Positive emotions in fairy-tale reading: A text-mining study of nostalgia from 1,428 online reviews

Positive emotions in fairy-tale reading: A text-mining study of nostalgia from 1,428 online reviews | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Positive emotions in fairy-tale reading: A text-mining study of nostalgia from 1,428 online reviews caizhen liu, Jing Wang This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7659309/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background: Despite the popularity of Chinese classic fairy tales, research on the psychological impact of reading such stories remains limited, especially regarding the causes and functions of nostalgia. This study explores the association between nostalgia and the experience of reading Chinese classic fairy tales. The findings indicate that nostalgia is linked to increased reading interest among children and offer implications for educational and developmental psychology. Method: We collected 1,428 reviews of "Chinese Fairy Tales" from Dangdang.com and calculated the emotional scores of Chinese fairy tales to obtain positive emotions toward fairy tales. Moreover, through KH Coder software, we conducted a visual analysis of multiple aspects of the positive emotions of Chinese readers toward fairy tales, revealing that fairy tale readers have a strong sense of nostalgia for their own fairy tales. The fundamental cause of this nostalgia is psychological ownership, which includes five aspects: occupying a position, self-efficacy, self-identity, a sense of responsibility, and territoriality. Conclusion: Our research results indicate that nostalgia plays a significant role in the reading experience of Chinese classic fairy tales. Since exposure to nostalgic content is related to increased interest in reading, especially among children, this study emphasizes the importance of understanding the role of nostalgia in promoting reading habits. Humanities/Cultural and media studies Social science/Cultural and media studies Humanities/Literature Biological sciences/Psychology Social science/Psychology Nostalgia Fairy tales Psychological impact Reading experience Chinese culture Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Introduction Fairy tales are important ways of helping children share their desires and express their agonies and inner conflicts. (Tsitsani et al., 2012)The above quotation shows that fairy tales can share children's desires, express children's anxieties, and express inner peace. The psychological effects of fairy tales on children have attracted the attention of numerous scholars. In the relevant literature, Western scholars have shown that fairy tales provide children with rich story content and that this content has a certain impact on their childhood life. (Rokotnitz N . 2018)However, few studies have explored the impact of fairy tales on children's psychology through quantitative research, especially how Chinese fairy tales affect the psychology of Chinese readers and how this psychology affects children's reading of fairy tales. Therefore, this study aims to fill this gap by adopting multiple methods. First, this paper takes the classic fairy tale book "Chinese Fairy Tales" (a complete set of 12 volumes), which is sold on Dangdang, the largest online bookstore in China, as an example and collects readers' comments on this book through crawler technology. This big data method can be used to explore the psychological experiences of numerous readers. This type of research has rarely been discussed in previous research. After the readers' reading experience is reviewed, we analyse the online texts to explore the psychological factors that specifically affect the reading of fairy tales. Research reveals that nostalgia plays an important role in promoting children's fairy tale reading. The theory of readers' nostalgia and psychological ownership has been well confirmed in readers' comments. This article analyses the five aspects of nostalgia psychology in fairy tales and proposes some suggestions on how to promote the reading of fairy tales and children's psychological treatment. Literature Review Research into the psychological effects of fairy tales on children has generated lasting interest in academia. Since the 1920s, there has been heated debate on whether fairy tales have positive or negative effects on children's psychology. Some psychiatrists, such as Felix Adler, recommended the elimination of fairy tales together because of their "harmful, superstitious, and immoral elements, such as the success of trickery and cunning. "(Eddy Jacalyn, 2006) Montessori likewise crusaded against fairy tales, declaring that they "plunge the child into the supernatural and merely prolong his period of mental confusion", creating a "dread of reality and terror of the actual." (Eddy Jacalyn, 2006) One professor at Clark University stated that "fear, imagination, and ignorance make life hard for the child. In fairy tales, his own desires for himself are realized. It is his compensation for being little and helpless. "(Gruenberg, 1927) However, some other scholars hold different opinions, holding that Faky Tale, as the favourite literary style of children, is in line with children's psychological development and spiritual world. For example, fairy tales have constructive value; they fulfil children's wishes: they have the same structure as dreams do, and their content is truly nothing more than the disguised realization of wishes. However, as my case history will show, under certain circumstances, the fairy tale may cause harm and produce a traumatic effect.(Lorand, 1935) Benjamin Gruenberg, president of the Child Study Association of America, fairy tales represented "abnormal gratification," encouraging "primitive thinking" and hindering proper development. Fairy tales, Gruenberg warned, prolonged "the wishing stage," thereby preventing children from exerting the "real effort" necessary to obtain goals in life. In addition to the possibility of future resistance to social roles, a child overly interested in books of any kind might fail to socialize here and now. Gruenberg worried that "while it is legitimate to use books. As entertainment, the danger suggested lies not in the books themselves but in other elements of the child's environment—such as the absence of stimulus or opportunity for interesting activities. "(Gruenberg, 1927)In addition, there was a group of female scholars who read and promoted fairy tales. They believed that fairy tales, as a kind of imaginative literature, reflect the "larger reality of human existence. "(JENKINS, 1996) With respect to the unhealthy imagination of many murders and kidnappings in fairy tales mentioned by psychologists, these female scholars constantly suggest that reading fairy tales should not pay too much attention to details but should pay attention to the excellent qualities embodied in fairy tales, such as courage and loyalty. Second, the women scholars also linked fairy tale writers to poets, arguing that children cannot rely solely on scientific theories for development; in contrast, children must look to "rare poets, novelists and essayists" to obtain "intellectual honesty and spiritual clarity" because children here will be "a new world of exploration and discovery". (Eddy Jacalyn, 2006) There is no reason to bar from the vigorous and buoyant minds of normal children's legitimate folk experiences and fancies.(R, 1962) In the 1970s, Bettelheim argued that the messages of fairy tales are not simple but rather very complex and manyare, indeed, of great value.(B, 1977)emphasized the importance of fairy tales and detailed the relationship between children and fairy tales, especially emphasizing the benefits of traditional fairy tales for young children because they stimulate imagination and help children cope with inevitable fears of childhood, such as abandonment, and convinced them that difficult situations will eventually improve. As persuasive as he writes, Bettelheim offers no objective evidence to support his position. Fairy tales also serve as a means of cultural transmission, reflecting collective folk wisdom and moral teachings that have evolved over centuries. They are seen as a way to engage children in complex social interactions and moral dilemmas(Zipes, 2006)On the other hand, there is also no hard evidence that fairy tales are harmful.(G, 1991) The therapeutic aspect of this fairy tale is the authors' concern for the emotions of the children readers, which is why the narrative emphasizes that they are not alone and can always count on other people who love them.(o. Karbowniczek, 2020) In the 1990s, the psychological reference to fairy tales became more widespread. Japanese researchers, for example, used fairy tales to ease pain in children during dental procedures(Nagasaka, 1991) Greek psychologist Coulacoglou C used fairy tales as early as 1992 and created the Fairy Tale Test (FTT), another successful example of using fairy tales in psychological measurement and therapy(Coulacoglou, 2000)In contemporary challenges, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, new fairy tales have emerged to help children understand and cope with changes in their environment. These stories often portray the virus as a villain, providing children with a framework to process their fears and anxieties(J. Karbowniczek, & Kucharska, B., 2020) Fairy tales play a crucial role in children's development, serving as tools for sharing desires and expressing inner conflicts. They are integral to children's everyday lives and help them navigate their emotions and experiences (Tsitsani et al., 2012). Fairy tales are often used as instructive tools by parents to soothe anxieties and set examples for children, reinforcing moral lessons and social values (Martina Girsang, 2023). The narratives within fairy tales are believed to stimulate children's imagination and promote their initiative and capacity for autonomy, which is often more effective than everyday life experiences (Rokotnitz N . 