology may be influenced not only by environmental factors discussed in previous studies but also substantially by intrinsic factors. Internal factors specific to the Japanese population contributing to cam morphology development The development of cam morphology is thought to be caused by mechanical loading during physical activity in the growth period, when the growth plate is present, leading to alterations in the orientation of the growth plate [20] [14]. Although it is considered important to implement sports activities with consideration of skeletal development during growth, previous studies have suggested that a reduced acetabular width, analogous to acetabular dysplasia, may also be a significant factor increasing mechanical loading at the femoral head–neck junction [21]. A study comparing children with acetabular dysplasia and those with normal hips demonstrated that intra-articular pressure was approximately twofold higher in the dysplasia group than in the normal group [22]. The prevalence of acetabular dysplasia is higher in Japan than in other countries, and it is well known that the Japanese population is characterized by a relatively reduced acetabular width [7] [8]. Therefore, the high prevalence of cam morphology in Japan, compared with other East Asian populations, may be attributable to differences in acetabular morphology related to ethnic variation. These findings indicate that longitudinal studies in non-athletic populations in Japan are also needed. No association between PHVA and cam morphology development PHVA is defined as the age at which the rate of height growth reaches its maximum during adolescence. Pre-PHVA corresponds to a stage in which the growth plate remains widely open, while circa-PHVA represents a period of rapid skeletal maturation. Post-PHVA is characterized by progression toward growth plate closure [23]. These findings suggest no association between PHVA and the presence of cam morphology, indicating that its development may not depend solely on changes in the growth plate and may occur at any time while the growth plate remains open. In fact, cam morphology was already observed at the youngest age at follow-up (11-years), and a small number of cases also developed after growth plate closure[9]. Taken together with previous studies, our findings suggest that cam morphology may not be limited to development during growth. Therefore, the period during which the growth plate remains open may represent a critical window for cam morphology development. Timing of cam morphology development in the Japanese population Comparison of the timing of cam morphology development in the present study with reports from Western populations revealed that the period of increasing prevalence was largely consistent [10]. Comparisons between studies reporting growth patterns in Western populations and those examining skeletal development in Japan indicate that the timing of peak increases in bone and muscle mass, both at the whole-body level and in the upper and lower limbs, shows similar trends [24] [25]. Although direct ethnic differences cannot be determined due to comparisons across separate studies, the absence of substantial differences in growth patterns suggests that the timing of increases in cam morphology prevalence may also be similar. In summary, these findings suggest that differences in growth and development are less likely to account for the higher prevalence of cam morphology in Japan than differences in bone morphology related to ethnic variation. Limitation Several limitations of this study should be acknowledged. First, the primary analysis did not include a control group other than soccer players. Therefore, direct and definitive comparisons of hip morphology with the general population are limited. This limitation may affect the interpretation of the high prevalence observed in this study, as well as hypotheses regarding potential population-specific factors. Future studies including appropriate control groups are needed to validate these findings and clarify the underlying mechanisms. Second, DXA images, due to their two-dimensional nature, may not always capture the site of maximum deformation. In particular, both anteroposterior and lateral views are recommended for the evaluation of pincer morphology. In contrast, CT and MRI provide three-dimensional assessments and may offer a more comprehensive evaluation of hip morphology. Third, although the interobserver reliability of the visual scoring system was high (κ = 0.88), it may still have influenced the classification of cam and pincer morphology, and the findings should therefore be interpreted with caution. CONCLUSION Although cam morphology has been reported to be less prevalent in East Asian football players, we found a high prevalence (80%) in adolescent Japanese football players, and its development was observed both before and after peak height velocity age (PHVA). Declarations Acknowledgements Not applicable. Authors’ contributions Ryota Yamamoto, Wataru Sakamaki, Toshiharu Tsutsui, and Suguru Torii contributed to data collection, analysis, and interpretation. Ryota Yamamoto, Toshiharu Tsutsui, and Suguru Torii contributed to the writing of the manuscript. Ryota Yamamoto, Toshiharu Tsutsui, and Suguru Torii contributed to the critical revision of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript and consented to the submission of the final version. Funding This work was supported by JST SPRING, Grant Number JPMJSP2128. Data availability All data supporting the findings of this study are available within the paper. Ethics approval and consent to participate The study was approved by the ethics committee of Waseda University (2021-218). All participants or their legal guardians provided online informed consent prior to completing the questionnaire. The collected data were anonymized to ensure confidentiality. Consent for publication Not applicable. Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests. References Doran, C., et al., Does the Type of Sport Influence Morphology of the Hip? A Systematic Review. Am J Sports Med, 2022. 50 (6): p. 1727-1741. Morris, W.Z., et al., Origin of Cam Morphology in Femoroacetabular Impingement. Am J Sports Med, 2018. 46 (2): p. 478-486. Tang, J., et al., The different subtypes of cam morphology as defined by statistical shape modeling and their relationship with the development of hip osteoarthritis: A nationwide prospective cohort study (CHECK) with 10 years follow-up. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 2024. 32 (12): p. 1647-1654. Tang, J., et al., Cam morphology is strongly and consistently associated with development of radiographic hip osteoarthritis throughout 4 follow-up visits within 10 years. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 2023. 31 (12): p. 1650-1656. Short, S.M., C.W. MacDonald, and D. Strack, Hip and Groin Injury Prevention in Elite Athletes and Team Sport - Current Challenges and Opportunities. Int J Sports Phys Ther, 2021. 16 (1): p. 270-281. Mosler, A.B., et al., Ethnic Differences in Bony Hip Morphology in a Cohort of 445 Professional Male Soccer Players. Am J Sports Med, 2016. 44 (11): p. 2967-2974. Yoshimura, N., et al., Acetabular dysplasia and hip osteoarthritis in Britain and Japan. Br J Rheumatol, 1998. 37 (11): p. 1193-7. Lim, C., et al., Differences in Acetabular Morphology Related to Sex and Side in South Korean Population. Clin Orthop Surg, 2022. 14 (4): p. 486-492. Ren, N., et al., Effect of hip dysplasia on the development of the femoral head growth plate. Front Pediatr, 2023. 11 : p. 1247455. Agricola, R., et al., A cam deformity is gradually acquired during skeletal maturation in adolescent and young male soccer players: a prospective study with minimum 2-year follow-up. Am J Sports Med, 2014. 42 (4): p. 798-806. Malina, R.M., et al., Biological maturation of youth athletes: assessment and implications. Br J Sports Med, 2015. 49 (13): p. 852-9. Takei, S., et al., Developmental stage and lower quadriceps flexibilities and decreased gastrocnemius flexibilities are predictive risk factors for developing Osgood-Schlatter disease in adolescent male soccer players. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2023. 31 (8): p. 3330-3338. Monasterio, X., et al., The burden of injuries according to maturity status and timing: A two-decade study with 110 growth curves in an elite football academy. 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Tsutsui, T., et al., Risk Factors for Symptomatic Bilateral Lumbar Bone Stress Injury in Adolescent Soccer Players: A Prospective Cohort Study. Am J Sports Med, 2023. 51 (3): p. 707-714. Pettit, M., et al., How does the cam morphology develop in athletes? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 2021. 29 (8): p. 1117-1129. Heerey, J., et al., Cam morphology and the development of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome and hip osteoarthritis. Nature Reviews Rheumatology, 2026. 22 (3): p. 199-212. Incze-Bartha, Z., et al., Finite Element Analysis of Normal and Dysplastic Hip Joints in Children. J Pers Med, 2023. 13 (11). Satoh, M., Bone age: assessment methods and clinical applications. Clin Pediatr Endocrinol, 2015. 24 (4): p. 143-52. Rauch, F., et al., The 'muscle-bone unit' during the pubertal growth spurt. Bone, 2004. 34 (5): p. 771-5. Torii, S., S. Iwanuma, and S. Iizuka, The timing of peak velocity of height, lean mass and bone mass in healthy Japanese male junior high school students. Japan Journal of Human Growth and Development Researc, 2016. 70 : p. 6. Table Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Reviews received at journal 09 May, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 08 May, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 06 May, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 04 May, 2026 Submission checks completed at journal 04 May, 2026 First submitted to journal 01 May, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9584424","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":638082237,"identity":"18555588-2c14-4760-a497-d77d4d16f29b","order_by":0,"name":"Ryota Yamamoto","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"Waseda University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ryota","middleName":"","lastName":"Yamamoto","suffix":""},{"id":638082238,"identity":"e79a9dd1-d735-404b-a736-5e8e9dfacbe1","order_by":1,"name":"Wataru Sakamaki","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Waseda University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Wataru","middleName":"","lastName":"Sakamaki","suffix":""},{"id":638082239,"identity":"e0642658-11eb-49ef-bad1-4c92249fd63c","order_by":2,"name":"Toshiharu Tsutsui","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Waseda University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Toshiharu","middleName":"","lastName":"Tsutsui","suffix":""},{"id":638082241,"identity":"21ebb228-31c9-42c5-bef9-d2752ba432ef","order_by":3,"name":"Suguru Torii","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Waseda University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Suguru","middleName":"","lastName":"Torii","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-05-01 09:08:14","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9584424/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9584424/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":109303043,"identity":"a9d9ca0e-e7a6-4704-95c5-da1e8686711a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-05-15 09:39:21","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":97326,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003ePrevalence of cam morphological development based on visual scores. In both (A) and (B) there is a decreasing trend in Normal and an increasing trend in Prominace as the follow-up progresses.