Global economic valuation of organic agriculture

Global economic valuation of organic agriculture | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Global economic valuation of organic agriculture William Sidemo-Holm, Colleen Miller, Marta Sylla This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8408843/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Organic agriculture offers well-established environmental and social benefits, yet its global economic value remains unquantified. We estimated the value of organic crop production from 2005 to 2022 across 63 crops and 153 countries using data on organic area, meta-analytic yield estimates, and trade-derived prices, with uncertainty quantified through Monte Carlo simulations. Global organic crop value increased from US$5.5 billion in 2005 to US$42.3 billion in 2022, representing 1.43% of the combined organic and conventional production value. Organic prices averaged 37% above conventional prices, offsetting a 20% yield gap and resulting in 9% higher per-hectare value—reaching 39% for spices and stimulants and 22% for pulses. By 2022, Europe and China accounted for nearly three-quarters of global production value, while the United States represented only 5% despite consuming over 40%. These findings reveal both rapid economic growth, 13% annually, and persistent regional disparities, underscoring the need for targeted investments to expand organic farming's feasibility and profitability worldwide. Social science/Economics Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental social sciences/Environmental economics Full Text Additional Declarations There is NO Competing Interest. Supplementary Files Supportinginformation.pdf Supporting information for “Global economic valuation of organic agriculture” Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8408843","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":572095417,"identity":"03e8b491-fdbe-42f9-8c24-8ccf87598b08","order_by":0,"name":"William Sidemo-Holm","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"Lund University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"William","middleName":"","lastName":"Sidemo-Holm","suffix":""},{"id":572095418,"identity":"961665c4-9262-45d6-be04-f25ece7381ff","order_by":1,"name":"Colleen Miller","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"university of minnesota","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Colleen","middleName":"","lastName":"Miller","suffix":""},{"id":572095419,"identity":"b12e9727-1494-46d2-af7e-0be699925406","order_by":2,"name":"Marta Sylla","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Stockholm University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Marta","middleName":"","lastName":"Sylla","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-12-20 01:50:16","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8408843/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8408843/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":103505391,"identity":"ada4f2f9-0c40-4f27-bd27-bc10ae972e33","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-26 13:30:37","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":863869,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Article File","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8408843/v1_covered_150dd071-4fa6-48a4-a839-db0dce71b894.pdf"},{"id":100535977,"identity":"29c3bf34-ff64-4d0f-a45c-a9425274fb16","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-19 03:42:49","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":412273,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Supporting information for \u0026#x201C;Global economic valuation of organic agriculture\u0026#x201D;","description":"","filename":"Supportinginformation.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8408843/v1/e3ad712c0ef98714f3cbef85.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"There is \u003cb\u003eNO\u003c/b\u003e Competing Interest.","formattedTitle":"Global economic valuation of organic agriculture","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8408843/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8408843/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Organic agriculture offers well-established environmental and social benefits, yet its global economic value remains unquantified. 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