2018). Classic fairy tales are preferred by children over modern adaptations, with stories such as "Little Red Riding Hood" being particularly popular. This preference highlights the enduring appeal of traditional narratives in shaping children's understanding of good and evil (J. Karbowniczek, & Kucharska, B., 2020). This is because scholars have long argued about the relationship between fairy tales and children's psychology. However, most of the above academic studies focus on Western fairy tales, and little attention has been given to the influence of Chinese fairy tales on Chinese fairy tales. In particular, few studies have investigated the influence of Chinese fairy tales on children's psychology through quantitative research. However, there are very few studies on how Chinese fairy tales affect Chinese readers' psychology and how this psychology affects children's fairy tales. According to the 7th National Census in 2020, 298 million children exist in China(China, 2021). Given the large number of children in China, how do these children understand and absorb the messages in fairy tales, and how do these stories shape their psychology and cognition? Will reading Chinese fairy tales have negative psychological effects on them? How do these elements affect children's psychological experience? Unfortunately, we still lack in-depth research on these questions. Content analysis is a systematic method well-suited to large-scale textual research. It was used to code and thematically analyze Chinese newspaper articles, revealing four dominant media frames about e-cigarettes(Liu et al., 2022). Drawing on this approach, the present study applies content analysis to children’s fairy-tale reading, using the classic volume Chinese Fairy Tales as a case and collecting readers’ experiential data from the Dangdang book-review platform.Chinese Fairy Tales is chosen because it is a set of children's books with classic status in the field of fairy tales. This set of books has been carefully compiled by hundreds of craftsmen for 10 years and contains 362 original Chinese stories, covering six themes, such as festival stories, myths and legends, folktales, stories of historical celebrities, idioms and allusions, and fables. It has won numerous awards, including the Golden Ding Award in Taiwan and the Gold Medal Award in Singapore for Best Book, and is regarded as a "family heirloom" by Chinese people around the world. Second, since "China Fairy Tales" was introduced to the mainland by Tiandi Publishing House in February 2018, it has received the love of many readers and is sold well on Dangdang online. Online "China Fairy Tales" lasts from 2018--2024 and has a longer duration of fairy sales. Research and design Using a web crawler, readers' comments on China Fairy Tales on the Dangdang website from June 17, 2018, to April 25, 2024, were statistically analysed, the emotional reading experience of Chinese fairy tales was scored, and the factors affecting Chinese readers' reading were subsequently coded and analysed. To identify the most authentic reading experience and psychological factors of Chinese readers, they read fairy tales. Data collection To obtain the review data of designated books on Dangdang, we designed and implemented a Python-based crawler program. The program automatically captures the review information of books in a multistep way and stores it as an Excel file. The following is the specific implementation process of the crawler: Import the required libraries First, we import the necessary Python libraries: requests are used to send HTTP requests to Dangdang servers to obtain web page data. Beautiful soup is used to parse the HTML of a web page and extract the required information. panda is used to store and process comment data and eventually export it as an Excel file. To ensure that crawlers can successfully access Dangdang and avoid being identified by the website as machine requests, we set HTTP headers and cookies in the request. This information simulates the request behavior of normal users to ensure that the crawler can successfully access the target web page. We specify the URL of the Dangdang book review page and set the request parameters, including the product ID (pid) and page number (page). The crawler crawled the review page by page through paging and obtained all the relevant review data. This process iterates 96 times, traversing all the comment pages. GET comment information On each page, the crawler sends a GET request and obtains the response data. The response data are in HTML format, and we use beautiful soup to parse the HTML content and extract the following information: Username: The username of the commenter, obtained by parsing the tag in HTML. Comment score: The rating given by the reviewer parses the rating data in the tag in HTML. Comment content: The specific feedback content of the reviewer extracts the text in the tag. Comment time: When the comment was published, the date information in the tag was parsed. Each time a comment is extracted, the crawler stores it in a Pandas DataFrame. This dataframe contains four fields: username, comment score, comment content, and comment time. By adding these data to the DataFrame one by one, we are able to organize and manage the captured comment data effectively. After all the comment data have been successfully crawled, we use the pandas' to_Excel() method to save the data in an Excel file. The file is named Review.xlsx and does not contain the row index. Finally, the program prints "Data saved to review.xlsx file." ", which shows that the crawler task has been successfully completed. From June 17, 2018, to June 14, 2024, the crawler collected 1,428 comments. These comments were coded, and nine aspects were obtained, as shown in Table 1: Table 1–Book purchase and reading experience feedback statistics Category Frequency Specific content Packing 134 Packing issues of books Quality of content 113 The quality of book content Traditional culture 71 Traditional cultural elements in books Price 66 The price or discounts when purchasing books Express service 65 The quality of express services Motivation to buy 60 Reasons for buying books Book weight 49 The quality of book illustrations Illustration quality 30 The weight or portability of books Parent-child reading 13 The experience of parent-child reading The table shows that consumers pay the most attention to the book's packaging, content quality and traditional cultural elements when evaluating Chinese Fairy Tales while also taking into account factors such as price, express delivery service and purchase motivation. This information provides valuable feedback for publishers and sales platforms to help them optimize products and improve service quality. The reader's psychological experience with fairy tales is included in the 1,428 comments, so the text can be analysed via the free software KHCoder. This approach has reproducibility of analysis results through automatic operation and avoids the incorporation of researcher prejudices (Hirahara, 2021). Figure 1 Specific research steps are as follows: Step 1: Collect and digitize all the comments published in Dangdang's China Fairy Tales from 2018--2024. The text analysis is aimed at Chinese, as the article uses Chinese as the original language. However, for writing this article, the morphemes in the text data were translated into English. Step 2: Preprocess and analyse the word frequency table. Step 3: 116 commonly used words are listed, and the co-occurrence relationships between them are visualized in the network diagram. The graph consists of the first 70 relationships that use the Jaccard index to calculate the similarity between common words in paragraph units. Step 4: Perform an analysis of the word clusters in the document. The 10 word clusters of the document content explain the participants' experiences and perceptions of fairy tale reading. Step 5: Word co-occurrence network analysis. The co-occurrence network construction technique offers a visual method to display key individuals, organizations, and concepts present in the text, as well as to uncover the potential links among these prominent terms. This technology operates on the principle of identifying the most commonly used words within a text through word frequency analysis. It then connects words that frequently cooccur with straight lines to create a network graph. In this graph, words that appear more frequently are represented by larger circles.(MaoWenwei, 2019) This graph intuitively shows the high-frequency words in the text and the relationships among them. These high-frequency words often show hot events in the text, and the relationships between the words reflect some important information about these events. Results On the basis of the analysis of 1428 comments, the occurrence network of frequent words related to reading experience in the comments of "Chinese Fairy Tales" and the occurrence information among these words were analysed via the "co-occurrence network" function of the KH-Coder, as shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3. Figure 2-3 illustrates a co-occurrence network that describes correlations between frequently used words. The node size is proportional to the word frequency; the edge size is proportional to the similarity calculated via the Jaccard index. By observing the co-occurrence network in Figures 2--3, the high-frequency words in each group of texts were extracted and combined to form several large or small high-frequency word groups. These high-frequency word groups reveal the reading experience of Chinese Fairy Tales. Positive comments such as "good" and "recommend" appear in the high-frequency words, and the reading experience of fairy tales is full of affirmation. To verify the readers' emotional experience of reading the book, we calculated these comments via the emotional score method. First, we stored the comment data in CSV format, and each CSV file corresponds to a specific evaluation dimension (e.g., parent–child, traditional culture, or experience). The files were preprocessed to ensure that they had a clear structure and that each comment had been cleaned for subsequent sentiment analysis. Delete unnecessary columns: Keep the comment column and delete other irrelevant columns to ensure that the data are clear and concise. Then, SnowNLP is used as a tool for sentiment analysis. The sentiment score ranges from 0 to 1, where a value close to 0 indicates that the comment sentiment is negative. A value close to 1 indicates more positive emotion, whereas a value closer to 1 indicates more positive emotion. Positive emotion comments contain positive words such as “satisfaction,” “well,” “like” and “satisfaction,” whereas a value closer to 0 indicates more negative emotions. Negative comments contain negative words such as “dispersatisfaction,” “poor,” “disappointment,” “bad” and “problem.” After the sentiment of all the comments in each CSV file was scored, the average sentiment score of nine aspects, including packaging, content quality, traditional culture and price, was calculated. The average sentiment score represents the sentiment tendency of the whole dataset. The results obtained via calculation are shown in Figure 4: Fairy Tales" is far greater than 0.5, close to 1, and its emotional evaluation is positive. Through this method, we can understand the emotional distribution and tendency of Dangdang book reviews and analyse the user feedback of different book types or topics to better understand readers' emotional response to the book content. In the word co-occurrence network, we can also see a group of pictures that show numerous words with strong nostalgia for China, tradition, ancestors, etc., as shown in Figure 5. These words show that readers of fairy tales have strong nostalgia for their own country's fairy tales, they try to learn about the fairy tales handed down by their ancestors, some people try to have aspirations by learning about their ancestors' reading experiences in the past, and they are eager to develop their own country and nation's experiences through personal development to express their yearning for a better future. This evidence supports the view that the nostalgic drive of "psychological ownership" matters in children's reading of Chinese fairy tales. Psychological ownership Psychological ownership manifests the extension of self-identity through psychologically owning a collection of tangible and intangible targets as 'mine' (Lin, 2022) In this inquiry, psychological ownership refers to one's possessive feeling that the site is 'mine'(Lin, 2022). These include having a place, self-efficacy, self-identity, responsibility, and territoriality. (Lin, 2023) The theory posits three routes for developing a possessive feeling: exercise of control, intimate knowledge, and investment of the self (Pierce, 2003). Psychological ownership, as a subjective sense of possession, has been widely applied in consumer behavior research. (Rogers, 2021) points out that even in the absence of legal ownership, individuals may develop psychological ownership over rented or shared items through pathways such as control, familiarity, and self-investment, thereby influencing their attitudes and behaviors. (S. Li et al., 2021)further validate the role of psychological ownership in customer behavior, finding that self-image congruity and functional congruity can enhance customers’ sense of psychological ownership toward a brand through “impression in memory.” These studies provide theoretical support for understanding how children form a sense of “psychological ownership” toward texts through emotional engagement and memory construction during reading. The five attributes of the psychological ownership attribute include possession of a location, self-efficacy, self-identity, responsibility, and territoriness. (Lin, 2023) Next, we explore the influence of fairy tale reading from the perspective of psychological ownership, with a focus on how these elements affect children's reading psychology. Unfolding these motivational factors lays the groundwork for understanding the psychological possession of fairy tales. Unfolding these motivational factors lays the groundwork for understanding the psychological possession of fairy tales. 