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9584424/v1/f73121778a0d31102728e277.png"},{"id":109303032,"identity":"5389f498-43db-4535-9201-584738689dd7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-05-15 09:39:19","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":286857,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eCam morphology development at age and PHVA. In (A) and (B) an increase in visual scores is observed between the ages of 12 and 15 years. In (C) and (D), an increase in visual scores was observed before and after PHVA, but the distribution was more variable after PHVA\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9584424/v1/b40112b5948da4a568d07a66.png"},{"id":109303166,"identity":"bf9eb0cb-d489-49d3-a702-c4652a736517","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-05-15 09:39:45","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":644127,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eCam morphological development based on visual scores. Case 1; Cases that developed into Cam morphology before PHVA by DXA image. Case 2; Case that developed into Cam morphology before and after PHVA by DXA image. Case 3; case that developed into Cam morphology after PHVA by DXA image. Case 4; Cases that developed prominently after PHVA by DXA image.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9584424/v1/dcfab477ce0520dededdf68a.png"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Cam morphology in Japanese adolescent male football player: a prospective study with 3-year follow-up","fulltext":[{"header":"INTORODUCTION","content":"\u003cp\u003eCam morphology prevalence is known to be increased by participation in high-impact sports such as soccer [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e]. Important factors related to hip morphology have been reported to include not only sports participation, but also genetic influences and loading history(sports activity history etc.)caused by cultural/habitual factors [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e]. Longitudinal studies have shown that cam morphology developed during adolescent increases the risk of hip osteoarthritis by 4.3-6.2-fold over 5 and 10 years [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e] [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e]. It is also reported to increase the risk of groin pain by a factor of 5-fold [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]. Therefore, preventing the development of cam form is a very important problem for athletes.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe study of cam morphology prevalence by ethnic among male professional soccer players found that East Asians had significantly lower prevalence rates, with 66.6% of whites, 63.6% of blacks, and 49.2% of East Asians, and East Asians had a 0% prevalence of the prominent cam morphology [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e]. However, the East Asians in the cohort in this study are neither a large sample size nor a uniform level of activity during growth, so the prevalence of cam morphology in East Asians is may not small. A previous study demonstrated that acetabular coverage was significantly smaller in Japanese individuals than in British individuals. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e]. Another study reported acetabular coverage in Koreans, suggesting that Japanese hip morphology is distinct even among closely related ethnic groups. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e]. Furthermore, acetabular dysplasia has been reported to be a risk factor for premature closure of the femoral head growth plate during growth [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e], and the timing of cam morphology in Japanese patients may differ from previous reports. Therefore, in Japanese individuals, who exhibit distinct pelvic morphology even within East Asian populations, reduced acetabular coverage may constitute a risk factor for cam morphology; however, this association has not yet been investigated in growing male Japanese football players. The primary aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of cam morphology in Japanese soccer players, in line with previous research. However, to appropriately interpret such longitudinal changes, it is essential to consider the timing of cam morphology development in relation to skeletal growth and maturation.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn growing footballers, cam morphology is first visible at the age of 10\u0026ndash;12 years and gradually increases with skeletal growth [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e]. On the other hand, age is not considered a sufficient indicator, as there are significant differences in height, weight and timing of growth plate closure during adolescence [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e] [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e]. In contrast, peak height velocity age (PHVA) can be an indicator of an individual's developmental tempo and is therefore useful for estimating maturity and examining morphological changes in bone [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e]. Osgood-Schlatter disease, which coincides with the age of onset of cam morphology in terms of causing bone deformity, has been studied in PHVA [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e] [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e]. Osgood-Schlatter disease has been reported to increase the risk by a factor of 2.29 in the 6 months before and after PHVA and to cause marked deformity of the bony prominences [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e]. Thus, if the association between PHVA and bone deformity is proven, there is a great advantage in that individual preventive measures can be taken on the sports field as the body matures. However, no association between PHVA and cam morphology has ever been demonstrated.