Effect of Irradiation Insecticidal Technology on Microbiome, Physicochemical Properties of Strong-flavor Baijiu Daqu

Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the feasibility of utilizing high-energy electron beam irradiation for insecticidal purposes in Strong-flavor Baijiu Daqu (SBD) and to ascertain the irradiation threshold tolerable by SBD. According to the standard plate counting method, Illumina-MiSeq sequencing method and relevant industry testing standards, the effects of different irradiation doses (0-3.55 kGy) on the microbiome and Physicochemical properties of SBD were determined. Following irradiation, a reduction in the microbial population of SBD was observed, commensurate with the dose administered. However, subsequent to a 3-month storage period, SBD samples subjected to irradiation doses of 1.40 kGy or lower exhibited negligible disparities in physicochemical properties, microbial population, and microbial community structure when compared to non-irradiated counterparts. Conversely, irradiation doses exceeding 1.40 kGy resulted in marginal variations in physicochemical properties while notable discrepancies were noted in microbial abundance and community composition. Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) revealed robust positive correlations between specific microbial taxa (e.g., Acetobacter and liquefaction, Saccharopolyspora and liquefaction, Streptomyces and saccharification, Thermoascus and acidity, Byssochlamys and moisture). Assessment of the efficacy of radiation doses ranging from 0 to 1.40 kGy in pest eradication indicated that a minimum irradiation dose of 0.27 kGy is imperative to prevent pest infestation during a storage duration of up to 120 days. In conclusion, this study proposes an optimal irradiation dosage range for insecticidal purposes in SBD, falling between 0.27 and 1.40 kGy. Additionally, it underscores the potential of high-energy electron beam irradiation as a viable method for quality assurance.