Effect and mechanism of black soybean peptides alleviating oxidative damage in the celiac disease cell model

Alpha gliadin peptide induces damage and apoptosis of intestinal cells and aggravates pathology of celiac disease (CD) by inducing oxidative stress. Therefore, inhibition or alleviation of oxidative stress in CD may be an effective approach to the adjunctive treatment of CD. Black soybean peptides (BSPs) have been shown to inhibit oxidative stress and inflammation. The effect of BSPs on CD remains unknown. In this paper, the effect and mechanism of BSPs on the α-gliadin peptide (p31-43)-induced Caco-2 cytotoxicity were studied. We identified BSPs that alleviated the cytotoxicity of p31-43 in the CD cell model: Caco-2 cells were pre-treated with bioactive peptides for 3 hours before the addition of p31-43 for treatment for 24 hours, and then cells were collected for subsequent experiments. Our results show that p31-43 can significantly increase the ROS and MDA levels of Caco-2 cells, disrupt the glutathione redox cycle, reduce the activity of the antioxidant enzyme, and inhibit the activation of antioxidant signaling pathways. BSPs pretreatment can inhibit the increase of Keap1 protein induced by p31-43, activate antioxidant genes through Nrf2 protein, improve the activity of the antioxidant enzyme, alleviates glutathione redox cycle imbalance, promote the expression of GCLC or GCLM, and reduce oxidative damage. Graphical Abstract Pattern of BSPs against oxidative damage in CD cell mode.