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe aim of this study was to investigate the timing of cam morphology in Japanese male football players over a three-year period using age and PHVA. An important study of how Cam morphology emerges from lifestyle and genetic factors by looking beyond race and on a national basis.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"METHODS","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eParticipants\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe team to which the participant belongs practices five times a week at a football school in Tokyo.\u0026nbsp;A total of three hip morphometry measurements were performed every May from November 2022 to 2024, with 57 participants (114 hips).\u0026nbsp;Exclusion criteria were hip disorder [10] and Missing data, including height history data. 10 people participated in the three measurements, but there was missing data.\u0026nbsp;Demographic data is presented in table 1. The age at baseline of the analyzed footballers was between 11 and 14 years.\u0026nbsp;Written informed consent was obtained from participants before taking part in the study. The study was approved by the ethics committee of Waseda University (2021-218).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e*****(Table1 here) *****\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eImaging the hip\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFrontal view of bilateral hip joints was acquired using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanning (Hologic; Horizon-QDR). The measurement posture was supine, with the pelvis parallel to the measurement table and the feet fixed in the\u0026nbsp;manufacturer\u0026apos;s default fixation device\u0026nbsp;so that the hip joint was in internal rotation (15\u0026deg;).\u0026nbsp;Cam morphology has been determined by X-ray images [10] [14] , but previous studies have shown that DXA images are also sufficient to determine hip morphology [15].In addition, previous studies, including our own, have demonstrated that dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) imaging provides a valid approach for assessing hip morphology across different age groups and sports type\u0026nbsp;[16] [17].\u0026nbsp;One of the main advantages of hip DXA images is the lower radiation burden of 0.36\u0026ndash;70 \u0026micro;Sv compared to hip or pelvic radiographs with an effective dose of 600\u0026ndash;700 \u0026micro;Sv [15].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eQuantification of Morphology\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026alpha;-angle is often used to quantify cam morphology but is said to be difficult to assess because the growing femoral head is oval rather than circular. Accordingly, we followed the methods of Agricola et al. (2014) and Van et al. (2019) who used visual scores to assess cam morphology [18] [14]. \u0026nbsp;Cam morphology has been identified as potential risk factors for osteoarthritis, and statistical methods have visually revealed risk morphology [3], but there appears to be no discrepancy between these forms and the visual assessment used.\u0026nbsp;Cam morphology was therefore assessed using the visual scores and definition of cam morphology of previous study [14].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVisual scores and definition of cam morphology\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0. Normal: slight symmetric concavities of the anterior head-neck junction with respect to the posterior head-neck junction.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1. Flattening: moderate decrease in the anterior head-neck offset with respect to the posterior head-neck junction.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2. Prominence: convexity in the anterior head-neck junction, as opposed to concavity.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe intraobserver reliability of visual scores at baseline with experienced orthopaedic\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003esurgeons showed Kappa of 0.88. Cam morphological development was defined as an increase in visual scores. As shown in figure 3, cam morphology development was assessed by pairwise comparisons between baseline and 1-year follow-up, and baseline and 2-year follow-up.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePHVA\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePHVA was evaluated using the AUXAL3.1 program (Scientific Software International Inc) using height records from 6 years of age until the height measurement in this study. Then, we calculated the years from age at PHV of each participant by subtracting the chronological age from the age at PHV to determine the period until the peak of growth\u0026nbsp;[19].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStatistics\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eParticipant baseline to 1 and 2-year characteristics is presented as mean \u0026plusmn; standard deviation. Cam morphological prevalence was described separately for the kicking leg and the shaft leg in football. Development of cam morphology is analyzed blinded on hips of participants who attended at least two time points. Cam morphology development was analysed visual score in 294 hip images, which included repeated measurements. The association between before and after PHVA and cam morphology development was calculated by means of logistic regression, by using logistic regression in a \u0026lsquo;Generalized Estimated Equations\u0026rsquo; model. \u0026nbsp;The statistical evaluation was performed using SPSS V.27.0 (Windows). \u003cstrong\u003e\u003cbr clear=\"all\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"RESULTS","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCam morphology prevalence\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrevalence by Visual score during follow-up is shown in figure 1. Cam morphology based on visual scores was found in 50 of 94 hips（53.2%, 21 kicking leg, 29 shaft leg）at baseline, in 78 of 94 hips（83.0%, 39 kicking leg, 38 shaft leg）at 1-year follow-up and in 79 of 94 hips（84.0%, 39 kicking leg, 40 shaft leg）at in 2-year follow-up. