The investigation of dynamic machining efficiency in femtosecond laser machining of tungsten carbide

The investigation of dynamic machining efficiency in femtosecond laser machining of tungsten carbide | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article The investigation of dynamic machining efficiency in femtosecond laser machining of tungsten carbide Xuanang Li, Ruiguang Fan, Guichao He, Guangxian Li, Songlin Ding This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6240106/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 13 Oct, 2025 Read the published version in The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology → Version 1 posted 5 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Fabrication of microstructures on flank/rake faces of cutting tools can improve wear resistance via modifying the states of tool/chip and tool/workpiece abrasion. With the advances in laser technology, femtosecond laser machining has emerged as a promising method in high-efficiency and high-precision fabrication of structures in micro/nano scale on the ultrahard tool surfaces. Currently, most studies focus on surface finish, whereas the investigation of machining efficiency is limited. In this study, the underlying mechanisms of how laser-induced periodic surface structure (LIPSS), plasma shielding, and heat accumulation influence the machining efficiency in femtosecond laser ablation (FLA) of tungsten carbide (WC) is comprehensively analyzed, which is overlooked in previous studies. The relationship between laser fluences at different laser parameters and the evolution of LIPSS, thermal-activated defects, and states of plasma shielding are investigated, and the new principles by which these three factors affect dynamic MRR are revealed. Intact LIPSS is the key factor contributing to higher MRR, and the destruction of LIPSS at higher fluences due to the thermal cracks and craters reduce MRR. With the increase of groove depth, the effect of plasma shielding becomes significant, eventually preventing the absorption of laser energy, resulting in the decrease of MRR. Defects including cracks, pits, and recast layers caused by the accumulation of pulse energy appear at higher laser fluences. Findings in this study provide theoretical support for the optimization of processing parameters in the machining of ultrahard materials with high efficiency. Femtosecond laser tungsten carbide MRR LIPSS plasma shielding Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 13 Oct, 2025 Read the published version in The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Minor Revisions Needed 12 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 23 Mar, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 23 Mar, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 19 Mar, 2025 First submitted to journal 19 Mar, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6240106","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":432606299,"identity":"9354f403-f81c-4dfb-8d95-2ba65270a0cb","order_by":0,"name":"Xuanang Li","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xuanang","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""},{"id":432606300,"identity":"90a5d881-b84b-4ee8-9d52-c51ce2a05cd1","order_by":1,"name":"Ruiguang Fan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ruiguang","middleName":"","lastName":"Fan","suffix":""},{"id":432606301,"identity":"b424b136-625c-409f-8f86-8658768928f2","order_by":2,"name":"Guichao He","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Guichao","middleName":"","lastName":"He","suffix":""},{"id":432606302,"identity":"02a785fb-521b-4c70-bd3b-6b81cf28ea34","order_by":3,"name":"Guangxian Li","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAxUlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACPmYgkfBDwo6fmfnwA6K0sIG0fOyxSJZsZ0szIE4LEDPOYKtg3HCeR0GCOC3s7NekeXgkmI0P8zAYMNTYRBPhMJ5iYx4LCT6zw7wHHjAcS8ttIEJL4mOQLWaH+RIMGBsOE6Ul4TAPmwTj5mYeAwkitbAffDgDqGUDM/FaeJgNPvZIJEscBgZyAjF+4ec//kwi4UedHX//4cMPPtTYENbCwMCDFIEJhJWDAPsD4tSNglEwCkbByAUA/G00bdT07m0AAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6200-6444","institution":"Jilin University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Guangxian","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""},{"id":432606303,"identity":"6be65d66-eab9-4c98-97bc-a3d06ad7d11c","order_by":4,"name":"Songlin Ding","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Songlin","middleName":"","lastName":"Ding","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-03-17 01:58:13","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6240106/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6240106/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-025-16707-0","type":"published","date":"2025-10-13T15:57:10+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":93956149,"identity":"f2c11f5a-a109-42a0-bfa8-736f8efc7494","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-20 16:11:11","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1823626,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6240106/v1_covered_8e030c03-4175-4a9d-b932-69cea146d938.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"The investigation of dynamic machining efficiency in femtosecond laser machining of tungsten carbide","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"the-international-journal-of-advanced-manufacturing-technology","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"jamt","sideBox":"Learn more about [The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology](https://www.springer.com/journal/170)","snPcode":"170","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/170/3","title":"The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Femtosecond laser, tungsten carbide, MRR, LIPSS, plasma shielding","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6240106/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6240106/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eFabrication of microstructures on flank/rake faces of cutting tools can improve wear resistance via modifying the states of tool/chip and tool/workpiece abrasion. 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