1. Connections to the past Intimate knowing pushes individuals' 'come to find themselves psychologically tied to things because of their active participation or association with those things'(Pierce, 2003). The findings underscore that readers of fairy tales tend to actively learn about the culture and history behind these tales. "I find my childhood in it, all the folk stories my grandfather told me when I was a son's age." (R11) "I always miss the 365 nights when I was a child, and this big book just makes up for the regrets of my childhood. Wait for the baby to grow up, estimated at least five years old, to start the wonderful time of one story a day!" (R101) "Reading such stories makes me miss the image of my grandfather telling me stories when I was young, which is very warm. This should be the happiness that books can bring us." (R325) Self-efficacy Self-efficacy concerns one's belief in ability to Successfully executing actions to perform a task effectively(Avey, 2009) . It reflects what it feels like to be in control "to meet my needs; being the cause of one's control or actions results in feelings of efficacy and pleasure and creates extrinsic satisfaction as certain desirable outcomes are acquired. The desire to experience causal efficacy in altering the environment leads to attempts to take possession and to the emergence of feelings of ownership.(Pierce, 2003) Research has shown that readers of fairy tales can feel the power of self-control in the process of reading. For example, they enjoy the feeling of reading one story a day. "My 11-year-old son could not sleep or eat enough to read it to me. He could not help but read it to me with emotion! He had never shown that he truly liked the books before. I read the recommended article, very moved, worthy of the craftsman!" (R22) "I would like to waste this wonderful weekend on reading, on parent–child time." (R625) Self-identification Avey et al. (2009) remarked, individuals often rely on their interactions with tangible and intangible possessed targets to reshape their personal identities. Self-iden tity provides individuals with a source to ‘know themselves, define themselves, and express their self-identity to others' "(S. H. Li et al., 2021). People collect and publicly display a myriad of different objects as symbolic expressions of their self-identity.(Pierce, 2001) "This book brings us warmth and strength". (R28) "The pictures inside also have memories of my childhood." (R63) "I will take her with me to read our own fairy tales every day, and may she be nourished by good myths!" (R15) Step 4: Responsibility Experienced responsibility and stewardship. Psychological ownership for a particular target may also promote feelings of responsibility that include feelings of being protective, caring, and nurturing and the proactive assumption of responsibility for that target(Pierce, 2003). When an individual's sense of self is closely linked to the target, a desire to maintain, protect, or enhance that identity will result in an enhanced sense of responsibility.(Pierce, 2003) "Growing up with the baby is the best company, and the baby will have something to talk about" (R1230). After getting the express, and the baby dismantled together, the baby got the book cannot wait to read a half an hour, the baby said: “Mom, I was intoxicated by this book! Received, the packaging is very good but also a good opportunity to learn, after learning for the baby Sense of territory In The Territorial Imperative , Ardrey attempts to demonstrate that "man is as much a territorial animal..." Home ownership has likewise been argued to satisfy the human need for having a place—"my place(Tuttle., 1968)Personification of owned objects serves to promote security, identity, and individualism, each of which is important because it represents freedom of self-determination. (Pierce, 2003) Our findings suggest that readers of fairy tales increasingly need to associate their reading with the nation and that fairy tales are also a way of extending identity. In the review of Chinese Fairy Tales, taking the topic of "fairy tales" as an example, the author uses KH-Coder's "KWIC Concordance" function to extract the word "Chinese" from 32,201 characters in 1,428 reviews. The number of words shared by fairy tales in the review was 184. Among them, the number of cooccurrences with "fairy" reaches 66, as shown in Table 2: Table 2 The distribution of high-intensity co-occurrence words in fairy tales N Word POS Total LT RT L5 L4 L3 L2 L1 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 The Score 1 fairy Noun 66 4 62 2 0 2 0 0 59 2 0 1 0 61.317 2 tale Noun 73 5 68 1 2 0 2 0 0 64 2 0 2 34.767 3 traditional Adj 35 22 13 3 2 0 0 17 11 1 0 0 1 29.800 4 culture Noun 37 3 34 0 0 2 1 0 21 12 0 1 0 28.417 5 story Noun 28 5 23 1 1 2 1 0 16 2 1 3 1 19.900 6 child Noun 36 16 20 7 3 5 1 0 7 1 3 3 6 14.767 7 very Adv 31 21 10 4 1 9 4 3 0 3 1 4 2 12.283 8 book Noun 27 14 13 4 1 3 6 0 0 0 2 6 5 8.217 9 good Adj 22 14 8 6 2 2 1 3 0 0 2 1 5 7.783 10 style Noun 8 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 7 1 0 0 0 7.500 KH-Coder has recently been shown to quickly code, network and cluster large textual corpora.health-equity concepts embedded in physical-medical integration policies have been uncovered(Zhao et al., 2024); the construction of national identity in “dual-carbon” news has been traced via co-occurrence networks(Li & Zhao, 2025);and mental-health narratives have been illuminated through clustering techniques(Muramatsu, 2024). These precedents confirm the tool’s reliability across macro-policy and micro-emotion analyses and thus furnish methodological support for the present fairy-tale review investigation. In KH co-occurrence statistics, the score usually refers to the "Mutual Information" score, which is a statistic that measures the strength of the co-occurrence relationship between two words. A mutual information score can reflect the difference between how often two words occur together and the product of how often they occur independently. Specifically, if two words occur more often together than they do independently, then the mutual information score between the two words will be higher, indicating a strong correlation between them. The MI score values of these words were calculated together with "fairy tale." The position relationship between "China", "classic" and most co-occurrence words and keywords is relatively fixed, whereas words such as "story" and "like" generally appear after the word. In the specific comments, we can see several comments linking fairy tales with the motherland: "In this set of books, we can see our unique folk customs and art materials of the past dynasties, which will be beautiful for children's memory." (R17) At the same time, they also make a common criticism of fairy tales that are not their own country and their own people; for example, "It hurts to see children's books westernized on the shelves at home." (R17) "At a time when Western fairy tales such as Snow White are rampant, such books are badly needed, thanks to Han Sheng editors' efforts" (R16). As Chinese people, we should not just try to steal foreign fairy tales. China's own fairy tales are what we need to understand most." (R28) Linking fairy tales with national and national emotions mainly stems from the fact that "psychological ownership can also produce a sense of territory. " (Lin, 2023)Research reveals that psychological ownership can cultivate a sense of connection with one's country through the reading of native fairy tales, a sentiment that can develop into a sense of territoriality. Territoriality essentially differs from having a place, although the latter is promotion-driven(Avey, 2009). In contrast, territoriality is prevention oriented, focusing on 'the use of an external reference for territoriality and defensiveness'(Avey, 2009). In this vein, feelings of territoriality compel individuals to fear that the owned target may be affected by external entities, thereby eliciting defensive endeavors (Avey, 2009). The study revealed that fairy tale readers, especially those who strongly believe that the book embodies the characteristics of the country's own people, made efforts to protect their native fairy tales. They indicated their efforts in promoting the reading of these fairy tales, including the purchase, recommendation and reading of these fairy tales, actively protecting the purity of their country's fairy tales and restoring cultural identity. For some readers, they object to forgetting any historical stories, including traditional festivals. "Chinese people cannot forget tradition, the traditional stories have great significance, even myths and legends, also has far-reaching significance; children's hearts can not only Christmas, Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva, jade Emperor, too white Venus, the land of the father-in-law these should go deeper into the child's heart." (R107) "Highly recommended, especially good book, the quality of the book, the arrangement, the composition and color of the color picture, all aspects reflect the classical Chinese beauty and strong national characteristics, worth reading and collecting." (R156) Publishers could do a better job embedding nostalgic appeals in their fairy book offerings to evoke nostalgia. This method can cater to their nostalgic emotions in promoting the promotion and consumption of books to better cultivate children's interest in reading. Similarly, in the design of fairy tale books, readers should be given a control lever, whether in the purchase process or the reading process, so that readers can better reflect their sense of participation in reading. Designing some evaluation levels after reading fairy tales is a way to meet this increasing need for control. More importantly, since fairy tales are about telling Chinese stories, in China, telling Chinese stories well has become a central concern of local authorities. Thus, cultivating a sense of "home/hometown" through fairy tales books is closely related to taking a place in developing psychological ownership. Especially in Chinese culture and traditions, homes/hometowns not only represent places for dwelling and gathering but also symbolize belonging, identity, and the inner self' (Yin et al., 2022). Limitations and Future Directions While this study paves the way for a better understanding of the effects of fairy tales on the psyche of children and nostalgia in particular, its limitations should also be considered. First, the survey was conducted on a set of classic books on Dangdang. This limits the generality of the findings, as the unique characteristics of the book may influence the results. It is therefore critical to conduct research in fairy books to cross-verify the findings of this study. Second, while this study focuses on the psychology of fairy tale reading, we believe that our findings can be applied to other settings for fairy tale reading that have nostalgic appeal. A quantitative research design was used to prove the positive effects of fairy tales on children's psychology, especially the causal relationship and interrelationship between the nostalgic emotions induced by fairy tales and children's psychological ownership. In addition, the research results also show that children have a strong sense of belonging to a place in the process of reading local fairy tales. In future studies, we will further explore this phenomenon to enrich the existing knowledge of the psychological effects of fairy tales on children. Declarations Funding The author(s) received Major Humanities and Social Sciences Research Projects in Zhejiang higher education institutions，Grant/Award Number: 2024GH028 The data set is available via restricted access at: https://zenodo.org/records/17149179?token=eyJhbGciOiJIUzUxMiJ9.eyJpZCI6 ImJhNjkyNTMzLTc1ZWUtNGYzMC1hOG NlLTNkOTdjNTVjMWM0MCIsImRhdGEi Ont9LCJyYW5kb20iOiI5NDg5ZWViNjEw YzhhNzdhNzAxZDZkOTcyYTRjMDJmMC J9.0rwK6T0f6M6qVY73ABQcwXancwVt4 rZ8IVZhcfHQFqE5utsose6dG-hpRBc FamBGF1-dWoAdCkJ5VkR2TL7pSg Ethics approval and consent to participate Not applicable. Consent for publication Not applicable. Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests. References Avey, J. B., Avolio, B. J., Crossley, C. D., & Luthans, F. . (2009). Psychological ownership: Theoretical extensions, measurement and relation to work outcomes. Journal ofOrganizational Behavior , 30(2) . https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1002/job.583 B, B. (1977). The Uses of Enchantment: The Meaning and Importance of Fairy Tales. Longmans . https://doi.org/DOI:10.1093/jmt/25.1.57. China, N. B. o. S. o. (2021). Seventh National Population Census Bulleti . Retrieved from https://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202105/t20210510_1817188.html Coulacoglou, C. (2000). The Cross Cultural and Clinical Values of Fairy Tales and the Fairy Tale Test. Eddy Jacalyn. (2006). Bookwomen : creating an empire in children's book publishing 1919-1939 . University of Wisconsin Press G, K. L. (1991). Are Fairy Tales Good for Kids. Parents , Vol.66 . Gruenberg, B. C. B. C. (1927). Outlines of child study: a manual for parents and teachers. (C. S. A. o. America, Ed.). Macmillan. Hirahara, S. (2021). Evaluation of a Structure Providing Cultural Ecosystem Services in Forest Recreation: Quantitative Text Analysis of Essays by Participants. Forests , 12 (11), Article 1546. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12111546 JENKINS, C. A. (1996). Women of ALA youth services and professional jurisdiction: Of nightingales, Newberies, realism, and the right books, 1937-1945. Library Trends , Vol.44(4) . Karbowniczek, J., & Kucharska, B. (2020). Coronavirus as an (Anti)Hero of Fairy Tales and Guides for Children. Multidisciplinary Journal of School Education , 9((2) 18), . https://doi.org/10.35765/mjse.2020.0918.06 Karbowniczek, o. (2020). Beata Kucharska.Coronavirus as an (Anti)Hero of Fairy Tales and Guides for Children. .Multidisciplinary Journal of School Education , Vol.9 . Li, S., Qu, H., & Wei, M. (2021). Antecedents and consequences of hotel customers’ psychological ownership. International Journal of Hospitality Management , 93 , 102773. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102773 Li, S. H., Qu, H. L., & Wei, M. (2021). Antecedents and consequences of hotel customers' psychological ownership. International Journal of Hospitality Management , 93 , Article 102773. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102773 Li, Z. R., & Zhao, R. H. (2025). Corpus-based critical discourse analysis of China's image in news discourse on carbon peak and carbon neutrality in China daily. Acta Psychologica , 255 , Article 104945. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.104945 Lin, Z., Hong, W. C. H., & Xiao, X. . (2023). Slowing Down in “Little Shanghai”: A Nostalgia-induced Framework of Reciprocity between Psychological Ownership and Heritage Preservation. Journal of Travel Research , Vol.63(4) . https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875231171678 Lin, Z., Wong, I. A., Zhang, G., & Chen, Y. (2022). Longing for the heritage treasure: Reconnecting the self and the heritagesite through nostalgic reminiscences and psychological ownership. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing , 39(3) . https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2022.2089953 Liu, Q., Liang, Y., Wang, S. Y., Huang, Z. G., Wang, Q., Jia, M. Y.,…Ming, W. (2022). Health Communication through Chinese Media on E-Cigarette: A Topic Modeling Approach. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health , 19 (13), Article 7591. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137591 Lorand, S. (1935). Fairy tales and neurosis. The Psychoanalytic Quarterly, , Vol.4(2) . MaoWenwei. (2019). A Study on the Application of Data Mining Technology in Text Analysis. Journal of Japanese Language Study and Research , (1) . https://doi.org/10.13508/j.cnki.jsr.2022.02.015 Martina Girsang, G. C. A. S. M., Eginta Ayu Br Sitepu, Grace Gabliela Br Gultom,Wina Ecica Br Ginting. . (2023). Literature For Children: The Role Of Parents In Choosing Good Fairy Tales And Reading Material For Children. (3) . https://doi.org/10.47353/ijedl.v1i3.13 Muramatsu, H. (2024). Flat Recovery Process in Mental Health: A Qualitative Analysis of Autoethnography. Issues in Mental Health Nursing , 45 (12), 1278-1285. https://doi.org/10.1080/01612840.2024.2401136 Nagasaka, T. I. S. M. H. I. N. (1991). A Study of Communication and Behavior Management inPediatric Dentistry Approach. Journal of Pedodontics , 28(4) . Pierce, J. L., Kostova, T., & Dirks, K.T. (2003). The State of Psychological Ownership: Integrating and Extending a Century of Research. Review of General Psychology7 . Pierce, J. L., Kostova, T., Dirks, K.T. . (2001). Toward a theory of psychological ownership in organizations. Academy of Management Review , Vol.26(2) . R, S. (1962). THE WAY OF THE STORYTELLER . Viking Press. Rogers, P. (2021). Rented But MINE! Application of Psychological Ownership Theory to Access-Based Consumption and the Circular Economy. Circular Economy and Sustainability , 1 (2), 719-744. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43615-021-00041-0 Rokotnitz N ., a. M. J. D. j. (2018). Fairy Tales, Folk-Psychology, and Learning Intersubjective Competency Through Embodied Resonance: A Contribution to Debates on Cultural Evolution. the Extended Mind, and Morality . https://doi.org/10.12929/jls.11.2.02 Tsitsani, P., Psyllidou, S., Batzios, S. P., Livas, S., Ouranos, M., & Cassimos, D. (2012). Fairy tales: a compass for children's healthy development - a qualitative study in a Greek island. Child Care Health and Development , 38 (2), 266-272. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2011.01216.x Tuttle., R. H. (1968). The Territorial Imperative: A Personal Inquiry into the Animal Origins of Property and Nations. Robert Ardrey. American Anthropologist , Vol.70(1) . Yin, Y., Zou, Y., Zhang, J., Wang, R., & Zhang, H. (2022). Temporarily returning to an ideal life: Research on Chinese rural tourists' home experience. Tourism Management Perspectives , 41 , 100915. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2021.100915 Zhao, M. Y., Yang, L. S., Qian, B. S., Yang, Y., Wei, G. B., & Li, C. (2024). Physical-medical integration policies and health equity promotion in China: a text analysis based on policy instruments. International Journal for Equity in Health , 23 (1), Article 266. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-024-02327-9 Zipes, J. (2006). Fairy tales and the art of subversion: The classical genre for children and the process of civilization: Second edition. Fairy Tales and the Art of Subversion: The Classical Genre for Children and the Process of Civilization: Second Edition , 1-254. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203959824 Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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(Tsitsani et al., 2012)The above quotation shows that fairy tales can share children\u0026apos;s desires, express children\u0026apos;s anxieties, and express inner peace. The psychological effects of fairy tales on children have attracted the attention of numerous scholars. In the relevant literature, Western scholars have shown that fairy tales provide children with rich story content and that this content has a certain impact on their childhood life. (Rokotnitz N . 2018)However, few studies have explored the impact of fairy tales on children\u0026apos;s psychology through quantitative research, especially how Chinese fairy tales affect the psychology of Chinese readers and how this psychology affects children\u0026apos;s reading of fairy tales. Therefore, this study aims to fill this gap by adopting multiple methods. First, this paper takes the classic fairy tale book \u0026quot;Chinese Fairy Tales\u0026quot; (a complete set of 12 volumes), which is sold on Dangdang, the largest online bookstore in China, as an example and collects readers\u0026apos; comments on this book through crawler technology. This big data method can be used to explore the psychological experiences of numerous readers. This type of research has rarely been discussed in previous research. After the readers\u0026apos; reading experience is reviewed, we analyse the online texts to explore the psychological factors that specifically affect the reading of fairy tales. Research reveals that nostalgia plays an important role in promoting children\u0026apos;s fairy tale reading. The theory of readers\u0026apos; nostalgia and psychological ownership has been well confirmed in readers\u0026apos; comments. This article analyses the five aspects of nostalgia psychology in fairy tales and proposes some suggestions on how to promote the reading of fairy tales and children\u0026apos;s psychological treatment.\u003c/p\u003e\n"},{"header":"Literature Review","content":"\u003cp\u003eResearch into the psychological effects of fairy tales on children has generated lasting interest in academia. Since the 1920s, there has been heated debate on whether fairy tales have positive or negative effects on children\u0026apos;s psychology. Some psychiatrists, such as Felix Adler, recommended the elimination of fairy tales together because of their \u0026quot;harmful, superstitious, and immoral elements, such as the success of trickery and cunning. \u0026quot;(Eddy Jacalyn, 2006) Montessori likewise crusaded against fairy tales, declaring that they \u0026quot;plunge the child into the supernatural and merely prolong his period of mental confusion\u0026quot;, creating a \u0026quot;dread of reality and terror of the actual.\u0026quot; (Eddy Jacalyn, 2006) One professor at Clark University stated that \u0026quot;fear, imagination, and ignorance make life hard for the child. In fairy tales, his own desires for himself are realized. It is his compensation for being little and helpless. \u0026quot;(Gruenberg, 1927)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, some other scholars hold different opinions, holding that Faky Tale, as the favourite literary style of children, is in line with children\u0026apos;s psychological development and spiritual world. For example, fairy tales have constructive value; they fulfil children\u0026apos;s wishes: they have the same structure as dreams do, and their content is truly nothing more than the disguised realization of wishes. However, as my case history will show, under certain circumstances, the fairy tale may cause harm and produce a traumatic effect.