Breaking Language Barriers with Image Detection and Natural Language Processing Model for English to Spanish Translation

Breaking Language Barriers with Image Detection and Natural Language Processing Model for English to Spanish Translation | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Breaking Language Barriers with Image Detection and Natural Language Processing Model for English to Spanish Translation Bakhita Salman, Andres Lopez, Nathanielle Delapena This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5784546/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 6 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This research proposes an advanced approach that integrates multiple image detection techniques and natural language processing (NLP) methodologies for English-to-Spanish language translation. The developed software accepts an image as input, which undergoes preprocessing using adaptive thresholding, morphological transformations, and edge detection algorithms such as Canny and Sobel operators to enhance text clarity. Text detection and localization are achieved using the EfficientDet and EAST (Efficient and Accurate Scene Text) detector frameworks, followed by Optical Character Recognition (OCR) using PyTesseract, a wrapper for Google’s Tesseract OCR. The detected text is passed to an NLP system for translation, which employs a sequence-to-sequence transformer model implemented with Keras, TensorFlow, and NumPy. Additional techniques, such as Byte Pair Encoding (BPE) for text tokenization and positional encoding for transformer-based attention, improve translation efficiency. An English-Spanish dictionary from Anki and a large parallel corpus dataset were used for training. The NLP pipeline leverages semantic analysis, part-of-speech tagging, and dependency parsing to preserve grammatical structure and context. Fine-tuning the transformer model parameters, including learning rate scheduling and gradient clipping, further optimized system performance. The research demonstrates a 93.7% translation accuracy, achieved by combining state-of-theart image processing algorithms, advanced transformer architectures, and a robust training dataset. This hybrid approach significantly improves the accuracy of English-to-Spanish translations, validating the effectiveness of integrating computer vision and NLP technologies. ORC NLP ANN Otsu Keras Tensorflow NumPy Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editor assigned by journal 03 Apr, 2025 Reviews received at journal 30 Mar, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 30 Mar, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 24 Mar, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 24 Mar, 2025 First submitted to journal 17 Mar, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5784546","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":433181040,"identity":"5b102b03-57ae-4c7e-9b9b-182895d53739","order_by":0,"name":"Bakhita Salman","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABA0lEQVRIie3OMUsDMRTA8VcO6tJy6+vQ3lcICNbS0s+ScJD7CoKiB8XnUulW+jF0c6wcXJfDrjmyeItOgmMdFHOhIg5pOzrkDwkvJD8IgM/3D2PQbAK3Y5CabWRWox6CPcQa+1LiYQR+SYbbCzfpH+XyudqMIbp5vL77eFhfhvOMEM6GInWQwVSuGOcxsEJQeVtoRC0MKRInYcuEkPPA/FCQapNGqEmDMjdZv9bkCqJZReUnPWFkydcOomRuSAagBOk2LZFZkrrJYPEikctVi6mKdJfizr0Wk1OeJ8cu0g/lSWczOu9Fszgv32gc9nRSqfeLYddFfmr9PfI9z30+n8+3u2+nhl5NId5z9gAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Texas A\u0026M International University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Bakhita","middleName":"","lastName":"Salman","suffix":""},{"id":433181041,"identity":"3f4f80bf-54a7-4a25-946c-242ca316b0c2","order_by":1,"name":"Andres Lopez","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Texas A\u0026M International University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Andres","middleName":"","lastName":"Lopez","suffix":""},{"id":433181042,"identity":"46312a7d-61be-4fb2-8be1-0b8f0a16e338","order_by":2,"name":"Nathanielle Delapena","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Texas A\u0026M International University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Nathanielle","middleName":"","lastName":"Delapena","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-01-08 00:08:13","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5784546/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5784546/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":79227297,"identity":"90dd6811-93f0-4f66-9826-2dbd5fbc38dc","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-03-26 01:20:45","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":379216,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"RevisedManuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5784546/v1_covered_fe95e841-6883-4311-a85a-e00c6a3165c5.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Breaking Language Barriers with Image Detection and Natural Language Processing Model for English to Spanish Translation","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"discover-applied-sciences","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"Learn more about [Discover Applied Sciences](https://link.springer.com/journal/42452)","snPcode":"42452","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/42452/3","title":"Discover Applied Sciences","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Discover Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"ORC, NLP, ANN, Otsu, Keras, Tensorflow, NumPy","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5784546/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5784546/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"This research proposes an advanced approach that integrates multiple image detection techniques and natural language processing (NLP) methodologies for English-to-Spanish language translation. 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