The Impact of a Novel Iodine-based Nanocontrast Agent on Contrast-induced Acute Kidney Injury a nd Apoptosis in New Zealand Rabbits

The Impact of a Novel Iodine-based Nanocontrast Agent on Contrast-induced Acute Kidney Injury a nd Apoptosis in New Zealand Rabbits | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article The Impact of a Novel Iodine-based Nanocontrast Agent on Contrast-induced Acute Kidney Injury a nd Apoptosis in New Zealand Rabbits Yu Wan, Shuang Zhu, Haoyu Meng, Zhicheng Zhao, Peng Zhang, Shicheng Yang, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7498478/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Objective To investigate the effects of a novel iodine-based nanocontrast agent on contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CIAKI) and apoptosis in New Zealand rabbits. Methods Thirty-two New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8): Group A (normal saline), Group B (ioversol), Group C (hydration), and Group D (novel contrast agent). Renal function parameters [serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN)], apoptosis markers (Bcl-2 and Bax), and oxidative stress indicators [malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)] were measured at baseline, 2h, 6h, 8h, and 24h post-intervention. After 24 hours, the rabbits were euthanized, and bilateral kidneys were harvested for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to assess mRNA expression levels of apoptosis and oxidative stress markers. Western blot (WB) analysis was performed to determine protein expression levels of apoptosis markers. Renal histopathological and ultrastructural changes were examined using light and electron microscopy. Results At 24 hours post-intervention, Group D demonstrated significantly lower Scr and BUN levels compared to Group B ( p < 0.05). Throughout the observation period (2h, 6h, 8h, and 24h), Group D exhibited significantly higher Bcl-2 levels and lower Bax levels than Group B ( p < 0.05).qPCR and WB analyses revealed significantly higher Bcl-2 mRNA and protein expression, and lower Bax mRNA and protein expression in Group D compared to Group B ( p < 0.05). Histopathological and ultrastructural examinations showed markedly reduced renal damage in Group D compared to Group B. No significant differences were observed in oxidative stress indicators among the four groups ( p > 0.05). Conclusion The novel iodine-based nanocontrast agent alleviates CIAKI in New Zealand rabbits, improves renal function, and reduces renal damage, potentially through the inhibition of renal cell apoptosis. Novel iodine-based nanocontrast agent Contrast-induced nephropathy Apoptosis Acute kidney injury New Zealand rabbit Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7498478","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":538767999,"identity":"eab7c80b-e87c-4c9a-be74-c74ba87b46fd","order_by":0,"name":"Yu Wan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Clinical school of Thoracic， Tianjin Medical University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yu","middleName":"","lastName":"Wan","suffix":""},{"id":538768003,"identity":"994698e5-9921-47dc-9315-9f7e621a4096","order_by":1,"name":"Shuang Zhu","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA7klEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACCQYGZjCDmbHhQEKFhBw/8VrYmw8+eHDGwliygWgtPMeSDR+2VSRuIKRFfnaP8efCNrs8+YgcM4nEeRKMGxiYHz66gUcL45wzZtIz25KLDW+AtGyTYDZnYDM2zsGjhVkix4yZt405ceMMiBY2ywYeNml8Wtgkcow/87bVQ7XMkeAxOEBAC49EjoE0b9vhxPlA7xskNkhIENQiIZFWJs1z7njiBlAgJxyTMJBsJuAX+RnJmz/zlFUnzm9mbDj4o6auvp+9+eFjfFrgwOAAjMVMjHKwdQ3EqhwFo2AUjIIRBwCLIEmytJHc3QAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Clinical school of Thoracic， Tianjin Medical University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Shuang","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhu","suffix":""},{"id":538768005,"identity":"055a24aa-3028-47bc-ac7e-cf9e1eac07cc","order_by":2,"name":"Haoyu Meng","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Clinical school of Thoracic， Tianjin Medical University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Haoyu","middleName":"","lastName":"Meng","suffix":""},{"id":538768007,"identity":"fff474dc-72f6-41e0-9694-514b08b4c02f","order_by":3,"name":"Zhicheng Zhao","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zhicheng","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhao","suffix":""},{"id":538768010,"identity":"36622672-13b7-412d-b69d-460a3305176f","order_by":4,"name":"Peng Zhang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Peng","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""},{"id":538768013,"identity":"a65f91c8-c0bf-439b-b304-05f0f03ad019","order_by":5,"name":"Shicheng Yang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Shicheng","middleName":"","lastName":"Yang","suffix":""},{"id":538768014,"identity":"36b00b68-17d9-4225-8587-aebc18837d04","order_by":6,"name":"Yu Song","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Clinical school of Thoracic， Tianjin Medical University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yu","middleName":"","lastName":"Song","suffix":""},{"id":538768016,"identity":"ff997d20-de51-4e3a-b1b3-da4348c14ac7","order_by":7,"name":"Naikuan Fu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Naikuan","middleName":"","lastName":"Fu","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-08-31 05:23:05","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7498478/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7498478/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":95801617,"identity":"35748fe9-30b6-4189-85dd-0af0a7397471","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-13 08:25:45","extension":"docx","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":3088552,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"NovelIodinebasedNanocontrastAgent.