(Lorand, 1935) \u0026nbsp;Benjamin Gruenberg, president of the Child Study Association of America, fairy tales represented \u0026quot;abnormal gratification,\u0026quot; encouraging \u0026quot;primitive thinking\u0026quot; and hindering proper development. Fairy tales, Gruenberg warned, prolonged \u0026quot;the wishing stage,\u0026quot; thereby preventing children from exerting the \u0026quot;real effort\u0026quot; necessary to obtain goals in life. In addition to the possibility of future resistance to social roles, a child overly interested in books of any kind might fail to socialize here and now. Gruenberg worried that \u0026quot;while it is legitimate to use books. As entertainment, the danger suggested lies not in the books themselves but in other elements of the child\u0026apos;s environment\u0026mdash;such as the absence of stimulus or opportunity for interesting activities. \u0026quot;(Gruenberg, 1927)In addition, there was a group of female scholars who read and promoted fairy tales. They believed that fairy tales, as a kind of imaginative literature, reflect the \u0026quot;larger reality of human existence. \u0026quot;(JENKINS, 1996)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWith respect to the unhealthy imagination of many murders and kidnappings in fairy tales mentioned by psychologists, these female scholars constantly suggest that reading fairy tales should not pay too much attention to details but should pay attention to the excellent qualities embodied in fairy tales, such as courage and loyalty. Second, the women scholars also linked fairy tale writers to poets, arguing that children cannot rely solely on scientific theories for development; in contrast, children must look to \u0026quot;rare poets, novelists and essayists\u0026quot; to obtain \u0026quot;intellectual honesty and spiritual clarity\u0026quot; because children here will be \u0026quot;a new world of exploration and discovery\u0026quot;. (Eddy Jacalyn, 2006) There is no reason to bar from the vigorous and buoyant minds of normal children\u0026apos;s legitimate folk experiences and fancies.(R, 1962)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the 1970s, Bettelheim argued that the messages of fairy tales are not simple but rather very complex and manyare, indeed, of great value.(B, 1977)emphasized the importance of fairy tales and detailed the relationship between children and fairy tales, especially emphasizing the benefits of traditional fairy tales for young children because they stimulate imagination and help children cope with inevitable fears of childhood, such as abandonment, and convinced them that difficult situations will eventually improve. As persuasive as he writes, Bettelheim offers no objective evidence to support his position. Fairy tales also serve as a means of cultural transmission, reflecting collective folk wisdom and moral teachings that have evolved over centuries. They are seen as a way to engage children in complex social interactions and moral dilemmas(Zipes, 2006)On the other hand, there is also no hard evidence that fairy tales are harmful.(G, 1991) The therapeutic aspect of this fairy tale is the authors\u0026apos; concern for the emotions of the children readers, which is why the narrative emphasizes that they are not alone and can always count on other people who love them.(o. Karbowniczek, 2020)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the 1990s, the psychological reference to fairy tales became more widespread. Japanese researchers, for example, used fairy tales to ease pain in children during dental procedures(Nagasaka, 1991) Greek psychologist Coulacoglou C used fairy tales as early as 1992 and created the Fairy Tale Test (FTT), another successful example of using fairy tales in psychological measurement and therapy(Coulacoglou, 2000)In contemporary challenges, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, new fairy tales have emerged to help children understand and cope with changes in their environment. These stories often portray the virus as a villain, providing children with a framework to process their fears and anxieties(J. Karbowniczek, \u0026amp; Kucharska, B., 2020)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFairy tales play a crucial role in children\u0026apos;s development, serving as tools for sharing desires and expressing inner conflicts. They are integral to children\u0026apos;s everyday lives and help them navigate their emotions and experiences (Tsitsani et al., 2012). Fairy tales are often used as instructive tools by parents to soothe anxieties and set examples for children, reinforcing moral lessons and social values \u0026nbsp;(Martina Girsang, 2023). The narratives within fairy tales are believed to stimulate children\u0026apos;s imagination and promote their initiative and capacity for autonomy, which is often more effective than everyday life experiences (Rokotnitz N . 2018). Classic fairy tales are preferred by children over modern adaptations, with stories such as \u0026quot;Little Red Riding Hood\u0026quot; being particularly popular. This preference highlights the enduring appeal of traditional narratives in shaping children\u0026apos;s understanding of good and evil \u0026nbsp;(J. Karbowniczek, \u0026amp; Kucharska, B., 2020).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis is because scholars have long argued about the relationship between fairy tales and children\u0026apos;s psychology. However, most of the above academic studies focus on Western fairy tales, and little attention has been given to the influence of Chinese fairy tales on Chinese fairy tales. In particular, few studies have investigated the influence of Chinese fairy tales on children\u0026apos;s psychology through quantitative research. However, there are very few studies on how Chinese fairy tales affect Chinese readers\u0026apos; psychology and how this psychology affects children\u0026apos;s fairy tales. According to the 7th National Census in 2020, 298 million children exist in China(China, 2021). Given the large number of children in China, how do these children understand and absorb the messages in fairy tales, and how do these stories shape their psychology and cognition? Will reading Chinese fairy tales have negative psychological effects on them? How do these elements affect children\u0026apos;s psychological experience? Unfortunately, we still lack in-depth research on these questions. Content analysis is a systematic method well-suited to large-scale textual research. It was used to code and thematically analyze Chinese newspaper articles, revealing four dominant media frames about e-cigarettes(Liu et al., 2022). Drawing on this approach, the present study applies content analysis to children\u0026rsquo;s fairy-tale reading, using the classic volume Chinese Fairy Tales as a case and collecting readers\u0026rsquo; experiential data from the Dangdang book-review platform.Chinese Fairy Tales is chosen because it is a set of children\u0026apos;s books with classic status in the field of fairy tales. This set of books has been carefully compiled by hundreds of craftsmen for 10 years and contains 362 original Chinese stories, covering six themes, such as festival stories, myths and legends, folktales, stories of historical celebrities, idioms and allusions, and fables. It has won numerous awards, including the Golden Ding Award in Taiwan and the Gold Medal Award in Singapore for Best Book, and is regarded as a \u0026quot;family heirloom\u0026quot; by Chinese people around the world. Second, since \u0026quot;China Fairy Tales\u0026quot; was introduced to the mainland by Tiandi Publishing House in February 2018, it has received the love of many readers and is sold well on Dangdang online. Online \u0026quot;China Fairy Tales\u0026quot; lasts from 2018--2024 and has a longer duration of fairy sales.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Research and design","content":"\u003cp\u003eUsing a web crawler, readers\u0026apos; comments on China Fairy Tales on the Dangdang website from June 17, 2018, to April 25, 2024, were statistically analysed, the emotional reading experience of Chinese fairy tales was scored, and the factors affecting Chinese readers\u0026apos; reading were subsequently coded and analysed. To identify the most authentic reading experience and psychological factors of Chinese readers, they read fairy tales.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eData collection\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo obtain the review data of designated books on Dangdang, we designed and implemented a Python-based crawler program. The program automatically captures the review information of books in a multistep way and stores it as an Excel file. The following is the specific implementation process of the crawler:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImport the required libraries First, we import the necessary Python libraries:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003erequests are used to send HTTP requests to Dangdang servers to obtain web page data.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBeautiful soup is used to parse the HTML of a web page and extract the required information.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003epanda is used to store and process comment data and eventually export it as an Excel file.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo ensure that crawlers can successfully access Dangdang and avoid being identified by the website as machine requests, we set HTTP headers and cookies in the request. This information simulates the request behavior of normal users to ensure that the crawler can successfully access the target web page.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe specify the URL of the Dangdang book review page and set the request parameters, including the product ID (pid) and page number (page). The crawler crawled the review page by page through paging and obtained all the relevant review data. This process iterates 96 times, traversing all the comment pages.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGET comment information On each page, the crawler sends a GET request and obtains the response data. The response data are in HTML format, and we use beautiful soup to parse the HTML content and extract the following information:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUsername: The username of the commenter, obtained by parsing the \u0026lt;p class=\u0026apos;name\u0026apos;\u0026gt; tag in HTML.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eComment score: The rating given by the reviewer parses the rating data in the \u0026lt;div class=\u0026apos;stars\u0026apos;\u0026gt; tag in HTML.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eComment content: The specific feedback content of the reviewer extracts the text in the \u0026lt;p class=\u0026apos;review_text\u0026apos;\u0026gt; tag.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eComment time: When the comment was published, the date information in the \u0026lt;span class=\u0026apos;date\u0026apos;\u0026gt; tag was parsed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEach time a comment is extracted, the crawler stores it in a Pandas DataFrame. This dataframe contains four fields: username, comment score, comment content, and comment time. By adding these data to the DataFrame one by one, we are able to organize and manage the captured comment data effectively.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAfter all the comment data have been successfully crawled, we use the pandas\u0026apos; to_Excel() method to save the data in an Excel file. The file is named Review.xlsx and does not contain the row index.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFinally, the program prints \u0026quot;Data saved to review.xlsx file.