From the Editor's desk.

In this issue, we have three review articles. One is on hyperprolactinemia, which can be associated with anovulatory infertility and so should be ruled out in all cases of anovulation. The second review article is on mild stimulation, which has become the order of the day today to reduce the incidence of complications such as ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and multiple pregnancies. In the era of individualized protocols what we look at is decreased risk, complications, patient discomfort and cost with a healthy term live birth. Today these have been substituted for follicle, oocyte and embryo number, implantation and pregnancy rate per cycle. The incidence of male infertility is on the rise and many times the count, motility and morphology may also be normal in these cases. In these cases, many times deoxyribonucleic acid fragmentation may be raised, but at times it is unexplained. Dr. Sandro Esteves in his review article highlights the genetic basis for unexplained male infertility. Blastocyst transfers have increased as the number of embryos transferred has reduced. Dr. Chimote in his article discusses the increased implantation and pregnancy rates if the blastocyst transfer is extended by few hours to transfer hatching or hatched blastocyst. When we talk about successful pregnancy after in vitro fertilization (IVF), what we look at is the beta human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) level. We have two articles, one by Dr. Anupama Bhadur and other by Manu Goyal, which conclude that beta hCG levels done 14 days after embryo transfer can predict IVF and pregnancy outcome. Adenomyosis is and leiomyoma are common causes of delayed conception. Dr. Magdi Hanafi in her article discusses the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of transvaginal ultrasound in diagnosis of adenomyosis and compares it with histopathological finding. There are very few original studies on PCOS published from India. Dr. Sujata Kar in her article has studied the distribution of Rotterdam classified phenotypes in Indian population. Dr. Deborah from Canada has written of safety in administering anesthesia in those couples undergoing IVF with pre-implantation genetic diagnosis for autosomal dominant diseases, which can impact esthetic management. There is also a case report on diagnosis and management of cervical ectopic pregnancy.