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7498478/v1/2e89fcfba7608b8babfe64d2.docx"},{"id":95738508,"identity":"62e20bce-afac-4890-ac34-8a0db726bc98","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-12 13:13:36","extension":"json","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":9184,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"c1acd88e9bba42b58c359f30b5a20fbc.json","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7498478/v1/c84d5a9940b7ff9c022835ea.json"},{"id":95738509,"identity":"3a253c0c-a3d1-43da-b905-85795b673bf5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-12 13:13:36","extension":"xml","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":122389,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"c1acd88e9bba42b58c359f30b5a20fbc1enriched.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7498478/v1/006738c0c1e4e980200b393d.xml"},{"id":95738510,"identity":"d6755e3f-5436-40a0-9fb1-98a431128d2f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-12 13:13:36","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":88160,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7498478/v1/a29647ce2e7c3114910e1f2e.png"},{"id":95738511,"identity":"f168d50d-8508-4bde-b284-c301b41c4aff","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-12 13:13:36","extension":"jpeg","order_by":4,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":51434,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage10.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7498478/v1/7d194fbf8cf8bc41b585bc03.jpeg"},{"id":95801200,"identity":"111e494c-d1c3-4464-b1a6-26d19282c901","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-13 08:24:42","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":86354,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage11.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7498478/v1/6a0e58427d1a41ecb560b861.png"},{"id":95800914,"identity":"abc3c341-296e-4bdf-9ef5-3a68eef6f484","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-13 08:23:54","extension":"png","order_by":6,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":84528,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage12.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7498478/v1/e306a1a099b2528bd6add4d3.png"},{"id":95738517,"identity":"64eb69ed-ada7-41cb-8a6a-91740b4052cb","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-12 13:13:36","extension":"jpeg","order_by":7,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":52056,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage13.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7498478/v1/675a553af9b41a7e4a34a387.jpeg"},{"id":95800271,"identity":"f40a2240-b7bf-43fc-9b8d-09cf1825f85b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-13 08:22:00","extension":"png","order_by":8,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1182215,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage14.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7498478/v1/e052d3f9b1e7a10eef01de05.png"},{"id":95738531,"identity":"2822ea4a-f723-4181-ba21-e1cc3de08fdc","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-12 13:13:37","extension":"png","order_by":9,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":972710,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage15.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7498478/v1/95f09f5c13a11073b49fc47c.png"},{"id":95800083,"identity":"d2fd25e0-5e08-4025-b891-4d1a6092f2e8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-13 08:21:33","extension":"jpeg","order_by":10,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":50878,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage2.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7498478/v1/35baa8b5547bcdc23cf8ae14.jpeg"},{"id":95800100,"identity":"3dc720dc-84f4-48dc-9783-15992cadf4e8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-13 08:21:35","extension":"jpeg","order_by":11,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":53587,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage3.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7498478/v1/541af18b11433dca5e52d413.jpeg"},{"id":95738520,"identity":"148d1dc0-926f-4233-b20c-0a378419fb13","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-12 13:13:37","extension":"jpeg","order_by":12,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":53007,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage4.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7498478/v1/9c7b6dc97fb6755e148531b9.jpeg"},{"id":95738522,"identity":"9616884c-99e2-478f-bb19-ee4ee683e847","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-12 13:13:37","extension":"jpeg","order_by":13,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":65821,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage5.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7498478/v1/2197c09c95ca9f75794bc138.jpeg"},{"id":95738514,"identity":"c832825d-3ef7-432c-a8b2-27b1786abae2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-12 13:13:36","extension":"jpeg","order_by":14,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":44719,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage6.