\u0026quot; \u0026quot;, which shows that the crawler task has been successfully completed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFrom June 17, 2018, to June 14, 2024, the crawler collected 1,428 comments. These comments were coded, and nine aspects were obtained, as shown in Table 1:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 1\u0026ndash;Book purchase and reading experience feedback statistics\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 27.2563%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCategory\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 17.148%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFrequency\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 55.5957%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSpecific content\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 27.2563%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePacking\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 17.148%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e134\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 55.5957%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePacking issues of books\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 27.2563%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eQuality of content\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 17.148%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e113\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 55.5957%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe quality of book content\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 27.2563%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTraditional culture\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 17.148%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 55.5957%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTraditional cultural elements in books\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 27.2563%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePrice\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 17.148%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 55.5957%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe price or discounts when purchasing books\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 27.2563%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eExpress service\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 17.148%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 55.5957%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe quality of express services\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 27.2563%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMotivation to buy\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 17.148%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 55.5957%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eReasons for buying books\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 27.2563%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBook weight\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 17.148%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 55.5957%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe quality of book illustrations\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 27.2563%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIllustration quality\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 17.148%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 55.5957%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe weight or portability of books\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 27.2563%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eParent-child reading\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 17.148%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 55.5957%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe experience of parent-child reading\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe table shows that consumers pay the most attention to the book\u0026apos;s packaging, content quality and traditional cultural elements when evaluating Chinese Fairy Tales while also taking into account factors such as price, express delivery service and purchase motivation. This information provides valuable feedback for publishers and sales platforms to help them optimize products and improve service quality.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe reader\u0026apos;s psychological experience with fairy tales is included in the 1,428 comments, so the text can be analysed via the free software KHCoder. This approach has reproducibility of analysis results through automatic operation and avoids the incorporation of researcher prejudices (Hirahara, 2021).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFigure 1 Specific research steps are as follows: Step 1: Collect and digitize all the comments published in Dangdang\u0026apos;s China Fairy Tales from 2018--2024. The text analysis is aimed at Chinese, as the article uses Chinese as the original language. However, for writing this article, the morphemes in the text data were translated into English. Step 2: Preprocess and analyse the word frequency table. Step 3: 116 commonly used words are listed, and the co-occurrence relationships between them are visualized in the network diagram. The graph consists of the first 70 relationships that use the Jaccard index to calculate the similarity between common words in paragraph units. Step 4: Perform an analysis of the word clusters in the document. The 10 word clusters of the document content explain the participants\u0026apos; experiences and perceptions of fairy tale reading. Step 5: Word co-occurrence network analysis. The co-occurrence network construction technique offers a visual method to display key individuals, organizations, and concepts present in the text, as well as to uncover the potential links among these prominent terms. This technology operates on the principle of identifying the most commonly used words within a text through word frequency analysis. It then connects words that frequently cooccur with straight lines to create a network graph. In this graph, words that appear more frequently are represented by larger circles.(MaoWenwei, 2019) This graph intuitively shows the high-frequency words in the text and the relationships among them. These high-frequency words often show hot events in the text, and the relationships between the words reflect some important information about these events.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003eOn the basis of the analysis of 1428 comments, the occurrence network of frequent words related to reading experience in the comments of \u0026quot;Chinese Fairy Tales\u0026quot; and the occurrence information among these words were analysed via the \u0026quot;co-occurrence network\u0026quot; function of the KH-Coder, as shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFigure 2-3 illustrates a co-occurrence network that describes correlations between frequently used words. The node size is proportional to the word frequency; the edge size is proportional to the similarity calculated via the Jaccard index. By observing the co-occurrence network in Figures 2--3, the high-frequency words in each group of texts were extracted and combined to form several large or small high-frequency word groups. These high-frequency word groups reveal the reading experience of Chinese Fairy Tales. Positive comments such as \u0026quot;good\u0026quot; and \u0026quot;recommend\u0026quot; appear in the high-frequency words, and the reading experience of fairy tales is full of affirmation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo verify the readers\u0026apos; emotional experience of reading the book, we calculated these comments via the emotional score method. First, we stored the comment data in CSV format, and each CSV file corresponds to a specific evaluation dimension (e.g., parent\u0026ndash;child, traditional culture, or experience). The files were preprocessed to ensure that they had a clear structure and that each comment had been cleaned for subsequent sentiment analysis. Delete unnecessary columns: Keep the comment column and delete other irrelevant columns to ensure that the data are clear and concise.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThen, SnowNLP is used as a tool for sentiment analysis. The sentiment score ranges from 0 to 1, where a value close to 0 indicates that the comment sentiment is negative. A value close to 1 indicates more positive emotion, whereas a value closer to 1 indicates more positive emotion. Positive emotion comments contain positive words such as\u0026nbsp;\u0026ldquo;satisfaction,\u0026rdquo;\u0026nbsp;\u0026ldquo;well,\u0026rdquo;\u0026nbsp;\u0026ldquo;like\u0026rdquo;\u0026nbsp;and\u0026nbsp;\u0026ldquo;satisfaction,\u0026rdquo;\u0026nbsp;whereas a value closer to 0 indicates more negative emotions. Negative comments contain negative words such as\u0026nbsp;\u0026ldquo;dispersatisfaction,\u0026rdquo;\u0026nbsp;\u0026ldquo;poor,\u0026rdquo;\u0026nbsp;\u0026ldquo;disappointment,\u0026rdquo;\u0026nbsp;\u0026ldquo;bad\u0026rdquo;\u0026nbsp;and\u0026nbsp;\u0026ldquo;problem.\u0026rdquo;\u0026nbsp;After the sentiment of all the comments in each CSV file was scored, the average sentiment score of nine aspects, including packaging, content quality, traditional culture and price, was calculated. The average sentiment score represents the sentiment tendency of the whole dataset.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe results obtained via calculation are shown in Figure 4:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFairy Tales\u0026quot; is far greater than 0.5, close to 1, and its emotional evaluation is positive. Through this method, we can understand the emotional distribution and tendency of Dangdang book reviews and analyse the user feedback of different book types or topics to better understand readers\u0026apos; emotional response to the book content.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;In the word co-occurrence network, we can also see a group of pictures that show numerous words with strong nostalgia for China, tradition, ancestors, etc., as shown in Figure 5.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese words show that readers of fairy tales have strong nostalgia for their own country\u0026apos;s fairy tales, they try to learn about the fairy tales handed down by their ancestors, some people try to have aspirations by learning about their ancestors\u0026apos; reading experiences in the past, and they are eager to develop their own country and nation\u0026apos;s experiences through personal development to express their yearning for a better future. This evidence supports the view that the nostalgic drive of \u0026quot;psychological ownership\u0026quot; matters in children\u0026apos;s reading of Chinese fairy tales.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003ePsychological ownership\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePsychological ownership manifests the extension of self-identity through psychologically owning a collection of\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003etangible and intangible targets as \u0026apos;mine\u0026apos; (Lin, 2022) In this inquiry, psychological ownership refers to one\u0026apos;s possessive feeling that the site is \u0026apos;mine\u0026apos;(Lin, 2022). These include having a place, self-efficacy, self-identity, responsibility, and territoriality. (Lin, 2023)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe theory posits three routes for developing a possessive feeling: exercise of control, intimate knowledge, and investment of the self (Pierce, 2003).