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e*****(Figure 1 here)*****\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePHVA status\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn total, 27 of 47 (57.4%) PHVA were not to be exceeded at baseline, 15 of 47 (31.9%) at 1-year follow-up and 3 of 47 (6.0%) at 2-year follow-up.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAssociation between cam morphology development and PHVA\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChanges in Visual score against month of age and PHVA are shown in figure 2. Cam morphology development based on visual scores was observed in 37 of 94（39.4 %, 22 kicking leg, 15 shaft leg）hips at baseline to 1-year and 53 of 94（56.4%, 31 kicking leg, 22 shaft leg）hips at 1-year to 2-year. Of these 90 hips, 35 had development from normal to flattening and from flattening to prominence during follow-up. Of these 90 hips, 18 had not exceeded and 72 had exceeded PHVA. This resulted in a non-association between cam morphology development based on visual scores and PHVA status (OR: 0.08, 95%CI -0.21 to 0.42, p\u0026lt;0.517), as portrayed in figure 3. \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e*****(Figure 2; Figure3 here) *****\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cbr clear=\"all\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"DISSCUSSION","content":"\u003cp\u003eOwing to the prospective design, we were able to longitudinally investigate the development of cam morphology throughout adolescence with sufficient follow-up.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study suggests a high prevalence of cam morphology in Japanese male football players, representing an East Asian population in whom its prevalence has not been fully characterized. Furthermore, using peak height velocity age (PHVA), no apparent association with skeletal development was observed. We also believe that the use of DXA in the follow-up of cam morphology can be much less invasive for the participants than exposure to CT or X-rays \u0026nbsp;[10] [14].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePrevalence cam morphology of Japanese\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e（\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEast Asian\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e）\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003efootball player\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis is the first study to report the prevalence of cam morphology in growing Japanese football players, suggesting a higher-than-expected prevalence in an East Asian population[6].Although previous studies have primarily assessed cam morphology is using the\u0026nbsp;α-angle to assess cam morphology [6],\u0026nbsp;α-angle-based and visual scoring assessments have been shown to produce broadly comparable results [10].\u0026nbsp;Therefore, the results of this study cloud be comparable to those obtained using α-angle–based measurements. It was also found that the prevalence of cam morphology in growing elite male footballers reported to date is generally comparable to that observed in the present study. Cam morphology development factors include internal factors such as hip morphology, and environmental factors such as participation in high-intensity sporting activity. Football, in which the subjects in this study participate, is known to be the activity with the highest prevalence of cam morphology\u0026nbsp;[1], and may be one factor contributing to the higher prevalence. However,\u0026nbsp;previous studies have demonstrated that the prevalence of cam morphology in adolescent soccer players is similar to that in adolescent runners [17].\u0026nbsp;In general, the prevalence of cam morphology in runners outside Japan is lower than that in soccer players, and is reported to be 10–19%, comparable to that observed in non-athletic populations [1]. Taken together, these findings suggest that, in Japan, the development of cam morphology may be influenced not only by environmental factors discussed in previous studies but also substantially by intrinsic factors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInternal factors specific to the Japanese population contributing to cam morphology development\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe development of cam morphology is thought to be caused by mechanical loading during physical activity in the growth period, when the growth plate is present, leading to alterations in the orientation of the growth plate [20] [14]. Although it is considered important to implement sports activities with consideration of skeletal development during growth, previous studies have suggested that a reduced acetabular width, analogous to acetabular dysplasia, may also be a significant factor increasing mechanical loading at the femoral head–neck junction [21]. A study comparing children with acetabular dysplasia and those with normal hips demonstrated that intra-articular pressure was approximately twofold higher in the dysplasia group than in the normal group [22]. The prevalence of acetabular dysplasia is higher in Japan than in other countries, and it is well known that the Japanese population is characterized by a relatively reduced acetabular width [7] [8]. Therefore, the high prevalence of cam morphology in Japan, compared with other East Asian populations, may be attributable to differences in acetabular morphology related to ethnic variation. These findings indicate that longitudinal studies in non-athletic populations in Japan are also needed.