Epidemiological Characteristics and Genotypic Features of Rotavirus and Norovirus in Jining City, 2021-2022

Abstract Background Diarrhea, often caused by viruses like Rotavirus (RV) and Norovirus (NV), is a global health concern. This study focuses on RV and NV in Jining City from 2021 to 2022.Methods Between 2021 and 2022, a total of 1052 diarrhea samples were collected. Real-time PCR was used to detect RV-A, NV GI, and NV GII. For RV-A positive samples, VP7 and VP4 genes were sequenced for genotype analysis, followed by the construction of evolutionary trees. Likewise, for NV GII positive samples, VP1 and RdRp genes were sequenced for genotypic analysis, and evolutionary trees were subsequently constructed.Resuts : Between 2021 and 2022, Jining City showed varying detection ratios: RV-A (7.03%), NV GI (0.10%), NV GII (5.42%), and co-infection of RV-A and NV GII (1.14%). The highest RV-A ratios were shown in ≤ 1 year and 2–5-year age groups. Jinxiang County and Liangshan County had notably high RV-A ratios at 24.37% and 18.33% respectively. Qufu and Weishan had no RV-A positives. Weishan showed the highest NV GII ratios at 35.48%. Genotype analysis showed that, in 2021, G9P[8] and G2P[4] were dominant at 94.44% and 5.56% respectively. In 2022, G8P[8], G9P[8], and G1P[8] were prominent at 75.86%, 13.79%, and 10.34% respectively. In 2021, GII.3[P12], GII.4[P16], and GII.4[P31] constituted 71.43%, 14.29%, and 14.29% respectively. In 2022, GII.3[P12] and GII.4[P16] accounted for 55.00% and 45.00% respectively.Conclusions RV-A and NV showed varying patterns in different time frames, age groups, and regions. Genotypic shifts were also observed in prevalent RV-A and NV GII strains in Jining City from 2021 to 2022. Ongoing monitoring of RV-A and NV is recommended for effective prevention and control.