An impressive clustering based on the fuzzy system for UAV-assisted IoT wireless networks

An impressive clustering based on the fuzzy system for UAV-assisted IoT wireless networks | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article An impressive clustering based on the fuzzy system for UAV-assisted IoT wireless networks Seyed Mostafa Bozorgi, Mehdi Golsorkhtabaramiri, Khadijeh Biglari, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4594823/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) play an essential role in the Internet of Things (IoT) because of their easy usage and cost reduction. A UAV can used as an Air Base Station (ABS). One of the main challenges of an IoT/WSN is energy consumption, most of which relates to the transmutation part. Although many efforts have been made to propose several hybrid, dynamic, and static clustering protocols, most of these protocols apply to certain aspects of the network. So far, not many efforts have been made to present a hybrid protocol that can stay stable in various small and large-scale UAV-assisted IoT wireless networks. This paper presents a hybrid unequal hierarchy routing called an impressive clustering based on the fuzzy system (ICF). Clustering is performed at the beginning of each meta-round instead of each round to reduce overhead. This task scheduling is determined based on fuzzy systems. In ICF, a new clustering plan (CP) technique is presented that is determined based on the fuzzy system. CP is based on the scale of the network and distance of the network to the UAV whether routing should be single-hop or multi-hop. When the CP is single-hop inter-cluster routing, the cluster heads (CHs) closer to the ABS have a larger radius. In this case, CHs closer to ABS have more cluster members (CMs) to receive and data aggregation. When the CP is a multi-hop, the CHs closer to the ABS have a smaller radius. In this case, CHs closer to ABS have more energy to receive and relay data from far CHs to ABS. Choosing single-hop routing for small-scale networks helps reduce the control message's overhead. It also maintains the network's stability by selecting multi-hop routing in a large-scale network. Therefore, in different size networks, the protocol can work agreeably. Also, ICF uses the assistance to cluster heads (ACHs) technique which allows CHs to get help from some of its CMs to help share cluster load. The simulation results showed that the proposed method improves network stability, load-balancing, and network lifetime and performance. Internet of things Wireless sensor networks Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Fuzzy system Clustering. Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4594823","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":321646632,"identity":"2974888c-d9ec-47f8-987c-c7b792bb18e0","order_by":0,"name":"Seyed Mostafa Bozorgi","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA/0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYJACZgjF2PggAczgQSIJaGk2SAArJV4LA5sEA5IWnEC+gTuBuaCiTs68f3FbxYOawwz20r0HGH7UMMiYN2DXYnCAdwPzjDNsxjI3HrbdSDh2mIFH5lwCY88xIH0AhxYGoBbeNp7EGRIHgVrYDtf3SOQABRsYeCRwOgysRQKspSDhH9AWoBbGv3i0MBwAazFInMHf2MaQ2AbRwozPFoPDvBsOzziTYCwhwdgskdiXzsBzIy/hsMwxCdwOa+/d+BgUYhL8xx9+/PHNmoF9Ru7Bh29qbOxxOgwYKZCQkUhAci2Qi0sDEuA/QISiUTAKRsEoGJEAAHDDTkyGxOFfAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Islamic Azad University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Seyed","middleName":"Mostafa","lastName":"Bozorgi","suffix":""},{"id":321646633,"identity":"c96d2be9-a8dc-47b1-bbef-41d806225679","order_by":1,"name":"Mehdi Golsorkhtabaramiri","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Islamic Azad University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mehdi","middleName":"","lastName":"Golsorkhtabaramiri","suffix":""},{"id":321646634,"identity":"d30408a9-d608-47df-8219-9d7fed04d9f7","order_by":2,"name":"Khadijeh Biglari","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Collage of Rouzbahan","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Khadijeh","middleName":"","lastName":"Biglari","suffix":""},{"id":321646635,"identity":"a18d8284-516f-4970-a589-277facaaf016","order_by":3,"name":"Valeh Moghaddam","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Valeh","middleName":"","lastName":"Moghaddam","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-06-17 14:37:27","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4594823/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4594823/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":64537398,"identity":"7ebcdd5d-1a7a-44a3-ae44-a6b695c3a4c4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-09-14 23:16:34","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1276309,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ICFv030122.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4594823/v1_covered_b549e31d-fc0f-4d4d-847e-6d129afd8a64.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"An impressive clustering based on the fuzzy system for UAV-assisted IoT wireless networks","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Internet of things, Wireless sensor networks, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, Fuzzy system, Clustering.","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4594823/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4594823/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eUnmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) play an essential role in the Internet of Things (IoT) because of their easy usage and cost reduction. 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