Study of microwave magnetic field saturation properties of an inhomogeneous CW-EPR line in the vicinity of Rabi resonance: Possible application for B 1 estimation

Study of microwave magnetic field saturation properties of an inhomogeneous CW-EPR line in the vicinity of Rabi resonance: Possible application for B 1 estimation | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Study of microwave magnetic field saturation properties of an inhomogeneous CW-EPR line in the vicinity of Rabi resonance: Possible application for B 1 estimation Boris Rakvin, Jurica Jurec This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4426736/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 05 Aug, 2024 Read the published version in Applied Magnetic Resonance → Version 1 posted 10 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The spectrum of continuous wave electron paramagnetic resonance (CW-EPR) was analyzed with respect to the shape of the line under microwave (MW) power saturation ( \({P}_{MW}\sim{B}_{1}^{1/2};{B}_{1 }\) is intensity of MW magnetic field). The used \({B}_{1 }\) increases until the Rabi frequency \(({\omega }_{1}=\gamma {B}_{1}\) , \(\gamma\) is the electron gyromagnetic ratio) approaches the radiofrequency \(\left({\omega }_{rf}\right)\) used as the magnetic modulation frequency. The possible effect of Rabi resonance \(\left({\omega }_{1}={\omega }_{rf}\right)\) , on spin packets system can be detected under the condition of “weak modulation near the Rabi resonance” ( \({\omega }_{2}\ll {\omega }_{1}\approx {\omega }_{rf})\) where \({\omega }_{2}\) is modulation amplitude of radiofrequency field expressed in frequency units. Inhomogeneously broadened, CW-EPR, lines of the P1 (N s 0 ) nitrogen centers (30ppm>[N s 0 ] <200ppm) in diamond crystal and E’ defect in irradiated vitreous SiO 2 with long spin relaxation times ( \({T}_{1}\) and \({T}_{2}\) ranged in the interval from around 2ms to 1 µs at room temperatures) were selected for saturation study. Spectra were recorded using magnetic field modulation \(({\omega }_{rf}/2\pi =100\) kHz) with modulation amplitude \(({\omega }_{2}/2\pi =27 \text{k}\text{H}\text{z})\) as the first harmonic for two phase-sensitive detections, detection in-phase with respect to the modulation frequency and detection 90 o out-of-phase with respect of the modulation frequency. The resulting changed in inhomogeneous spectral lines of P1 and E’ centers detected near Rabi resonance in the saturation process shows that both samples can be used as a standard for estimation \({B}_{1}\) value. P1 centers in diamond E’ centers in vitreous SiO2 EPR ESR Microwave field intensity B1 Electron spin relaxation Modulation sideband Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 05 Aug, 2024 Read the published version in Applied Magnetic Resonance → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 26 Jun, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 16 Jun, 2024 Reviews received at journal 08 Jun, 2024 Reviews received at journal 04 Jun, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 26 May, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 25 May, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 25 May, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 25 May, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 24 May, 2024 First submitted to journal 15 May, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4426736","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":310344314,"identity":"3bb339f8-3bef-414c-ba5a-4e758e86bc72","order_by":0,"name":"Boris Rakvin","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAl0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFACNgaGBAYbHgYJEIsELWmkamFgOMxAvBbz9mNpEg93nJcxn93A9riCGC0yZ9KOSSSeuc0jc+cAu+EZYrRIMKQ3GyS23eaRkEhgk2wgSgv/c5CWc6RokUg7+CCx7QBJWp4lArUk80jIHGwj1mFpBgd/ttnZS0g3HyNOCxJgJFXDKBgFo2AUjAKcAACUayqpwtUYEgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Rudjer Boskovic Institute","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Boris","middleName":"","lastName":"Rakvin","suffix":""},{"id":310344315,"identity":"e5012776-6ff9-4c15-b819-cd93f96e37db","order_by":1,"name":"Jurica Jurec","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Rudjer Boskovic Institute","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jurica","middleName":"","lastName":"Jurec","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-05-15 17:41:07","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4426736/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4426736/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00723-024-01693-5","type":"published","date":"2024-08-05T15:58:18+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":62298577,"identity":"944e1ca1-32ce-4753-b5f4-7270a2d6baf4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-08-12 16:14:52","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1611572,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ManuscriptB.Rakvin.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4426736/v1_covered_23ce5a1f-9044-4f70-b7e3-780d21163bbe.