Tool condition monitoring for cavity milling based on bispectrum analysis and Bayesian optimized SVM

Abstract Tool wear status seriously affects the dimensional accuracy and surface quality of the machined parts. Therefore, tool condition monitoring (TCM) is essential in the milling process of aerospace structural parts due to the use of difficult-to-cut materials and complex cutting trajectories. The Higher order spectrum (HOS) was first employed to analyze the vibration signals, and then bispectral features extracted from de-noised signals were used to characterize the tool wear status. The improved Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used for feature selection to reduce the influence of periodic components on feature selection process. Furthermore, a novel objective function was proposed to guide the hyperparameters optimization process of support vector machine based on Bayesian optimization algorithm, in which the effect of imbalanced data on the recognition rates was considered. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, a structural part milling experiment was performed on a vertical machining center and vibration signals of spindle were collected. Based on this, an online TCM model was established. The present study suggests that the proposed TCM system is accurate and robust.