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePsychological ownership, as a subjective sense of possession, has been widely applied in consumer behavior research. (Rogers, 2021) points out that even in the absence of legal ownership, individuals may develop psychological ownership over rented or shared items through pathways such as control, familiarity, and self-investment, thereby influencing their attitudes and behaviors. (S. Li et al., 2021)further validate the role of psychological ownership in customer behavior, finding that self-image congruity and functional congruity can enhance customers\u0026rsquo; sense of psychological ownership toward a brand through \u0026ldquo;impression in memory.\u0026rdquo; These studies provide theoretical support for understanding how children form a sense of \u0026ldquo;psychological ownership\u0026rdquo; toward texts through emotional engagement and memory construction during reading.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe five attributes of the psychological ownership attribute include possession of a location, self-efficacy, self-identity, responsibility, and territoriness. (Lin, 2023)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNext, we explore the influence of fairy tale reading from the perspective of psychological ownership, with a focus on how these elements affect children\u0026apos;s reading psychology.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUnfolding these motivational factors lays the groundwork for understanding the psychological possession of fairy tales. Unfolding these motivational factors lays the groundwork for understanding the psychological possession of fairy tales.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;1. Connections to the past\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIntimate knowing pushes individuals\u0026apos; \u0026apos;come to find themselves psychologically tied to things because of their active participation or association with those things\u0026apos;(Pierce, 2003).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings underscore that readers of fairy tales tend to actively learn about the culture and history behind these tales.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026quot;I find my childhood in it, all the folk stories my grandfather told me when I was a son\u0026apos;s age.\u0026quot; (R11)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026quot;I always miss the 365 nights when I was a child, and this big book just makes up for the regrets of my childhood. Wait for the baby to grow up, estimated at least five years old, to start the wonderful time of one story a day!\u0026quot; (R101)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026quot;Reading such stories makes me miss the image of my grandfather telling me stories when I was young, which is very warm. This should be the happiness that books can bring us.\u0026quot; (R325)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003col start=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003ch3\u003eSelf-efficacy\u003c/h3\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSelf-efficacy\u0026nbsp;concerns\u0026nbsp;one\u0026apos;s\u0026nbsp;belief\u0026nbsp;in\u0026nbsp;ability\u0026nbsp;to\u0026nbsp;Successfully executing actions to perform a task effectively(Avey, 2009) . It reflects what it feels like to be in control \u0026quot;to meet my needs; being the cause of one\u0026apos;s control or actions results in feelings of efficacy and pleasure and creates\u0026nbsp;extrinsic satisfaction\u0026nbsp;as certain desirable outcomes are acquired. The desire to experience\u0026nbsp;causal efficacy in altering the environment\u0026nbsp;leads to attempts to take possession and to the\u0026nbsp;emergence of feelings of ownership.(Pierce, 2003)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResearch has shown that readers of fairy tales can feel the power of self-control in the process of reading. For example, they enjoy the feeling of reading one story a day.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026quot;My 11-year-old son could not sleep or eat enough to read it to me. He could not help but read it to me with emotion! He had never shown that he truly liked the books before. I read the recommended article, very moved, worthy of the craftsman!\u0026quot; (R22)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026quot;I would like to waste this wonderful weekend on reading, on parent\u0026ndash;child time.\u0026quot; (R625)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003col start=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003ch3\u003eSelf-identification\u003c/h3\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAvey\u0026nbsp;et\u0026nbsp;al.\u0026nbsp;(2009)\u0026nbsp;remarked,\u0026nbsp;individuals\u0026nbsp;often\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003erely\u0026nbsp;on\u0026nbsp;their\u0026nbsp;interactions\u0026nbsp;with\u0026nbsp;tangible\u0026nbsp;and\u0026nbsp;intangible\u0026nbsp;possessed\u0026nbsp;targets\u0026nbsp;to\u0026nbsp;reshape\u0026nbsp;their\u0026nbsp;personal\u0026nbsp;identities. Self-iden tity provides individuals with a source to\u0026nbsp;\u0026lsquo;know themselves, define themselves, and express their self-identity to others\u0026apos; \u0026quot;(S. H. Li et al., 2021). People collect and publicly display a myriad of different objects as symbolic expressions of their\u0026nbsp;self-identity.(Pierce, 2001)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026quot;This book brings us warmth and strength\u0026quot;. (R28)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026quot;The pictures inside also have memories of my childhood.\u0026quot; (R63)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026quot;I will take her with me to read our own fairy tales every day, and may she be nourished by good myths!\u0026quot; (R15)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStep 4: Responsibility\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExperienced responsibility and stewardship. Psychological ownership for a particular target may\u0026nbsp;also promote feelings of responsibility that include feelings of being protective, caring, and nurturing and the proactive assumption of responsibility for that target(Pierce, 2003). When an individual\u0026apos;s sense of self is closely linked to\u0026nbsp;the target, a desire to maintain, protect, or enhance that identity will result in an enhanced sense of\u0026nbsp;responsibility.(Pierce, 2003)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026quot;Growing up with the baby is the best company, and the baby will have something to talk about\u0026quot; (R1230).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAfter getting the express, and the baby dismantled together, the baby got the book cannot wait to read a half an hour, the baby said:\u0026nbsp;\u0026ldquo;Mom, I was intoxicated by this book!\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReceived, the packaging is very good but also a good opportunity to learn, after learning for the baby\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003col start=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003ch3\u003eSense of territory\u003c/h3\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eIn The Territorial Imperative\u003c/em\u003e, Ardrey attempts to demonstrate that \u0026quot;man is as much a territorial animal...\u0026quot; Home ownership has likewise been argued to satisfy the human need for having a place\u0026mdash;\u0026quot;my place(Tuttle., 1968)Personification of owned objects serves to promote security, identity, and individualism, each of which is important because it represents freedom of self-determination. (Pierce, 2003)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOur findings suggest that readers of fairy tales increasingly need to associate their reading with the nation and that fairy tales are also a way of extending identity. In the review of Chinese Fairy Tales, taking the topic of \u0026quot;fairy tales\u0026quot; as an example, the author uses KH-Coder\u0026apos;s \u0026quot;KWIC Concordance\u0026quot; function to extract the word \u0026quot;Chinese\u0026quot; from 32,201 characters in 1,428 reviews. The number of words shared by fairy tales in the review was 184. Among them, the number of cooccurrences with \u0026quot;fairy\u0026quot; reaches 66, as shown in Table 2:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 2 The distribution of high-intensity co-occurrence words in fairy tales\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\"\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"99%\"\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eN\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWord\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePOS\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLT\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRT\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eL5\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eL4\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eL3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eL2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eL1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eR1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eR2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eR3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eR4\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eR5\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe Score\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003efairy\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNoun\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61.317\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003etale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNoun\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.767\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003etraditional\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAdj\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.800\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eculture\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNoun\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.417\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003estory\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNoun\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.900\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003echild\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNoun\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.767\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003every\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAdv\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.283\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ebook\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNoun\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\n 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style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.217\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003egood\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAdj\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.783\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003estyle\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNoun\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.500\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;KH-Coder has recently been shown to quickly code, network and cluster large textual corpora.health-equity concepts embedded in physical-medical integration policies have been uncovered(Zhao et al., 2024); the construction of national identity in \u0026ldquo;dual-carbon\u0026rdquo; news has been traced via co-occurrence networks(Li \u0026amp; Zhao, 2025);and mental-health narratives have been illuminated through clustering techniques(Muramatsu, 2024). These precedents confirm the tool\u0026rsquo;s reliability across macro-policy and micro-emotion analyses and thus furnish methodological support for the present fairy-tale review investigation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn KH co-occurrence statistics, the score usually refers to the \u0026quot;Mutual Information\u0026quot; score, which is a statistic that measures the strength of the co-occurrence relationship between two words. A mutual information score can reflect the difference between how often two words occur together and the product of how often they occur independently. Specifically, if two words occur more often together than they do independently, then the mutual information score between the two words will be higher, indicating a strong correlation between them.