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7498478/v1/4e717420df598fd752c6edc2.jpeg"},{"id":95738523,"identity":"2d950a54-bba8-4b8f-9a03-64ccf942fedb","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-12 13:13:37","extension":"jpeg","order_by":15,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":71225,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage7.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7498478/v1/8a97dd9ee9e40dab6846ecb2.jpeg"},{"id":95738512,"identity":"f20d2a67-4aaa-4a4d-99b6-9beba8341c36","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-12 13:13:36","extension":"jpeg","order_by":16,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":71229,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage8.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7498478/v1/b823462b301abbf5973e9eef.jpeg"},{"id":95801533,"identity":"6243c790-b444-4b33-8d23-8c1c4b4042c9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-13 08:25:37","extension":"jpeg","order_by":17,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":50376,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage9.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7498478/v1/70fe600b34caeb42fea5379f.jpeg"},{"id":95801495,"identity":"90a14801-42cb-4bdb-aa4f-5d824cba2e91","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-13 08:25:32","extension":"png","order_by":18,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":18586,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7498478/v1/8d978994936ece63022c8a39.png"},{"id":95801900,"identity":"e7e01824-7ed5-4130-b93c-7ae931ecec73","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-13 08:26:25","extension":"png","order_by":19,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":20180,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage10.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7498478/v1/04a66787573d159b07f248f3.png"},{"id":95801510,"identity":"0f1c9d6a-986e-4f43-aa70-3d3457236c13","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-13 08:25:34","extension":"png","order_by":20,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":85214,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage11.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7498478/v1/d19c3215b333adcdea6f18d8.png"},{"id":95801014,"identity":"30c3cc26-eab0-45c4-b3f3-a38d9e87c33c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-13 08:24:15","extension":"png","order_by":21,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":68762,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage12.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7498478/v1/715f1ac465d007b072865ca4.png"},{"id":95738527,"identity":"220ad8ac-4494-4fcb-a4c2-d80e7b32e936","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-12 13:13:37","extension":"png","order_by":22,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":21060,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage13.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7498478/v1/2ef920697c22ed42fa48a700.png"},{"id":95738538,"identity":"a18cc4a2-2958-4e3c-adb8-e8f2951d350b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-12 13:13:37","extension":"png","order_by":23,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":197772,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage14.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7498478/v1/13538a33aab70d1f5c800ad2.png"},{"id":95738539,"identity":"82e59202-9cb0-41ee-a08b-48fd7ed466ff","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-12 13:13:37","extension":"png","order_by":24,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":622579,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage15.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7498478/v1/6ca2bf65d42d5dcae18f7ef1.png"},{"id":95801938,"identity":"556cefe2-2590-4158-9288-42f2859dc4f3","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-13 08:26:29","extension":"png","order_by":25,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":32523,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7498478/v1/11a1fcff04a098ee8559e5da.png"},{"id":95738534,"identity":"aa939b51-052f-4153-8aa6-a56324aa385d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-12 13:13:37","extension":"png","order_by":26,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":33493,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7498478/v1/2d48ab74fc5e9ccd1983eb5e.png"},{"id":95738537,"identity":"b7d2d734-8eb5-40a6-bfbf-b68e0e060a26","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-12 13:13:37","extension":"png","order_by":27,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":34568,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7498478/v1/8179224f36b1363eb635fa3c.png"},{"id":95738529,"identity":"778272ec-1cb3-47a8-a251-4c6401369a6a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-12 13:13:37","extension":"png","order_by":28,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":43769,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7498478/v1/54eaa8d75a6c01c5ef51efcb.png"},{"id":95800221,"identity":"5eba2b10-66ad-4222-9a96-cd5ccea68b9d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-13 08:21:54","extension":"png","order_by":29,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":21737,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7498478/v1/94b1bb41d44e3059bc5cf2c6.png"},{"id":95738535,"identity":"e82a405f-62ea-4282-a3c5-2e419e03788d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-12 13:13:37","extension":"png","order_by":30,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":45844,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7498478/v1/2635d52ca3133dfe6ba77fb3.png"},{"id":95738540,"identity":"1371e38e-09ab-4e74-92ff-ee0b5c8e77e3","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-12 13:13:37","extension":"png","order_by":31,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":45495,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7498478/v1/8fb786e3b384500ac132f09c.png"},{"id":95738536,"identity":"fda4f6fb-9149-4ead-b72a-7eb614b093b6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-12 13:13:37","extension":"png","order_by":32,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":19951,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage9.