Characterization of far-field long-period ground motion and rational modulation of PGA in seismic analysis

Characterization of far-field long-period ground motion and rational modulation of PGA in seismic analysis | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Characterization of far-field long-period ground motion and rational modulation of PGA in seismic analysis Qipeng Zhang, Lei Wang, Jie Jia, Lin Dong, Guoliang Zhi This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6979067/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Far-field long-period ground motion (FFLPGMs) significantly impacts long-period structures that are distant from the seismic source. To systematically identify the key factors affecting the intensity of FFLPGMs, this study selected 1,351 far-field records from the NIED database in Japan and quantitatively analysed the influences of epicentral distance, earthquake magnitude, and site category on the basic intensity parameters of ground motion. Subsequently, this paper conducted an in-depth evaluation of the adaptability of seismic design spectra from China, the United States, Europe, and Japan to both ordinary ground motions and FFLPGMs under different defense intensity levels. The paper found that directly considering the FFLPGMs based on current standards by adjusting the peak ground acceleration (PGA) would lead to significant deviations in the seismic performance assessment of long-period structures. To address this issue, this study introduced a scaling factor (S F ) into the standard PGA calculation formula, using the resonance curve of reinforced concrete structures as a weighting function. A method for reasonably modulating PGA under FFLPGMs was proposed. The application of the modified method to a continuous steel girder bridge case demonstrated that, compared with the standard design PGA, the modified PGA modulation significantly reduced the dispersion of structural responses, with the coefficient of variation ( CV ) decreasing by 42.47–79.16%. The modified PGA modulation also significantly improves the accuracy of structural responses, with the structural response ratio ( R) decreasing by 68.13–79.47%. The results indicate that the modified PGA modulation method can more accurately reflect the response characteristics of structures under FFLPGMs. Far-field long-period ground motion Seismic design spectrum PGA rational modulation Continuous rigid-frame bridge Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6979067","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":482858849,"identity":"62f40050-cdc6-4c3d-981a-57f5d2e10c4a","order_by":0,"name":"Qipeng Zhang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Northeast Forestry University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Qipeng","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""},{"id":482858850,"identity":"e2ef994d-6af8-4c90-a66e-5d6827242c63","order_by":1,"name":"Lei Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Northeast Forestry University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Lei","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":482858851,"identity":"098da77d-5dac-4b11-b282-bc558df4f113","order_by":2,"name":"Jie Jia","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA1klEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACxmYGBoMEBhsGBuYDQC4b8VrSgKoTiNQCBYdJ0MLczvyg4EHF+Tx+Nh4Dhg9lhxn4ZzcQchibgUHCmdvFkm08Bowzzh1mkLhzgJAWBgODxLbbiRvu9xgw87YdZjCQSCCkhf2DQeK/c4n7j/EYMP8lTgsP0JaGA4kbgH5hZiRSS4FBwrHkxBnH2AoO9pxL55G4QUCLYf/xbYY/auwS+9uYNz74UWYtxz+DkJYGBjYDGOcAEPPgVw8E8sCoeUBQ1SgYBaNgFIxsAAAgHEDyZaYknwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Northeast Forestry University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jie","middleName":"","lastName":"Jia","suffix":""},{"id":482858852,"identity":"ac6615f7-4d78-48d8-b7ce-6ce729da7bc5","order_by":3,"name":"Lin Dong","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Harbin University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Lin","middleName":"","lastName":"Dong","suffix":""},{"id":482858853,"identity":"5152797d-ced2-446a-814b-12681eb1e536","order_by":4,"name":"Guoliang Zhi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Southeast University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Guoliang","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhi","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-06-26 03:21:33","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6979067/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6979067/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":92521425,"identity":"c1219ff3-5e0d-4d54-825c-4c925e8cb451","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-30 14:57:02","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1632941,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6979067/v1_covered_8bfe3b0f-04ac-4d66-9170-ee76eee9781d.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Characterization of far-field long-period ground motion and rational modulation of PGA in seismic analysis","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Far-field long-period ground motion, Seismic design spectrum, PGA rational modulation, Continuous rigid-frame bridge","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6979067/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6979067/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eFar-field long-period ground motion (FFLPGMs) significantly impacts long-period structures that are distant from the seismic source. To systematically identify the key factors affecting the intensity of FFLPGMs, this study selected 1,351 far-field records from the NIED database in Japan and quantitatively analysed the influences of epicentral distance, earthquake magnitude, and site category on the basic intensity parameters of ground motion. Subsequently, this paper conducted an in-depth evaluation of the adaptability of seismic design spectra from China, the United States, Europe, and Japan to both ordinary ground motions and FFLPGMs under different defense intensity levels. The paper found that directly considering the FFLPGMs based on current standards by adjusting the peak ground acceleration (PGA) would lead to significant deviations in the seismic performance assessment of long-period structures. To address this issue, this study introduced a scaling factor (S\u003csub\u003eF\u003c/sub\u003e) into the standard PGA calculation formula, using the resonance curve of reinforced concrete structures as a weighting function. A method for reasonably modulating PGA under FFLPGMs was proposed. The application of the modified method to a continuous steel girder bridge case demonstrated that, compared with the standard design PGA, the modified PGA modulation significantly reduced the dispersion of structural responses, with the coefficient of variation (\u003cem\u003eCV\u003c/em\u003e) decreasing by 42.47\u0026ndash;79.16%. The modified PGA modulation also significantly improves the accuracy of structural responses, with the structural response ratio (\u003cem\u003eR)\u003c/em\u003e decreasing by 68.13\u0026ndash;79.47%. The results indicate that the modified PGA modulation method can more accurately reflect the response characteristics of structures under FFLPGMs.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Characterization of far-field long-period ground motion and rational modulation of PGA in seismic analysis","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-07-11 15:31:03","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6979067/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"f5c86070-78dc-4ce6-ba4d-64af24721444","owner":[],"postedDate":"July 11th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-09-30T14:48:52+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-07-11 15:31:03","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6979067","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6979067","identity":"rs-6979067","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}