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Study of microwave magnetic field saturation properties of an inhomogeneous CW-EPR line in the vicinity of Rabi resonance: Possible application for B 1 estimation","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"applied-magnetic-resonance","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"apmr","sideBox":"Learn more about [Applied Magnetic Resonance](http://link.springer.com/journal/723)","snPcode":"723","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/723/3","title":"Applied Magnetic Resonance","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"P1 centers in diamond, E’ centers in vitreous SiO2, EPR, ESR, Microwave field intensity B1, Electron spin relaxation, Modulation sideband, ","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4426736/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4426736/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe spectrum of continuous wave electron paramagnetic resonance (CW-EPR) was analyzed with respect to the shape of the line under microwave (MW) power saturation (\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\({P}_{MW}\\sim{B}_{1}^{1/2};{B}_{1 }\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003eis intensity of MW magnetic field). The used \u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\({B}_{1 }\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e increases until the Rabi frequency \u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(({\\omega }_{1}=\\gamma {B}_{1}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\gamma\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003eis the electron gyromagnetic ratio) approaches the radiofrequency \u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\left({\\omega }_{rf}\\right)\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e used as the magnetic modulation frequency. The possible effect of Rabi resonance \u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\left({\\omega }_{1}={\\omega }_{rf}\\right)\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e, on spin packets system can be detected under the condition of \u0026ldquo;weak modulation near the Rabi resonance\u0026rdquo; (\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\({\\omega }_{2}\\ll {\\omega }_{1}\\approx {\\omega }_{rf})\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e where \u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\({\\omega }_{2}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e is modulation amplitude of radiofrequency field expressed in frequency units. Inhomogeneously broadened, CW-EPR, lines of the P1 (N\u003csub\u003es\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e0\u003c/sup\u003e) nitrogen centers (30ppm\u0026gt;[N\u003csub\u003es\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e0\u003c/sup\u003e] \u0026lt;200ppm) in diamond crystal and E\u0026rsquo; defect in irradiated vitreous SiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e with long spin relaxation times (\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\({T}_{1}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e and \u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\({T}_{2}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003eranged in the interval from around 2ms to 1 \u0026micro;s at room temperatures) were selected for saturation study. Spectra were recorded using magnetic field modulation \u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(({\\omega }_{rf}/2\\pi =100\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e kHz) with modulation amplitude\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(({\\omega }_{2}/2\\pi =27 \\text{k}\\text{H}\\text{z})\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e as the first harmonic for two phase-sensitive detections, detection in-phase with respect to the modulation frequency and detection 90\u003csup\u003eo\u003c/sup\u003e out-of-phase with respect of the modulation frequency. The resulting changed in inhomogeneous spectral lines of P1 and E\u0026rsquo; centers detected near Rabi resonance in the saturation process shows that both samples can be used as a standard for estimation \u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\({B}_{1}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e value.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Study of microwave magnetic field saturation properties of an inhomogeneous CW-EPR line in the vicinity of Rabi resonance: Possible application for B 1 estimation","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-06-06 06:19:23","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4426736/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2024-06-26T22:10:29+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"7125383656895572433094944013321232531","date":"2024-06-16T21:41:41+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-06-08T04:39:23+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-06-04T08:04:49+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"182415733339609680818631878692936866762","date":"2024-05-26T06:15:59+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"174275849751166168972969229259626520361","date":"2024-05-26T00:32:11+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2024-05-25T21:08:38+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2024-05-25T07:32:40+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2024-05-25T01:40:19+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Applied Magnetic Resonance","date":"2024-05-15T17:39:41+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"applied-magnetic-resonance","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"apmr","sideBox":"Learn more about [Applied Magnetic Resonance](http://link.springer.com/journal/723)","snPcode":"723","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/723/3","title":"Applied Magnetic Resonance","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"056ace09-f2b2-4b3f-934e-8596265ffb34","owner":[],"postedDate":"June 6th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-08-12T16:06:55+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-4426736","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00723-024-01693-5","journal":{"identity":"applied-magnetic-resonance","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Applied Magnetic Resonance"},"publishedOn":"2024-08-05 15:58:18","publishedOnDateReadable":"August 5th, 2024"},"versionCreatedAt":"2024-06-06 06:19:23","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s00723-024-01693-5","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00723-024-01693-5","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4426736","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4426736","identity":"rs-4426736","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}