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7498478/v1/e282052c408b138152d69ff3.png"},{"id":95738542,"identity":"d2ef2bab-bcc7-4f25-a2bf-d406aa1d7407","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-12 13:13:37","extension":"xml","order_by":33,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":120552,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"c1acd88e9bba42b58c359f30b5a20fbc1structuring.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7498478/v1/4dced694dfb328110ffac31d.xml"},{"id":95738541,"identity":"aec79ab4-360c-4e3d-bd8f-62fd75a2c0e1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-12 13:13:37","extension":"html","order_by":34,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":128394,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"earlyproof.html","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7498478/v1/fadf40abb0ea3e5d6ac00846.html"},{"id":103317717,"identity":"d9f20fc8-68b3-472e-b086-ac097b3a9408","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-24 11:12:19","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1466088,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"NovelIodinebasedNanocontrastAgent.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7498478/v1_covered_38840bf7-2271-471f-97e6-b651fd4cb11b.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"The Impact of a Novel Iodine-based Nanocontrast Agent on Contrast-induced Acute Kidney Injury a nd Apoptosis in New Zealand Rabbits","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Novel iodine-based nanocontrast agent, Contrast-induced nephropathy, Apoptosis, Acute kidney injury, New Zealand rabbit","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7498478/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7498478/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eObjective\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eTo investigate the effects of a novel iodine-based nanocontrast agent on contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CIAKI) and apoptosis in New Zealand rabbits.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethods\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThirty-two New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into four groups (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;8): Group A (normal saline), Group B (ioversol), Group C (hydration), and Group D (novel contrast agent). Renal function parameters [serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN)], apoptosis markers (Bcl-2 and Bax), and oxidative stress indicators [malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)] were measured at baseline, 2h, 6h, 8h, and 24h post-intervention. After 24 hours, the rabbits were euthanized, and bilateral kidneys were harvested for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to assess mRNA expression levels of apoptosis and oxidative stress markers. Western blot (WB) analysis was performed to determine protein expression levels of apoptosis markers. Renal histopathological and ultrastructural changes were examined using light and electron microscopy.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAt 24 hours post-intervention, Group D demonstrated significantly lower Scr and BUN levels compared to Group B (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). Throughout the observation period (2h, 6h, 8h, and 24h), Group D exhibited significantly higher Bcl-2 levels and lower Bax levels than Group B (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05).qPCR and WB analyses revealed significantly higher Bcl-2 mRNA and protein expression, and lower Bax mRNA and protein expression in Group D compared to Group B (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). Histopathological and ultrastructural examinations showed markedly reduced renal damage in Group D compared to Group B. No significant differences were observed in oxidative stress indicators among the four groups (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05).\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusion\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe novel iodine-based nanocontrast agent alleviates CIAKI in New Zealand rabbits, improves renal function, and reduces renal damage, potentially through the inhibition of renal cell apoptosis.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"The Impact of a Novel Iodine-based Nanocontrast Agent on Contrast-induced Acute Kidney Injury a nd Apoptosis in New Zealand Rabbits","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-11-12 13:13:31","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7498478/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"51f061c8-65ef-48e2-a2b1-0f1c13bacbec","owner":[],"postedDate":"November 12th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-02-24T11:11:34+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-11-12 13:13:31","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7498478","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7498478","identity":"rs-7498478","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}