Paraurethral Endometriosis as a Common Pathology in an Uncommon Location: A Case Report and a Review of the Literature

Jawaher Alsahabi, Mohammad Dendini, Eman F Al-Zahrani, Abdulaziz Alosiami, Elham Bamanie
Cureus · 2023 · vol. 15(2) , pp. e35024 · doi:10.7759/cureus.35024 · PMID:36938183 · PMC10022841 · W4320912830
review OA: gold CC0 ⤵ 1 in-corpus citation
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⚙ AI-generated summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-10 ⓘ

This report details a nulliparous patient with paraurethral endometriosis presenting with mild urinary symptoms, highlighting the rarity of this condition and suggesting embryonic remnants as a possible cause.

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⚙ AI-generated deep summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-10 ⓘ

This paper presents a case report of a 30-year-old nulliparous woman with mild urinary symptoms and a well-defined paraurethral cyst detected during Foley catheter insertion, alongside a review of seven previously reported English-language cases of paraurethral endometriosis. Using clinical examination, MRI (suggesting hemorrhagic content), cystourethroscopy (showing normal urethra and bladder mucosa with no connection), and complete surgical excision, histopathology confirmed endometriosis, and the patient had no cyst or symptom recurrence for 10 months. The authors note that the condition is extremely rare and that the underlying pathogenesis remains unclear, though their discussion favors an embryonic remnants of Müllerian ducts explanation based on lack of prior surgery and the reviewed parity patterns, and they do not provide long-term outcome data beyond follow-up. This paper is centrally about endometriosis — it specifically reports and contextualizes paraurethral endometriosis as a rare cause of urinary tract symptoms and paraurethral cysts.

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Abstract

Paraurethral endometriosis is an extremely rare condition. To the best of our knowledge, only seven cases with details on variable risk factors have been reported in the English literature. Herein, we present the case of a third nulliparous patient described in the literature at the time of diagnosis. A 30-year-old woman presented with mild urinary symptoms. A well-defined 2.3 cm paraurethral cystic lesion was found on clinical examination, and MRI findings were suggestive of hemorrhagic content, with no evidence of pelvic endometriosis. Complete surgical excision was performed, and the patient's symptoms improved. The patient experienced no recurrence for 10 months postoperatively. The histopathological findings were suggestive of endometriosis. These findings might indicate that embryonic remnants are possible causes of the pathogenesis of paraurethral endometriosis.

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Condition tags

endometriosis

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References (14)

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