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNo association between PHVA and cam morphology development\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePHVA\u0026nbsp;is defined as the age at which the rate of height growth reaches its maximum during adolescence. Pre-PHVA corresponds to a stage in which the growth plate remains widely open, while circa-PHVA represents a period of rapid skeletal maturation. Post-PHVA is characterized by progression toward growth plate closure [23]. These findings suggest no association between PHVA and the presence of cam morphology, indicating that its development may not depend solely on changes in the growth plate and may occur at any time while the growth plate remains open. In fact, cam morphology was already observed at the youngest age at follow-up (11-years), and a small number of cases also developed after growth plate closure[9]. Taken together with previous studies, our findings suggest that cam morphology may not be limited to development during growth. Therefore, the period during which the growth plate remains open may represent a critical window for cam morphology development.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTiming of cam morphology development in the Japanese population\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eComparison of the timing of cam morphology development in the present study with reports from Western populations revealed that the period of increasing prevalence was largely consistent [10]. Comparisons between studies reporting growth patterns in Western populations and those examining skeletal development in Japan indicate that the timing of peak increases in bone and muscle mass, both at the whole-body level and in the upper and lower limbs, shows similar trends [24] [25]. Although direct ethnic differences cannot be determined due to comparisons across separate studies, the absence of substantial differences in growth patterns suggests that the timing of increases in cam morphology prevalence may also be similar. In summary, these findings suggest that differences in growth and development are less likely to account for the higher prevalence of cam morphology in Japan than differences in bone morphology related to ethnic variation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLimitation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSeveral limitations of this study should be acknowledged. First, the primary analysis did not include a control group other than soccer players. Therefore, direct and definitive comparisons of hip morphology with the general population are limited. This limitation may affect the interpretation of the high prevalence observed in this study, as well as hypotheses regarding potential population-specific factors. Future studies including appropriate control groups are needed to validate these findings and clarify the underlying mechanisms. Second, DXA images, due to their two-dimensional nature, may not always capture the site of maximum deformation. In particular, both anteroposterior and lateral views are recommended for the evaluation of pincer morphology. In contrast, CT and MRI provide three-dimensional assessments and may offer a more comprehensive evaluation of hip morphology. Third, although the interobserver reliability of the visual scoring system was high (κ = 0.88), it may still have influenced the classification of cam and pincer morphology, and the findings should therefore be interpreted with caution.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"CONCLUSION","content":"\u003cp\u003eAlthough cam morphology has been reported to be less prevalent in East Asian football players, we found a high prevalence (80%) in adolescent Japanese football players, and its development was observed both before and after peak height velocity age (PHVA).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgements\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors\u0026rsquo; contributions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRyota Yamamoto, Wataru Sakamaki, Toshiharu Tsutsui, and Suguru Torii contributed to data collection, analysis, and interpretation. Ryota Yamamoto, Toshiharu Tsutsui, and Suguru Torii contributed to the writing of the manuscript. Ryota Yamamoto, Toshiharu Tsutsui, and Suguru Torii contributed to the critical revision of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript and consented to the submission of the final version.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis work was supported by JST SPRING, Grant Number JPMJSP2128.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eData availability\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll data supporting the findings of this study are available within the paper.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study was approved by the ethics committee of Waseda University (2021-218). All participants or their legal guardians provided online informed consent prior to completing the questionnaire. The collected data were anonymized to ensure confidentiality.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Competing interests\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eDoran, C., et al., \u003cem\u003eDoes the Type of Sport Influence Morphology of the Hip? A Systematic Review.\u003c/em\u003e Am J Sports Med, 2022. \u003cstrong\u003e50\u003c/strong\u003e(6): p. 1727-1741.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eMorris, W.Z., et al., \u003cem\u003eOrigin of Cam Morphology in Femoroacetabular Impingement.\u003c/em\u003e Am J Sports Med, 2018. \u003cstrong\u003e46\u003c/strong\u003e(2): p. 478-486.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eTang, J., et al., \u003cem\u003eThe different subtypes of cam morphology as defined by statistical shape modeling and their relationship with the development of hip osteoarthritis: A nationwide prospective cohort study (CHECK) with 10 years follow-up.