Dual chromosomal origins of replication (oriC) in the genomes of the Halomonadaceae – a prediction study

Chromosome replication is a key process in the bacterial cell cycle. Most, but not all, bacteria follow the "Replicon Model" for the initiation step: Their genomes encode an initiator and contain a replicator locus at which the initiator acts as activator. The single chromosomes of the model organisms E. coli and B. subtilis each contain one dnaA gene encoding the initiator protein DnaA, and one replication origin, oriC . The single chromosome of P. aeruginosa is the only exception known to date that contains two functional replication origins, oriC1 and oriC2 . Since a preliminary study indicated that this unusual dualorigin configuration is also found in other Pseudomonadaceae, it seemed interesting to examine whether it can also be predicted for the Halomonadaceae, a sister clade of the Pseudomonadaceae. Here I show that of 163 Halomonadaceae genomes with an annotated dnaA gene, 23 have a single predicted origin, oriC2 , and 138 have dual predicted origins, oriC1 and oriC2 , with the genomic localizations of both corresponding to those in the P. aeruginosa genome. The distribution of species/strains with single or dual predicted oriC ·s in the taxogenomic tree of the Halomonadaceae suggests that a demise of oriC1 or its "downgrading" occurred repeatedly during their diversification. Experimental studies of chromosome replication in individual species/strains of the Halomonadaceae, and likewise computational cell cycle simulations, can benefit from taking the single/dual origin predictions presented here into account.