Influence of the workpiece accumulated heat on the bead forming and microstructural material properties in LMD-wire cladding process

Influence of the workpiece accumulated heat on the bead forming and microstructural material properties in LMD-wire cladding process | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Influence of the workpiece accumulated heat on the bead forming and microstructural material properties in LMD-wire cladding process Martin Novák, Jan Brajer, Karel Brom, Filip Stefanik, Petr Kolář This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7398154/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Laser cladding is a technology for depositing protective layers on components operating in extreme environments. The protective layer is made of a more durable material that extends the life of the part. Identifying the optimal process parameters to make the layer is usually challenging and typically requires expert knowledge and empirical tuning. One of the reasons that make it difficult to find the optimum parameters is the heat accumulation in the part during long duration cladding, which changes the resulting quality of the layer with constant parameters. This study investigates the effect of heat accumulation on cladding bead geometry, dilution and material microstructure. At the same time, the cladding process was monitored by two temperature sensors. A pyrometer was used to measure the melt pool temperature, and a thermal camera was used to monitor the temperature change of the whole part. Two strategies differing in laser power settings were compared. In one strategy the power was constant and in the other strategy the power was reduced over time. From the data analysis was found, that heat accumulation has the greatest effect on material dilution and on the symmetry of the cladding bead geometry. Both parameters were improved by reducing the laser power even though the heat accumulated in the part still increased its temperature. These findings show that heat accumulation influences the quality of the welded layer, but by using sensors it is possible to monitor the accumulation and react by reducing the power. This research demonstrates the effectiveness of real-time thermal monitoring and adaptive power control to help achieve robust feedback control of laser cladding technology. Laser Cladding Laser metal deposition wire Heat accumulation Full Text Additional Declarations Competing interest reported. This research was conducted in collaboration with LaserTherm, a company specializing in the development, integration, and application of laser technologies. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7398154","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":518407305,"identity":"032b1efa-40c6-4b18-a113-784f1c296224","order_by":0,"name":"Martin 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This research was conducted in collaboration with LaserTherm, a company specializing in the development, integration, and application of laser technologies.","formattedTitle":"Influence of the workpiece accumulated heat on the bead forming and microstructural material properties in LMD-wire cladding process","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Laser Cladding, Laser metal deposition wire, Heat accumulation","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7398154/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7398154/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eLaser cladding is a technology for depositing protective layers on components operating in extreme environments. The protective layer is made of a more durable material that extends the life of the part. Identifying the optimal process parameters to make the layer is usually challenging and typically requires expert knowledge and empirical tuning. One of the reasons that make it difficult to find the optimum parameters is the heat accumulation in the part during long duration cladding, which changes the resulting quality of the layer with constant parameters.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis study investigates the effect of heat accumulation on cladding bead geometry, dilution and material microstructure. At the same time, the cladding process was monitored by two temperature sensors. A pyrometer was used to measure the melt pool temperature, and a thermal camera was used to monitor the temperature change of the whole part. Two strategies differing in laser power settings were compared. In one strategy the power was constant and in the other strategy the power was reduced over time.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFrom the data analysis was found, that heat accumulation has the greatest effect on material dilution and on the symmetry of the cladding bead geometry. Both parameters were improved by reducing the laser power even though the heat accumulated in the part still increased its temperature.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThese findings show that heat accumulation influences the quality of the welded layer, but by using sensors it is possible to monitor the accumulation and react by reducing the power. 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