Hydroponic Fertilizers as a Growth Media for Chlorella vulgaris for Producing Affordable Protein in Developing Countries

Abstract Chlorella vulgaris stands out as a promising microalga for single-cell protein production, particularly due to its potential to address the need for affordable nutrition in less developed regions. Given this context, the quest for more economical fertilization methods is essential. Among the viable alternatives, hydroponic fertilizer (HF) emerges as a widely available option, particularly in regions such as Indonesia. Typically, HF is supplied in two distinct forms: powdered Mix-A and Mix-B to prepare the stock solutions. This study investigates the impact of varying concentrations and stock solution ratios on both the growth rate and biomass yield of Chlorella vulgaris. Additionally, an economic analysis of cultivation activities is conducted, with a specific focus on comparing the feasibility of utilizing hydroponic fertilizer against conventional methods. The findings reveal that specific ratios and concentrations of the tested growth media outperform standard mediums in promoting the growth rate and biomass yield of cultivated Chlorella vulgaris. Furthermore, the economic analysis assesses two primary cost components: fertilizer and energy. Remarkably, the study demonstrates that all tested hydroponic mediums offer a more cost-effective cultivation solution compared to the conventional methods, primarily attributed to the lower cost of the hydroponic fertilizers.