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe MI score values of these words were calculated together with \u0026quot;fairy tale.\u0026quot; The position relationship between \u0026quot;China\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;classic\u0026quot; and most co-occurrence words and keywords is relatively fixed, whereas words such as \u0026quot;story\u0026quot; and \u0026quot;like\u0026quot; generally appear after the word.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the specific comments, we can see several comments linking fairy tales with the motherland:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026quot;In this set of books, we can see our unique folk customs and art materials of the past dynasties, which will be beautiful for children\u0026apos;s memory.\u0026quot; (R17)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAt the same time, they also make a common criticism of fairy tales that are not their own country and their own people; for example, \u0026quot;It hurts to see children\u0026apos;s books westernized on the shelves at home.\u0026quot; (R17)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026quot;At a time when Western fairy tales such as Snow White are rampant, such books are badly needed, thanks to Han Sheng editors\u0026apos; efforts\u0026quot; (R16).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs Chinese people, we should not just try to steal foreign fairy tales. China\u0026apos;s own fairy tales are what we need to understand most.\u0026quot; (R28)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;Linking fairy tales with national and national emotions mainly stems from the fact that \u0026quot;psychological ownership can also produce a sense of territory. \u0026quot; (Lin, 2023)Research reveals that psychological ownership can cultivate a sense of connection with one\u0026apos;s country through the reading of native fairy tales, a sentiment that can develop into a sense of territoriality. Territoriality essentially differs from having a place, although the latter is promotion-driven(Avey, 2009).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn contrast, territoriality is prevention oriented, focusing\u0026nbsp;on \u0026apos;the use of an external reference for territoriality and\u0026nbsp;defensiveness\u0026apos;(Avey, 2009). In this vein,\u0026nbsp;feelings of territoriality compel individuals to fear that the\u0026nbsp;owned target may be affected by external entities, thereby\u0026nbsp;eliciting defensive endeavors\u0026nbsp;(Avey, 2009).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study revealed that fairy tale readers, especially those who strongly believe that the book embodies the characteristics of the country\u0026apos;s own people, made efforts to protect their native fairy tales. They indicated their efforts in promoting the reading of these fairy tales, including the purchase, recommendation and reading of these fairy tales, actively protecting the purity of their country\u0026apos;s fairy tales and restoring cultural identity. For some readers, they object to forgetting any historical stories, including traditional festivals.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026quot;Chinese people cannot forget tradition, the traditional stories have great significance, even myths and legends, also has far-reaching significance; children\u0026apos;s hearts can not only Christmas, Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva, jade Emperor, too white Venus, the land of the father-in-law these should go deeper into the child\u0026apos;s heart.\u0026quot; (R107)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026quot;Highly recommended, especially good book, the quality of the book, the arrangement, the composition and color of the color picture, all aspects reflect the classical Chinese beauty and strong national characteristics, worth reading and collecting.\u0026quot; (R156)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;Publishers could do a better job embedding nostalgic appeals in their fairy book offerings to evoke nostalgia. This method can cater to their nostalgic emotions in promoting the promotion and consumption of books to better cultivate children\u0026apos;s interest in reading. Similarly, in the design of fairy tale books, readers should be given a control lever, whether in the purchase process or the reading process, so that readers can better reflect their sense of participation in reading. Designing some evaluation levels after reading fairy tales is a way to meet this increasing need for control.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMore importantly, since fairy tales are about telling Chinese stories, in China, telling Chinese stories well has become a central concern of local authorities. Thus, cultivating a sense of \u0026quot;home/hometown\u0026quot; through fairy tales books is closely related to taking a place in developing psychological ownership. Especially in Chinese culture and traditions, homes/hometowns not only represent places for dwelling and gathering but also symbolize belonging, identity, and the inner self\u0026apos; (Yin et al., 2022).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Limitations and Future Directions","content":"\u003cp\u003eWhile this study paves the way for a better understanding of the effects of fairy tales on the psyche of children and nostalgia in particular, its limitations should also be considered. First, the survey was conducted on a set of classic books on Dangdang. This limits the generality of the findings, as the unique characteristics of the book may influence the results. It is therefore critical to conduct research in fairy books to cross-verify the findings of this study. Second, while this study focuses on the psychology of fairy tale reading, we believe that our findings can be applied to other settings for fairy tale reading that have nostalgic appeal. A quantitative research design was used to prove the positive effects of fairy tales on children\u0026apos;s psychology, especially the causal relationship and interrelationship between the nostalgic emotions induced by fairy tales and children\u0026apos;s psychological ownership. In addition, the research results also show that children have a strong sense of belonging to a place in the process of reading local fairy tales. In future studies, we will further explore this phenomenon to enrich the existing knowledge of the psychological effects of fairy tales on children.\u003c/p\u003e\n"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003eFunding\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe author(s) received Major Humanities and Social Sciences Research Projects in Zhejiang higher education institutions，Grant/Award Number: 2024GH028\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe data set is available via restricted access at: \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ehttps://zenodo.org/records/17149179?token=eyJhbGciOiJIUzUxMiJ9.eyJpZCI6\nImJhNjkyNTMzLTc1ZWUtNGYzMC1hOG\nNlLTNkOTdjNTVjMWM0MCIsImRhdGEi\nOnt9LCJyYW5kb20iOiI5NDg5ZWViNjEw\nYzhhNzdhNzAxZDZkOTcyYTRjMDJmMC\nJ9.0rwK6T0f6M6qVY73ABQcwXancwVt4\nrZ8IVZhcfHQFqE5utsose6dG-hpRBc\nFamBGF1-dWoAdCkJ5VkR2TL7pSg\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAvey, J. 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Fairy tales and the art of subversion: The classical genre for children and the process of civilization: Second edition. \u003cem\u003eFairy Tales and the Art of Subversion: The Classical Genre for Children and the Process of Civilization: Second Edition\u003c/em\u003e, 1-254. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203959824 \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Nostalgia, Fairy tales, Psychological impact, Reading experience, Chinese culture","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7659309/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7659309/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eBackground: Despite the popularity of Chinese classic fairy tales, research on the psychological impact of reading such stories remains limited, especially regarding the causes and functions of nostalgia. This study explores the association between nostalgia and the experience of reading Chinese classic fairy tales. The findings indicate that nostalgia is linked to increased reading interest among children and offer implications for educational and developmental psychology.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMethod: We collected 1,428 reviews of \"Chinese Fairy Tales\" from Dangdang.com and calculated the emotional scores of Chinese fairy tales to obtain positive emotions toward fairy tales. Moreover, through KH Coder software, we conducted a visual analysis of multiple aspects of the positive emotions of Chinese readers toward fairy tales, revealing that fairy tale readers have a strong sense of nostalgia for their own fairy tales. The fundamental cause of this nostalgia is psychological ownership, which includes five aspects: occupying a position, self-efficacy, self-identity, a sense of responsibility, and territoriality.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConclusion: Our research results indicate that nostalgia plays a significant role in the reading experience of Chinese classic fairy tales. Since exposure to nostalgic content is related to increased interest in reading, especially among children, this study emphasizes the importance of understanding the role of nostalgia in promoting reading habits.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Positive emotions in fairy-tale reading: A text-mining study of nostalgia from 1,428 online reviews","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-02-11 17:06:03","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7659309/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"f72a2ae1-2d45-4560-8d7b-c6608d65599d","owner":[],"postedDate":"February 11th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":62646716,"name":"Humanities/Cultural and media studies"},{"id":62646717,"name":"Social science/Cultural and media studies"},{"id":62646718,"name":"Humanities/Literature"},{"id":62646719,"name":"Biological sciences/Psychology"},{"id":62646720,"name":"Social science/Psychology"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-02-12T08:57:01+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-02-11 17:06:03","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7659309","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7659309","identity":"rs-7659309","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}