\u003c/em\u003e Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 2024. \u003cstrong\u003e32\u003c/strong\u003e(12): p. 1647-1654.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eTang, J., et al., \u003cem\u003eCam morphology is strongly and consistently associated with development of radiographic hip osteoarthritis throughout 4 follow-up visits within 10 years.\u003c/em\u003e Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 2023. \u003cstrong\u003e31\u003c/strong\u003e(12): p. 1650-1656.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eShort, S.M., C.W. 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Iizuka, \u003cem\u003eThe timing of peak velocity of height, lean mass and bone mass in healthy Japanese male junior high school students.\u003c/em\u003e Japan Journal of Human Growth and Development Researc, 2016. \u003cstrong\u003e70\u003c/strong\u003e: p. 6.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Table","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg 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\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":false,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-sports-science-medicine-and-rehabilitation","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"ssmr","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation](http://bmcsportsscimedrehabil.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/ssmr/default.aspx","title":"BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Adolescent football player, cam morphology, pincer morphology, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9584424/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9584424/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eCam morphology developed during adolescent increases the risk of hip osteoarthritis by 4.3-6.2-fold over 5 and 10 years. Although cam morphology are believed to occur during the growth period, when significant physical changes take place, no studies have examined the relationship with physical maturation indicators.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAim\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe aim of this study was twofold: (1) to examine the prevalence of cam morphology in Japanese adolescent football players.; (2) to investigate if cam morphology development is associated with peak height velocity age(PHVA) status.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethods\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eFootball school players (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;47) participated in this prospective 3-year follow-up study (baseline 11\u0026ndash;14 years). Anterior views were obtained by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanning. Cam morphology on these time points was defined as: (A) visual scores of the anterior head-neck junction, classified as: (1) normal, (2) flattening, and (3) prominence. We calculated the years from age at PHV of each participant by subtracting the chronological age from the age at PHV to determine the period until the peak of growth.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eCam morphology based on visual scores was found in 79 of 94 hips(84.0%, 39 kicking leg, 40 shaft leg)at in 2-year follow-up. non-association between cam morphology development based on visual scores and PHVA status (OR: 0.08, 95%CI -0.21 to 0.42, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.517).\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCONCLUSION\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlthough cam morphology has been reported to be less prevalent in East Asian football players, we found a high prevalence (80%) in adolescent Japanese football players, and its development was observed both before and after peak height velocity age (PHVA).\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Cam morphology in Japanese adolescent male football player: a prospective study with 3-year follow-up","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-05-15 09:38:19","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9584424/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-05-09T20:32:55+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"23694008793175861697514624311930918454","date":"2026-05-08T14:38:24+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2026-05-06T07:24:55+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2026-05-04T08:06:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2026-05-04T08:05:04+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation","date":"2026-05-01T08:52:13+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-sports-science-medicine-and-rehabilitation","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"ssmr","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation](http://bmcsportsscimedrehabil.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/ssmr/default.aspx","title":"BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"42977c24-8fae-4a84-8e6c-539084949728","owner":[],"postedDate":"May 15th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-05-09T20:32:55+00:00","index":13,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"23694008793175861697514624311930918454","date":"2026-05-08T14:38:24+00:00","index":11,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"6","date":"2026-05-06T07:24:55+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2026-05-04T08:06:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2026-05-04T08:05:04+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation","date":"2026-05-01T08:52:13+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-05-15T09:38:25+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-05-15 09:38:19","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-9584424","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-9584424","identity":"rs-9584424","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}